Materials & grades
309 / 309S stainless steel: equivalents 1.4833 (X12CrNi23-13), SUS309S and 309S24
309 is a heat-resisting austenitic stainless steel with about 23 % chromium and 13 % nickel, used for furnace parts and hot equipment up to roughly 1000 °C in air. 309S is the low-carbon version (≤0.08 % C), and its usual counterparts are 1.4833 (X12CrNi23-13) in Europe and SUS309S in Japan.
Names by standard
What it is called in each region
| Region | System | Designation | Norm | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USA | AISI/ASTM | 309SLow-carbon version (C ≤0.08 %) and the form most often supplied. | ASTM A240 (plate, sheet, strip); A276 (bar); A312 (pipe); A479 (bar and shapes) | Same material |
| AISI/ASTM | 309Parent grade with up to 0.20 % carbon. Higher carbon gives more hot strength but more sensitisation. | ASTM A167; A240 | Same material | |
| UNS | S30908UNS number of 309S. | — | Same material | |
| UNS | S30900UNS number of 309. | — | Same material | |
| UK | BS (withdrawn) | 309S24Atlas pairs 309S24 with S30908. Total Materia gives it a carbon limit of 0.15 %, nearer 1.4833 and 309 than 309S. | BS 1449-2:1983 | Closest equivalent |
| BS (withdrawn) | 309S16ICAST lists 309S16 against S30908 with carbon ≤0.08 %. Sources disagree on which BS name maps to 309S. It does not appear in the BS 1449-2 table that was read, so treat it as a trade-chart name. | — | Closest equivalent | |
| EU | EN 10027-1 name | X12CrNi23-13Carbon ≤0.15 % against ≤0.08 % for 309S, and nickel 12.0–14.0 % against 12.0–15.0 %. | EN 10095 | Closest equivalent |
| EN 10027-2 number | 1.4833Material number of X12CrNi23-13. Listed against 309S by Atlas, Aperam and Rolled Alloys. | EN 10095 | Closest equivalent | |
| EN 10027-2 number | 1.4828X15CrNiSi20-12. Silicon-alloyed (1.5–2.5 % Si) with 19–21 % Cr and 11–13 % Ni. Sold as 309Si and sometimes called 309, but it is a different analysis. | EN 10095 | Closest equivalent | |
| Indien | IS 1570 (Part 5) | X15Cr24Ni13Carbon ≤0.20 %, chromium 22.0–25.0 %, nickel 11.0–15.0 %. Nearer to 309 than 309S. | IS 1570 (Part 5):1985 | Closest equivalent |
| Japan | JIS G 4303 / G 4304 / G 4305 | SUS309SCarbon ≤0.08 %, chromium 22.00–24.00 %, nickel 12.00–15.00 %. | JIS G 4303 (bar); JIS G 4304 / G 4305 (plate, sheet) | Equivalent |
| JIS (heat-resisting) | SUH309Heat-resisting designation listed against 309 by ICAST. Higher carbon than SUS309S. | — | Closest equivalent |
On equivalence
- 1.4833 (X12CrNi23-13) is the European counterpart of 309S. Atlas, Aperam and Rolled Alloys all pair them. It is marked closest here because EN 10095 allows 0.15 % carbon and 12.0–14.0 % nickel against 0.08 % and 12.0–15.0 % in ASTM A240.
- 1.4828 (X15CrNiSi20-12) is often offered as 309 but has 19–21 % chromium, 11–13 % nickel and 1.5–2.5 % silicon. Jacquet calls it 309Si. It resists scaling to about 1000 °C (Acerinox) and is not interchangeable with 309S for chromium-dependent duty.
- The nitrogen limit shown for 1.4828 (≤0.11 %) is the EN 10095 figure given by Jacquet and other tables of the standard. Acerinox's ACX 290 datasheet gives ≤0.10 %.
- British sources disagree. Atlas pairs 309S24 with S30908; ICAST pairs 309S16 with S30908; Total Materia gives 309S24 a carbon limit of 0.15 %. Both BS names are withdrawn, and new orders use EN 10095.
- Indian X15Cr24Ni13 (IS 1570 Part 5) allows 0.20 % carbon, so it matches 309 rather than 309S. The silicon limit shown (≤1.5 %) is read from a poor scan of the standard and is unconfirmed.
- SUS309S (JIS) is the closest national match to 309S: same carbon limit and the same chromium and nickel ranges, with a higher silicon limit (1.00 % against 0.75 %).
