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Resources/Materials & grades/A514 / S690QL

Materials & grades

ASTM A514 / S690QL / JIS SHY685 quenched and tempered high-strength plate

ASTM A514 and EN 10025-6 S690Q, S690QL and S690QL1 are quenched and tempered alloy steel plates with a minimum yield of about 690 MPa (100 ksi) up to 50–65 mm thick. They are used for cranes, booms, bridges and heavy equipment where weight matters, but they are not interchangeable: tensile range, chemistry and toughness requirements differ.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormMatch
USAASTMA514 (Grades B, E, F, H, Q, S and others)Quenched and tempered alloy plate. The grade letter sets chemistry and the thickness it covers; for example B to 32 mm, H to 51 mm, F to 64 mm, E and Q to 152 mm.ASTM A514/A514MSame material
ASTMA517Pressure-vessel plate in the same grades and chemistry with a higher tensile range (115–135 ksi up to 63.5 mm).ASTM A517/A517MClosest equivalent
UKBS EN 10025-6S690Q / S690QL / S690QL1The UK uses the European standard unchanged.BS EN 10025-6Equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 nameS690Q / S690QL / S690QL1S690Q is tested at 0 and −20 °C, QL to −40 °C and QL1 to −60 °C.EN 10025-6Equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.8931 (S690Q), 1.8928 (S690QL), 1.8988 (S690QL1)EN 10025-6Equivalent
DIN (legacy)StE 690 VSuperseded German name for the quenched and tempered 690 MPa class, listed by Metinvest as the analogue of S690Q. The German specification it came from is not confirmed here.—Equivalent
IndienIS 2062E650 (A, BR)Highest grade of IS 2062: yield 650 MPa and tensile 780 MPa minimum. Supplied as rolled, not quenched and tempered, with an optional room-temperature impact test in BR only; it does not replace A514 or S690QL where toughness or weldability is critical. We found no Indian specification for quenched and tempered plate of this class.IS 2062:2011Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 3128SHY685 (also SHY685N, SHY685NS)High-yield welded-structure plate with a nominal 685 N/mm² proof stress and 780 N/mm² tensile. N and NS are further grades in the same standard with their own chemistry limits.JIS G 3128Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • A514 and S690Q/QL/QL1 are close in strength class but not identical. A514 tensile range is 760–895 MPa up to 65 mm, S690 is 770–940 MPa up to 50 mm; A514 yield is 690 MPa up to 65 mm, S690 up to 50 mm and then 650 MPa.
  • A514 is defined by grade letters with different alloy recipes (boron-treated Cr–Mo, Ni–Cr–Mo and so on) and thickness limits; EN 10025-6 sets chemistry maxima with a carbon equivalent by thickness.
  • Toughness differs: S690QL has a guaranteed 30 J at −40 °C longitudinal, S690QL1 reaches −60 °C. A514 has no Charpy requirement in the base specification.
  • The EN material number 1.8914 sometimes quoted for S690Q belongs to a different grade; the numbers in EN 10027-2 are 1.8931 (S690Q), 1.8928 (S690QL) and 1.8988 (S690QL1).
  • We found no Indian standard that matches this class. IS 2062 E650 is the strongest Indian structural grade and is the closest by strength only; it is not quenched and tempered and has no low-temperature toughness grades.
  • Sources disagree on A514 elongation: AA Steel gives 18 % (to 65 mm) and 16 % (65–150 mm), while SSAB's datasheets show 16 % and 14 % because ASTM A6 reduces the requirement for rectangular test pieces. Check the test-piece convention on the mill certificate.
  • A514 phosphorus and sulphur limits of ≤0.030 % come from AA Steel's reproduction; SSAB supplies Grade B at ≤0.025 % P and ≤0.005 % S, tighter than required.
  • A514 Grade Q boron and copper limits are not shown because the source table was ambiguous; check the standard.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

ElementA514 Grade B (to 32 mm)USA · ASTM A514/A514MA514 Grade E (to 152 mm)USA · ASTM A514/A514MA514 Grade F (to 64 mm)USA · ASTM A514/A514MA514 Grade H (to 51 mm)USA · ASTM A514/A514MA514 Grade Q (to 152 mm)USA · ASTM A514/A514MS690Q (1.8931), up to 150 mmEU · EN 10025-6S690QL (1.8928), up to 200 mmEU · EN 10025-6E650 A / BRIndien · IS 2062:2011SHY685NSJapan · JIS G 3128
C0.12–0.210.12–0.200.10–0.200.12–0.210.14–0.21≤0.20≤0.20≤0.22≤0.14
Si0.20–0.350.20–0.400.15–0.350.20–0.350.15–0.35≤0.80≤0.80≤0.50—
Mn0.70–1.000.40–0.700.60–1.000.95–1.300.95–1.30≤1.70≤1.70≤1.70—
P≤0.030≤0.030≤0.030≤0.030≤0.030≤0.025≤0.020≤0.025—
S≤0.030≤0.030≤0.030≤0.030≤0.030≤0.015≤0.010≤0.015—
Cr0.40–0.651.40–2.000.40–0.650.40–0.651.00–1.50≤1.50≤1.50——
Ni——0.70–1.000.30–0.701.20–1.50≤2.0≤2.0——
Mo0.15–0.250.40–0.600.40–0.600.20–0.300.40–0.60≤0.70≤0.70——
V0.03–0.08—0.03–0.080.03–0.080.03–0.08≤0.12≤0.12——
Cu——0.15–0.50——≤0.50≤0.50——
N—————≤0.015≤0.015——
B0.0005–0.0050.001–0.0050.0005–0.0060.0005–0.005—≤0.005≤0.005—≤0.005
Ti0.01–0.100.01–0.10———≤0.05≤0.05——
Nb—————≤0.06≤0.06——
Zr—————≤0.15———
CEV—————≤0.65 (to 50 mm); ≤0.77 (50–100 mm); ≤0.83 (100–150 mm)≤0.83 (100–200 mm)——
CE———————≤0.55≤0.53

