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Resources/Materials & grades/1025 / C25E

Materials & grades

1025 / C25E / S25C low-carbon steel: equivalents 070M26, 25C8 and Ck25

1025 is a low-carbon steel with about 0.25 % carbon, stronger than 1020 and still weldable, used for shafts, studs and forgings. Its close equivalents are C25E (1.1158) in Europe and S25C in Japan, with 070M26 in the UK and 25C4 or 25C8 in India as nearby grades.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormeMatch
USAAISI/SAE1025SAE J403; ASTM A29 / A108Same material
UNSG10250—Same material
UKBS 970070M26Carbon 0.22–0.30 %, manganese 0.50–0.90 %. Total Materia lists C25E and 1.1158 against it. BS 970 has been withdrawn.BS 970-1Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 nameC25ECarbon 0.22–0.29 %, manganese 0.40–0.70 %. Phosphorus is not shown because the limit depends on the edition: ≤0.025 % in ISO 683-1:2018, ≤0.030 % in EN 10083-2:2006 and ≤0.035 % in older tables.EN 10083-2 / EN ISO 683-1Equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.1158Material number of C25E.EN 10083Closest equivalent
EN 10027-1 nameC25R (1.1163)Sulphur-range variant of C25E.EN 10083Closest equivalent
EN 10027-1 nameC25 (1.0406)Basic-quality version without the E controls on sulphur and phosphorus.EN 10083Closest equivalent
DIN (legacy)Ck25 / Cm25Superseded German names for C25E and C25R.—Closest equivalent
IndeIS 157025C8Carbon 0.20–0.30 %, manganese 0.60–0.90 %. Old Indian name C25Mn75.IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1)Closest equivalent
IS 157025C4Carbon 0.20–0.30 %, manganese 0.30–0.60 %. Old Indian name C25.IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1)Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 4051S25CCarbon 0.22–0.28 %, the same range as 1025. MISUMI lists SAE 1025, C25E and C25 against it.JIS G 4051Equivalent

On equivalence

  • 1025 and C25E are similar in carbon (0.22–0.28 % against 0.22–0.29 %), but C25E has 0.40–0.70 % manganese against 0.30–0.60 %. Its phosphorus limit runs from ≤0.025 % to ≤0.035 % depending on the edition (ISO 683-1:2018, EN 10083-2:2006, older tables) and is not shown, so C25E is shown as the closest European match.
  • S25C has the same carbon and manganese ranges as 1025, plus silicon 0.15–0.35 % and a tighter sulphur cap (0.035 % against 0.050 %).
  • The UK name 070M26 allows 0.22–0.30 % carbon and 0.50–0.90 % manganese, wider than 1025. 080A25 is sometimes quoted for 1025 but was not found as a BS 970 grade in the sources checked.
  • India has two grades at this level. 25C4 matches 1025's manganese (0.30–0.60 %); 25C8 has more (0.60–0.90 %). Both allow up to 0.30 % carbon.
  • Total Materia lists UK C25R and 070M26 against C25E; MISUMI lists C25, C25E and C25R against S25C.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

Element1025USA · SAE J403070M26UK · BS 970-1C25E (1.1158)EU · EN 10083-2 / ISO 683-125C8Inde · IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):197925C4Inde · IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979S25CJapan · JIS G 4051:2023
C0.22–0.280.22–0.300.22–0.290.20–0.300.20–0.300.22–0.28
Si——≤0.40——0.15–0.35
Mn0.30–0.600.50–0.900.40–0.700.60–0.900.30–0.600.30–0.60
P≤0.030————≤0.030
S≤0.050—≤0.035——≤0.035
Cr—≤0.30≤0.40——≤0.20
Ni——≤0.40———
Mo——≤0.10———
Cr+Mo+Ni——≤0.63———
Cr+Ni—————≤0.35

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Hot rolled (1025)Estimated minimum, SAE J1397 basisSAE J1397 estimated minimum, as published by ICAST400 MPa58 ksi220 MPa32 ksi≥25 %116 HB
Cold drawn (1025)Estimated minimum, SAE J1397 basisSAE J1397 estimated minimum, as published by ICAST440 MPa64 ksi370 MPa54 ksi≥15 %126 HB
Hot rolled or normalized (25C4)Specified range, ruling sections up to 150 mmIS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979, Table 2440–540 MPa64–78 ksi—≥23 %—
Hot rolled or normalized (25C8)Specified range, ruling sections up to 150 mmIS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979, Table 2470–570 MPa68–83 ksi—≥22 %—
Normalized (S25C)Reference values after normalizing, as listed by Kobelco for JIS G 4051 (2009 revision); hardness range as listed by Total MateriaKobelco, JIS G 4051 reference values (normalized); hardness from Total Materia, JIS S25C≥440 MPa≥64 ksi≥265 MPa≥38 ksi≥27 %123–183 HB

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Carbon 0.22–0.28 % and manganese 0.30–0.60 % (SAE J403) give more strength than 1020 with fair weldability.
  • SAE J1397 estimated minimums are 400 MPa tensile and 220 MPa yield hot rolled, and 440 MPa tensile and 370 MPa yield cold drawn.
  • Low hardenability: water quenching gives a limited hardened depth, and the grade is used mainly as rolled, normalized or cold drawn.
  • Case hardening by carburizing is possible for light-duty parts.
  • Weldable in normal sections; higher carbon than 1020 raises the preheat need for thick sections.

