Materials & grades
410 / 1.4006 / SUS410 martensitic stainless steel: equivalents 410S21 and X12Cr13
410 is the basic 12 % chromium martensitic stainless steel, hardenable by quenching and tempering and magnetic in every condition. Its equivalents are 1.4006 (X12Cr13) in Europe, 410S21 in the UK, X12Cr12 in India and SUS410 in Japan.
Names by standard
What it is called in each region
| Region | System | Designation | قياسي | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USA | AISI/ASTM | 410 | ASTM A276 (bar); ASTM A240 (plate, sheet, strip) | Same material |
| UNS | S41000 | — | Same material | |
| UK | BS 970-3 (1991) | 410S21Stainless grades are no longer in BS 970; new orders use EN 10088-3. The name is still used on drawings. | BS 970-3 | Equivalent |
| BS 970 (1955 EN series) | EN56ASuperseded 1955 name listed against 410S21 by Aalco. Sources vary. | — | Closest equivalent | |
| EU | EN 10027-1 name | X12Cr13Carbon 0.08–0.15 %, chromium 11.5–13.5 %, manganese up to 1.50 %. | EN 10088-1; EN 10088-3 | Equivalent |
| EN 10027-2 number | 1.4006Material number of X12Cr13. | EN 10088-1; EN 10088-3 | Equivalent | |
| DIN 17440 (legacy) | 1.4006 / X10Cr13Superseded German standard. Some references use the name X10Cr13 for the same number. | DIN 17440 | Equivalent | |
| الهند | IS 1570 (Part 5) | X12Cr12Carbon 0.08–0.15 %, chromium 11.5–13.5 %. The Indian designation reads 12, not 13, although the chromium range is the same as X12Cr13. | IS 1570 (Part 5):1985 | Equivalent |
| Japan | JIS G 4303 | SUS410Carbon up to 0.15 % with no minimum, so slightly wider than the 410 range. | JIS G 4303 (bar); JIS G 4304 / G 4305 (plate, sheet) | Equivalent |
On equivalence
- 410, 1.4006 and SUS410 describe the same 12 % chromium martensitic steel. Limits differ slightly. EN allows manganese up to 1.50 % and nickel up to 0.75 %, ASTM A276 caps manganese at 1.00 %, and JIS sets no carbon minimum.
- The Indian name is X12Cr12 in IS 1570 (Part 5), not X12Cr13. IS 1570 also lists X04Cr12 (carbon up to 0.08 %), a different, lower-carbon steel.
- 410S21 is the BS 970 name. The superseded 1955 number is EN56A. 420S29 and 420S37, often found beside it, are 420-type grades, not 410.
- Do not substitute 416 (free machining, sulphur added) or 403 where corrosion resistance or a specified composition matters.
- Heat-treatment condition names differ. EN uses +A and +QT650, ASTM uses Condition A and T, and JIS uses annealed and hardened-tempered.
Chemical composition
Composition limits, mass %
| Element | 410USA · ASTM A276 | X12Cr13 (1.4006)EU · EN 10088-1 / EN 10088-3 | X12Cr12الهند · IS 1570 (Part 5):1985 | SUS410Japan · JIS G 4303 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0.08–0.15 | 0.08–0.15 | 0.08–0.15 | ≤0.15 |
| Si | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.00 |
| Mn | ≤1.00 | ≤1.50 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.00 |
| P | ≤0.040 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.040 |
| S | ≤0.030 | ≤0.015 (≤0.030 for bars) | ≤0.030 | ≤0.030 |
| Cr | 11.5–13.5 | 11.5–13.5 | 11.5–13.5 | 11.50–13.50 |
| Ni | — | ≤0.75 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.60 (may be added) |
Mechanical properties
Strength and hardness