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Quenched and tempered (ASTM A514)Specified, plate up to 65 mm (2½ in); elongation 18 % in 50 mm (2 in); Brinell 235–293 HBW up to 19 mm (¾ in); Charpy only if orderedASTM A514/A514M as tabulated by AA Steel and SSAB760–895 MPa110–130 ksi≥690 MPa≥100 ksi18 %235–293 HBW (to 19 mm)
Quenched and tempered (ASTM A514)Specified, over 65 to 150 mm (2½–6 in); elongation 16 % in 50 mm (2 in)ASTM A514/A514M as tabulated by AA Steel and SSAB690–895 MPa100–130 ksi≥620 MPa≥90 ksi16 %—
Quenched and tempered (S690Q, S690QL, S690QL1)Specified, over 3 to 50 mm; elongation 14 %; typical hardness 228–278 HBEN 10025-6 as published by Metinvest770–940 MPa112–136 ksi≥690 MPa≥100 ksi14 %228–278 HB (typical)
Quenched and tempered (S690Q, S690QL, S690QL1)Specified, over 50 to 100 mmEN 10025-6 as published by Metinvest760–930 MPa110–135 ksi≥650 MPa≥94.3 ksi14 %—
Quenched and tempered (S690Q, S690QL, S690QL1)Specified, over 100 to 150 mm; QL longitudinal Charpy: 50 J at 0 °C, 40 J at −20 °C, 30 J at −40 °C (27 J transverse at −40 °C)EN 10025-6 as published by Metinvest and Industeel710–900 MPa103–131 ksi≥630 MPa≥91.4 ksi14 %—
As rolled (IS 2062 E650)Specified, thickness under 20 mm (630 MPa at 20–40 mm, 620 MPa above 40 mm); elongation 12 %; BR: Charpy 15 J at room temperature only if ordered, A: noneIS 2062:2011, Table 2≥780 MPa≥113 ksi≥650 MPa≥94.3 ksi12 %—
Quenched and tempered (JIS SHY685)Nominal class values from the scope of JIS G 3128; the tensile upper limit, thickness bands, elongation and Charpy values are in the standard and are not reproduced hereJIS G 3128:2025 scope statement≥780 MPa≥113 ksi≥685 MPa≥99.4 ksi——
Quenched and tempered (JIS SHY685NS)Thickness band not stated by the source; elongation 16 %JIS SHY685NS as summarised by Total Materia760–930 MPa110–135 ksi≥665 MPa≥96.5 ksi16 %—

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Yield of 690 MPa (100 ksi) is roughly double that of S355 or A572 Grade 50, so a member can be much lighter for the same load.
  • Strength comes from quenching and tempering, so the plate is hardness-sensitive: overheating it, or flame-straightening and welding with heat input outside the mill's limits, can soften the heat-affected zone.
  • Weldable with low-hydrogen processes, controlled preheat and interpass temperature, and limited heat input. The carbon equivalent is high (S690 CEV up to 0.65 to 50 mm), so hydrogen cracking is the main risk.
  • Toughness is graded: S690Q is tested at 0 and −20 °C, S690QL down to −40 °C and S690QL1 down to −60 °C. A514 has no Charpy requirement unless ordered.
  • Cold forming is possible within the mill's minimum bend radius and die-width guidance; SSAB publishes tables for A514 Grade B.

Heat treatment

  • Delivered quenched and tempered by the mill; the properties are set at that stage and are not restored by normalizing or annealing.
  • ASTM A514 is quenched from austenitizing temperature and tempered; the specification sets a minimum tempering temperature that depends on the edition and grade. Keep fabrication heat below the mill's tempering temperature unless the mill approves it.
  • Post-weld heat treatment and hot forming are normally avoided or limited to temperatures below the mill's tempering temperature.
  • Preheat and interpass temperature depend on thickness and hydrogen level; use the procedure qualified for the actual heat's carbon equivalent.