Chemical composition
Composition limits, mass %
| Element | 309S (S30908)USA · ASTM A240 | 309 (S30900)USA · ASTM A240 | X12CrNi23-13 (1.4833)EU · EN 10095 (heat analysis) | X15CrNiSi20-12 (1.4828)EU · EN 10095 (heat analysis) | X15Cr24Ni13Indien · IS 1570 (Part 5):1985 | SUS309SJapan · JIS G 4303 (bar) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | ≤0.08 | ≤0.20 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.20 | ≤0.20 | ≤0.08 |
| Si | ≤0.75 | ≤0.75 | ≤1.0 | 1.50–2.50 | ≤1.5 | ≤1.00 |
| Mn | ≤2.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤2.0 | ≤2.00 | ≤2.0 | ≤2.00 |
| P | ≤0.045 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.045 |
| S | ≤0.030 | ≤0.030 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.030 | ≤0.030 |
| Cr | 22.0–24.0 | 22.0–24.0 | 22.0–24.0 | 19.00–21.00 | 22.0–25.0 | 22.00–24.00 |
| Ni | 12.0–15.0 | 12.0–15.0 | 12.0–14.0 | 11.00–13.00 | 11.0–15.0 | 12.00–15.00 |
| N | — | — | ≤0.11 | ≤0.11 | — | — |
Mechanical properties
Strength and hardness
| Condition | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation | Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annealed (309S)Specified minimums, plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240); hardness is a maximumASTM A240, via Atlas Steels Section 9 and ICAST | ≥515 MPa≥75 ksi | ≥205 MPa≥30 ksi | ≥40 % | ≤217 HB (≤95 HRB) |
| Solution treated (SUS309S)Specified, bar; hardness is a maximumJIS G 4303, via Nose Stainless reference sheet | ≥520 MPa≥75 ksi | ≥205 MPa≥30 ksi | ≥40 % | ≤187 HBW |
| Annealed (1.4833)Specified, room temperature (EN 10095 table); hardness is a maximum given for guidanceEN 10095 table as reproduced by the British Stainless Steel Association; Outokumpu lists the same Rp0.2, Rm minimum and elongation | 500–700 MPa73–102 ksi | ≥210 MPa≥30 ksi | ≥35 % | ≤192 HB |
| Annealed bars (X15Cr24Ni13)Specified minimumsIS 1570 (Part 5):1985, Table 3 | ≥490 MPa≥71 ksi | ≥210 MPa≥30 ksi | ≥40 % | — |
| Annealed, typical at 20 °C (68 °F)Typical, not a minimumRolled Alloys 309 data sheet | 621 MPa90 ksi | 310 MPa45 ksi | 50 % | — |
| Annealed, typical at 650 °C (1200 °F)Typical, not a minimumRolled Alloys 309 data sheet | 359 MPa52 ksi | 152 MPa22 ksi | 26 % | — |
In practice
Behaviour, heat treatment and uses
Characteristics
- Resists oxidation to about 1040 °C (1900 °F) at constant temperature and about 1010 °C (1850 °F) with frequent thermal cycling (Rolled Alloys). A stockist datasheet for 1.4833 gives scale resistance in air up to 1000 °C.
- Good resistance to sulphur-bearing hot atmospheres, but only moderate resistance to carbon pick-up, so it is not suggested for strongly carburizing atmospheres (Rolled Alloys).
- Prolonged exposure between about 595 and 870 °C (1100–1600 °F) forms some sigma phase, which lowers room-temperature ductility and impact resistance (Rolled Alloys).
- Corrosion resistance in water-based media is better than 304, but the grade is mainly chosen for heat resistance (Nose Stainless, JIS reference).
- Austenitic and essentially non-magnetic when annealed; it cannot be hardened by heat treatment.
- Weldable by the usual fusion methods; Rolled Alloys recommends E309-16 covered electrodes or ER309 wire. Room-temperature forming is suggested.
- The 0.08 % carbon cap of 309S limits chromium-carbide precipitation in welds. The higher hot strength of 309 or 309H comes from higher carbon.
Heat treatment
- Solution annealing: JIS gives 1030–1150 °C (1885–2100 °F) with rapid cooling (Nose Stainless).
- No hardening treatment exists; strength comes from composition and cold work only.
- Avoid long holds at about 595–870 °C (1100–1600 °F) if room-temperature toughness matters, because of sigma phase (Rolled Alloys).
Typische Anwendungen
- Furnace parts, annealing covers and boxes, muffles and retorts
- Radiant tubes and tube hangers for boilers
- Waste incinerators, pulverized coal burners and rotary kilns
- Heat exchangers and chemical process equipment
- Salt-bath treatment equipment and calrods (electric heating elements)
Stainless steels
Similar grades compared
| Güteklasse | C % | Mn % | Cr % | Ni % | Tensile, first listed condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 309 / 309S | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 22.0–24.0 | 12.0–15.0 | ≥515 MPa |
| 201 / 1.4372 | ≤0.15 | 5.50–7.50 | 16.0–18.0 | 3.5–5.5 | ≥515 MPa |
| 301 / 1.4310 | ≤0.15 | ≤2.00 | 16.0–18.0 | 6.0–8.0 | ≥515 MPa |
| 303 / 1.4305 | ≤0.15 | ≤2.0 | 17.0–19.0 | 8.0–10.0 | 650 MPa |
| 304 / 1.4301 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0–10.5 | ≥515 MPa |
| 304L / 1.4307 | ≤0.030 | ≤2.00 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0–12.0 | ≥485 MPa |
| 310 / 310S | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 24.0–26.0 | 19.0–22.0 | ≥515 MPa |
| 316 / 1.4401 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 16.0–18.0 | 10.0–14.0 | ≥515 MPa |
| 316L | ≤0.030 | ≤2.00 | 16.0–18.0 | 10.0–14.0 | ≥485 MPa |
| 321 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 17.0–19.0 | 9.0–12.0 | ≥515 MPa |
Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.