| Condition | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation | Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annealed (Condition A)Specified minimums, cold finished bar (ASTM A276)ASTM A276 as quoted by Atlas Steels | ≥480 MPa≥70 ksi | ≥275 MPa≥40 ksi | ≥16 % | — |
| Hardened and tempered at 204 °CTypical values, not minimumsAtlas Steels 410 data sheet | 1310 MPa190 ksi | 1000 MPa145 ksi | 16 % | 388 HB |
| Hardened and tempered at 593 °CTypical values, not minimumsAtlas Steels 410 data sheet | 870 MPa126 ksi | 675 MPa98 ksi | 20 % | 255 HB |
| Hardened and tempered at 650 °CTypical values, not minimumsAtlas Steels 410 data sheet | 755 MPa110 ksi | 575 MPa83 ksi | 23 % | 225 HB |
| Soft annealed (+A), EN 10088-3Specified maximums, barEN 10088-3 as given by Deutsche Edelstahlwerke | ≤730 MPa≤106 ksi | — | — | ≤220 HB |
| Quenched and tempered +QT650Specified, bar up to 160 mmEN 10088-3 as given by Deutsche Edelstahlwerke | 650–850 MPa94–123 ksi | ≥450 MPa≥65 ksi | ≥15 % | Impact ≥25 J (ISO-V) |
| Hardened and tempered (X12Cr12)Specified, sheet, plate, strip, bar and flatIS 1570 (Part 5):1985, Table 4 | 590–780 MPa86–113 ksi | ≥410 MPa≥59 ksi | ≥16 % | — |
| Annealed (X12Cr12)Specified minimums, bar and flat; reduction of area ≥45 %IS 1570 (Part 5):1985, Table 3 | ≥483 MPa≥70 ksi | ≥276 MPa≥40 ksi | ≥20 % | — |
| Hardened and tempered (SUS410)Specified minimums, bar; reduction of area ≥55 %JIS G 4303 as given by Nose Stainless | ≥540 MPa≥78 ksi | ≥345 MPa≥50 ksi | ≥25 % | ≥159 HBW (annealed ≤200 HBW) |
In practice
Behaviour, heat treatment and uses
Characteristics
- Contains about 12 % chromium, just enough for stainless behaviour. Corrosion resistance is best when the steel is hardened, tempered and polished (Atlas).
- Resists dry air, fresh water, mild alkalis and acids, food, steam and hot gases. Resistance is lower than the austenitic grades and lower than 17 % chromium ferritic grades such as 430 (Atlas).
- Hardenable by quenching and tempering, unlike 430 and the 300 series. It gives the lowest hardened strength of the 410, 420 and 431 family.
- Ferromagnetic in the annealed and the hardened conditions. All non-austenitic stainless steels are strongly attracted to a magnet (Atlas).
- Scales little up to about 650 °C. Avoid long exposure between about 400 and 580 °C, where tempering gives low toughness (Atlas) and 475 °C embrittlement can occur (DEW).
- Deutsche Edelstahlwerke rates 1.4006 weldability as very good. It still calls for preheat of about 100–300 °C and a post-weld temper or anneal, as Atlas does. A 309 filler gives a ductile joint if the part is not heat treated afterwards.
- Easy to machine annealed or highly tempered. Machining becomes harder above about 30 HRC. 416 is the free-machining alternative.
Heat treatment
- Full annealing: about 815–900 °C, slow furnace cool to 600 °C, then air (Atlas). Process annealing: about 650–760 °C, air cool.
- Hardening: about 925–1010 °C, quench in oil or air; oil for heavy sections (Atlas). DEW gives 950–1000 °C.
- Tempering: about 200–400 °C for the highest strength and hardness. For the +QT650 condition, DEW gives 680–780 °C.
- Avoid tempering between about 400 and 580 °C because impact toughness drops (Atlas).
- Hot forming: heat slowly to about 800 °C, then to 1150–1180 °C. Forge down to about 950 °C and cool slowly (DEW).