Typische Anwendungen

  • Crane booms and jibs, mobile-crane and lifting equipment
  • Heavy vehicle frames, truck bodies and trailers
  • Bridge girders and long-span structural members
  • Excavator and mining machine structures
  • Heavy lifting and materials-handling structures

Structural and plate steels

Similar grades compared

GüteklasseC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
A514 / S690QL0.12–0.210.70–1.000.40–0.650.70–1.00760–895 MPa
A36 / S275JR / E250≤0.250.80–1.20——400–550 MPa
S235JR≤0.24≤0.90——360–510 MPa
S355J2≤0.23≤1.35——470–630 MPa
A572 Grade 50≤0.23≤1.35——≥450 MPa
A992≤0.230.50–1.60≤0.35≤0.45≥450 MPa
S420 / E410≤0.26≤1.35≤0.30≤0.80520–680 MPa
S460 / A572 Gr 65≤0.23≤1.65≤0.30≤0.80540–720 MPa
A588 / S355J2W≤0.190.80–1.250.40–0.65≤0.40≥485 MPa
A516 Gr 70 / P355GH≤0.27 (to 12.5 mm); ≤0.28 (12.5–50 mm); ≤0.30 (50–100 mm); ≤0.31 (100–200 mm)0.85–1.20≤0.30≤0.30485–620 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Fragen und Antworten

Common questions

What is the equivalent of ASTM A514 in EN?

EN 10025-6 S690Q, S690QL and S690QL1 are the closest. Both are quenched and tempered with a 690 MPa yield. Tensile ranges (760–895 MPa against 770–940 MPa), chemistry and toughness testing differ, so check the property your design relies on.

What do Q, QL and QL1 mean?

Q means quenched and tempered. L adds guaranteed impact values at lower temperature: S690Q is tested to −20 °C, S690QL to −40 °C and S690QL1 to −60 °C.

Is A514 steel weldable?

Yes, with controlled procedures. Use low-hydrogen consumables, controlled preheat and interpass temperature, and limited heat input, because the carbon equivalent is high and the heat-affected zone can soften or crack.

Is there an Indian equivalent of A514 or S690QL?

No true one that we found. IS 2062 E650 is the nearest by strength (650 MPa yield, 780 MPa tensile), but it is supplied as rolled, not quenched and tempered, and has no low-temperature toughness grades.

What is the difference between A514 and A517?

They share grades and chemistry. A514 is for structural use; A517 is for pressure vessels and has a higher tensile range (115–135 ksi up to 63.5 mm against 110–130 ksi for A514).

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Structural steel gradesStructural steel grades in the USA, UK, EU, India and Japan line up by minimum yield strength: about 250 MPa (A36, S235/S275, E250, SS400), about 350 MPa (A572 Grade 50 / A992, S355, E350, SM490) and about 410–450 MPa (A572 Grade 60/65, S450, E410/E450, SM570).Quenching and temperingQuenching and tempering hardens steel by cooling it rapidly from the austenite range to form martensite, then reheats it below Ac1 to trade some hardness for toughness.4340 / EN24AISI 4340 is a medium-carbon nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy steel, used hardened and tempered where high strength and toughness are needed in large sections.S460 / A572 Gr 65S460 is a fine-grain structural steel with a 460 MPa minimum yield, supplied normalized (N, NL) to EN 10025-3 or thermomechanically rolled (M, ML) to EN 10025-4.A572 Grade 50ASTM A572 Grade 50 is a high-strength low-alloy structural steel with a minimum yield of 345 MPa (50 ksi) and a minimum tensile strength of 450 MPa (65 ksi).EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. AA Steel: ASTM A514 chemical and tensile requirements — Composition of Grades B, E, F, H, Q and S; tensile table by thickness.
  2. SSAB: ASTM A514 structural steel plate — Thickness range per grade; yield requirements; Grade B, F and Q mechanical tables.
  3. SSAB: ASTM A514 Grade B data sheet — Grade B composition, hardness and typical CEV.
  4. Industeel (ArcelorMittal): declaration of performance, S690QL 1.8928 — Impact by temperature, composition and CEV for S690QL.
  5. Metinvest: S690Q steel grade — S690Q composition, yield and tensile by thickness, hardness.
  6. Tata Steel UK: declaration of performance, S690QL plate — Yield, tensile and CEV by thickness.
  7. IS 2062:2011 Hot rolled medium and high tensile structural steel (public copy) — E650 composition and mechanical properties.
  8. Total Materia: JIS SHY685NS — SHY685NS carbon, CE and tensile properties.
  9. Wikipedia: A514 steel — A514 and A517 tensile ranges.
  10. Kalmar K-standard 11021.0001: high yield strength quenched and tempered steels (EN 10025-6) — S690Q and S690QL numbers, composition, CEV, yield, tensile and impact.
  11. Industeel: Amstrong Ultra 690Q-QL-QL1 datasheet — EN 10025-6 test temperatures for Q, QL and QL1; yield and tensile by thickness.
  12. SSAB: ASTM A514 Grades F and H — Grade H composition, A514 elongation and hardness.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.