Fragen und Antworten
Common questions
What is the equivalent of 309S stainless steel?
The usual European counterpart is 1.4833 (X12CrNi23-13) under EN 10095, and the Japanese one is SUS309S. Old British names are 309S24 and 309S16, and the nearest Indian grade is X15Cr24Ni13. None are identical: EN 10095 allows 0.15 % carbon, against 0.08 % for 309S.
What is the difference between 309 and 309S?
Carbon. 309 (S30900) allows up to 0.20 % carbon; 309S (S30908) is capped at 0.08 %. The chromium (22.0–24.0 %) and nickel (12.0–15.0 %) ranges are the same. 309S is preferred for welded parts because less carbon means less chromium-carbide precipitation.
What is the difference between 309 and 310 stainless steel?
310 has more chromium and nickel (24–26 % Cr, 19–22 % Ni) than 309 (22–24 % Cr, 12–15 % Ni). Rolled Alloys quotes oxidation resistance to about 1090 °C (2000 °F) for 310 and 1040 °C (1900 °F) for 309. 309 costs less and suits sulphur-bearing atmospheres; 310 is the choice for higher temperatures.
What is the maximum service temperature of 309 stainless steel?
Rolled Alloys gives oxidation resistance to about 1040 °C (1900 °F) at constant temperature and about 1010 °C (1850 °F) with frequent cycling. A stockist datasheet for 1.4833 gives scale resistance in air up to 1000 °C. These are scaling limits, not load-bearing limits: Rolled Alloys gives a 10,000-hour rupture strength of about 119 MPa at 650 °C (1200 °F), falling to about 11 MPa at 870 °C (1600 °F).
Is 309 stainless steel magnetic?
Annealed 309 is essentially non-magnetic, with a relative permeability of about 1.02 for 309 and 310 (Jacquet). Cold work can make it slightly magnetic.
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Related references
References
Sources
- Atlas Steels, Product Reference Manual Section 9: stainless steel properties and equivalent grades — UNS, old British BS, Euronorm and JIS cross-reference with ASTM A240 composition and specified mechanical properties. States that cross-references are approximate.
- ICAST: ASTM A240 UNS S30908 — Second source for the ASTM A240 composition and minimum mechanical properties.
- Rolled Alloys: 309 Stainless Steel data sheet (Bulletin 109US) — Oxidation limits, sigma-phase warning, typical tensile and creep data, UNS S30908 / 1.4833 / EN 10095 specification line.
- Jacquet Metals: Technical sheet 309/309S, 310/310S — ASTM A167 / A240 limits for 309, 309S, 310 and 310S; identifies 1.4828 as 309Si and 1.4841 as 310Si; typical room-temperature properties.
- British Stainless Steel Association: Ambient temperature mechanical properties of heat resisting steels to BS EN 10095 — Table of hardness, Rp0.2, Rp1.0, Rm and elongation for 1.4828, 1.4833, 1.4841 and 1.4845 (used to correct the 1.4833 elongation and the 1.4845 tensile range).
- Outokumpu: Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards — EN and ASTM minimum mechanical properties, old British names (4833 / 309S16, 4845 / 310S16) and maximum service temperatures.
- Euro Inox (ISER): Stainless Steels at High Temperatures, Table 2 — EN 10095 C, Si, Mn, Cr and Ni limits for 1.4828, 1.4833, 1.4845 and 1.4841.
- ATI 309S Austenitic Stainless Steel — ASTM A240 / SA-240 composition and minimum properties for 309S (515 MPa, 205 MPa, 40 %, 95 HRB max).
- Aperam: 309S / 1.4833 product page — Designations (1.4833, X12CrNi23-13, S30908), typical composition and applications.
- Acerinox: ACX 290 (EN 1.4828, X15CrNiSi20-12) datasheet — EN 10095 composition for 1.4828, annealed properties, maximum service temperature 1000 °C.
- Team Edelstahl: 1.4833 (X12CrNi23-13) Werkstoff-Datenblatt — Stockist datasheet: EN heat-analysis limits, room-temperature properties, scaling limit in air. Values are informational.
- Nose Stainless: steel types, composition and mechanical properties (JIS reference sheet) — JIS composition, solution-treatment temperature, proof stress, tensile strength, elongation and hardness for SUS309S, SUS310S, SUS316L and SUS321.
- Bureau of Indian Standards, IS 1570 (Part 5):1985 Schedules for wrought steels, stainless and heat-resisting steels (Public.Resource.Org copy) — Table 1 composition and Table 3 bar mechanical requirements. The scanned text is poor quality, so figures were read against neighbouring rows.
- BSI: EN 10095 Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys — Catalogue record of the European heat-resisting steel standard that lists 1.4828, 1.4833, 1.4841 and 1.4845. The standard itself is paywalled.
- Total Materia: B.S. 309 S 24 — Carbon limit of 309S24 (BS 1449-2:1983).
- ICAST: BS 309 S 16 — Carbon limit of 309S16.
Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.