استخدامات نموذجية
- Bolts, nuts, screws and bushings
- Pump and valve parts and shafts
- Steam and gas turbine parts
- Petroleum fractionating towers
- Kitchen fittings, cutlery blanks and decorative parts
Stainless steels
Similar grades compared
| الدرجة | C % | Mn % | Cr % | Ni % | Tensile, first listed condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 410 / 1.4006 | 0.08–0.15 | ≤1.00 | 11.5–13.5 | ≤0.75 | ≥480 MPa |
| 420 / 1.4021 | ≥0.15 | ≤1.00 | 12.0–14.0 | ≤1.0 | 655 MPa |
| 431 / 1.4057 | ≤0.20 | ≤1.00 | 15.0–17.0 | 1.25–2.50 | 862 MPa |
| 201 / 1.4372 | ≤0.15 | 5.50–7.50 | 16.0–18.0 | 3.5–5.5 | ≥515 MPa |
| 301 / 1.4310 | ≤0.15 | ≤2.00 | 16.0–18.0 | 6.0–8.0 | ≥515 MPa |
| 303 / 1.4305 | ≤0.15 | ≤2.0 | 17.0–19.0 | 8.0–10.0 | 650 MPa |
| 304 / 1.4301 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0–10.5 | ≥515 MPa |
| 304L / 1.4307 | ≤0.030 | ≤2.00 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0–12.0 | ≥485 MPa |
| 309 / 309S | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 22.0–24.0 | 12.0–15.0 | ≥515 MPa |
| 310 / 310S | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 24.0–26.0 | 19.0–22.0 | ≥515 MPa |
Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.
أسئلة وأجوبة
Common questions
Is 410 stainless steel magnetic?
Yes. 410 is ferromagnetic annealed and hardened, as are 420, 430, 431 and 17-4PH. Only the austenitic 300 series is non-magnetic when annealed.
What is the equivalent of 410 stainless steel?
1.4006 (X12Cr13) in the EN standards, 410S21 in the old BS 970, X12Cr12 in IS 1570 and SUS410 in JIS. These are close equivalents with slightly different limits for carbon, manganese and nickel.
Can 410 be hardened by heat treatment?
Yes. Heat to about 925–1010 °C, quench in oil or air, then temper. Strength reaches about 1300 MPa after tempering at 204 °C, with about 388 HB. Avoid tempering between 400 and 580 °C.
What is the difference between 410 and 304?
304 is austenitic with 18 % chromium and 8 % nickel. It resists corrosion better, welds more easily and is non-magnetic when annealed. 410 has about 12 % chromium and no nickel. It is magnetic, hardens by heat treatment and reaches higher strength.
Is 410 weldable?
Yes, by standard methods. Deutsche Edelstahlwerke rates 1.4006 weldability as very good, but the heat-affected zone hardens and can crack. Preheat to about 100–300 °C and temper or anneal after welding. A 309 filler gives a ductile joint when no further heat treatment follows.
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Related references
References
Sources
- Atlas Steels, Stainless Steel 410 Grade Data Sheet (revised 28/04/2021) — ASTM A276 composition and Condition A, tempering table, heat treatment, welding, corrosion.
- Deutsche Edelstahlwerke (Swiss Steel Group), 1.4006 X12Cr13 data sheet — EN 10088-3 conditions, heat treatment, forging, welding, magnetism.
- Euro Inox, Stainless Steel: Tables of Technical Properties (2nd edition, 2007) — EN 10088 composition limits and EN 10088-2 flat-product mechanical properties.
- Outokumpu: Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards — EN, ASTM, UNS, JIS and BS cross-reference; EN and ASTM minimum properties for flat products.
- Nose Stainless: steel types, composition and mechanical properties (JIS G 4303 reference sheet) — JIS G 4303 composition, heat treatment and mechanical properties for bar. Catalog reproducing the JIS values.
- Bureau of Indian Standards, IS 1570 (Part 5):1985 Schedules for wrought steels, stainless and heat-resisting steels (Public.Resource.Org copy) — Table 1 composition, Tables 2 to 4 mechanical properties and Table 7 heat treatment.
- Atlas Steels Technical Handbook of Stainless Steels (revised 12/08/2021) — Grade comparison (BS, EN, JIS), magnetic response and family characteristics. Distributor handbook quoting ASTM values.
- Aalco: stainless steel EN standards for bar — BS 970 designations with the superseded 1955 EN numbers (56A, 56B, 56D, 57, 60). Stockist table.
- West Yorkshire Steel: international stainless steel cross-reference — BS 970, W.Nr, DIN, JIS and AFNOR cross-reference. Stockist table.
- MARKS GmbH: Werkstoffblatt 1.4006 X12Cr13 — EN 10088 limits for silicon, manganese, phosphorus and sulphur (bars).
Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.