Heat treatment

  • Normalizing: about 860–910 °C (1580–1670 °F) for S25C (Total Materia); 870–900 °C (1600–1650 °F) for 070M26 (Total Materia).
  • Used mostly as rolled, normalized or cold drawn rather than fully hardened.
  • Carburizing and quenching give a hard case on light-duty parts.

Usages types

  • Shafts, studs and pins of moderate strength
  • Forgings and small machine parts
  • Levers and brackets
  • Welded structures needing more strength than 1020
  • General engineering bar

Carbon steels

Similar grades compared

GradeC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
1025 / C25E0.22–0.280.30–0.60≤0.30≤0.40400 MPa
1008≤0.100.30–0.50——303 MPa
1010 / C10E0.08–0.130.30–0.60≤0.30—320 MPa
1015 / C15E0.13–0.180.30–0.60≤0.30—340 MPa
10180.15–0.200.60–0.90≤0.20—400 MPa
1020 / C22E0.18–0.230.30–0.60≤0.30≤0.40380 MPa
1030 / C300.28–0.340.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40470 MPa
1035 / C350.32–0.380.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40500 MPa
1040 / C40 / EN80.37–0.440.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40524 MPa
1045 / C450.43–0.500.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40565 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Questions et réponses

Common questions

Is 1025 the same as C25E?

They are close equivalents. C25E (1.1158) has 0.22–0.29 % carbon; 1025 has 0.22–0.28 % carbon and 0.30–0.60 % manganese. Compare the full chemistry on the certificate before substituting.

What is the British equivalent of 1025?

070M26 under BS 970 is the closest name found. It allows a wider range of carbon and manganese than 1025. BS 970 has been withdrawn, and UK buyers now usually order C25E.

What is the difference between 1020 and 1025 steel?

1025 has 0.22–0.28 % carbon and 1020 has 0.18–0.23 %. The SAE J1397 estimated hot-rolled strength is 400 MPa for 1025 against 380 MPa for 1020.

Is S25C equivalent to 1025?

Yes, as a close equivalent. S25C (JIS G 4051) has 0.22–0.28 % carbon, the same range as 1025, and MISUMI lists SAE 1025 against it.

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1020 / C22E1020 is a low-carbon steel with about 0.20 % carbon, used for shafts, pins, brackets and welded or case-hardened parts.1030 / C301030 is a plain medium-carbon steel with about 0.30 % carbon and 0.60–0.90 % manganese, used hot rolled, normalized or quenched and tempered for shafts, studs and general machined parts.10181018 is a low-carbon, non-alloy steel with 0.15–0.20 % carbon and 0.60–0.90 % manganese, widely used as cold-drawn bar for machined and case-hardened parts.NormalizingNormalizing heats steel above its upper critical temperature and lets it cool in still air to give a fine, uniform ferrite–pearlite structure.Quenching and temperingQuenching and tempering hardens steel by cooling it rapidly from the austenite range to form martensite, then reheats it below Ac1 to trade some hardness for toughness.SAE / AISI numbersA four-digit SAE/AISI number such as 1045 or 4140 names a carbon or alloy steel by its chemistry: the first two digits identify the steel family and the last two give the nominal carbon content in hundredths of a percent.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.BS 970 and the EN seriesBS 970 names steels with a six-character code such as 080M40, in which the first three digits give the steel type, the letter says how the steel is specified and the last two digits give the carbon content.IS 1570 and Indian designationsIndian steel names follow the letter-symbol code in IS 1762 (Part 1), which the IS 1570 schedules use: 45C8 means about 0.45% carbon, C for carbon steel and about 0.8% manganese, while alloy names such as 40Cr4Mo3 list each element with a multiplied content figure.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. ICAST: SAE J403 / SAE J1397 UNS G10250, Hot Rolled — SAE J403 composition and J1397 estimated minimum properties for 1025.
  2. ICAST: SAE J403 / SAE J1397 UNS G10250, Cold Drawn
  3. IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979 Schedules for wrought steels: carbon steels (public copy) — Table 1 carbon and manganese limits and Table 2 hot-rolled or normalized tensile limits.
  4. MISUMI: JIS and foreign standards comparison for machine structural steels — Cross-reference of JIS G 4051 grades with ISO, AISI/SAE, BS 970, EN 10084 / 10083 and NF names.
  5. Total Materia: EN C25E — C, Cr and Cr+Mo+Ni limits; lists C25R, 1.1163 and 070M26.
  6. Total Materia: JIS S25C (JIS G 4051:2023) — C, Cr and Cr+Ni limits, tensile, hardness and normalizing range.
  7. Total Materia: BS 970 070M26 — C, Mn and Cr limits; normalizing range; C25E and 1.1158 cross-reference.
  8. Kobelco: Wire rods and bars specification tables (JIS G 3505, JIS G 4051) — S25C composition (C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cu, Ni, Cr, Ni+Cr) and the reference table of normalizing temperatures and normalized properties, JIS G 4051 (2009 revision).
  9. SteelJIS: S25C datasheet — S25C composition limits, JIS G 4051 (edition not stated); agrees with Kobelco.
  10. Lucefin Group: C25E (1.1158) technical card — C25E composition and normalizing and quenching-and-tempering properties to ISO 683-1:2018; used for manganese, sulphur, molybdenum and nickel.
  11. Steel-grades.com: C25E — C25E composition limits (Spanish UNE listing of the EN grade); agrees on manganese, silicon, sulphur, chromium, molybdenum and nickel.
  12. Summit Steel: carbon steel estimated minimum mechanical properties — Hot-rolled and cold-drawn estimated minimums for 1008 to 1025; agrees with the SAE J1397 tensile values here; a few yield, elongation and hardness figures differ by rounding or typing.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.