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Resources/Materials & grades/316Ti / 1.4571

Materials & grades

316Ti stainless steel: equivalents 1.4571 (X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2), SUS316Ti and 320S31

316Ti is a titanium-stabilised version of 316 stainless steel: the same 16–18 % chromium, 10–14 % nickel and 2–3 % molybdenum analysis with titanium added to tie up carbon. It keeps its resistance to intergranular corrosion after welding and in service at 425–815 °C, and the counterparts are 1.4571 (X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2) in Europe and SUS316Ti in Japan.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormaMatch
USAAISI/ASTM316TiASTM A240 (plate, sheet, strip); A276 (bar)Same material
UNSS31635—Same material
AISI/ASTM316Unstabilised base grade (UNS S31600) without titanium. See the 316 entry.—Closest equivalent
AISI/ASTM316LLow-carbon way of avoiding sensitisation instead of stabilising with titanium (UNS S31603). See the 316L entry.—Closest equivalent
UKBS (withdrawn)320S31Withdrawn British name listed for 316Ti and 1.4571 by Outokumpu and Atlas. Deutsche Edelstahlwerke also lists 320S18, and some distributors give 320S17. New orders use EN 10088.—Equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 nameX6CrNiMoTi17-12-2Nickel 10.50–13.50 % and molybdenum 2.00–2.50 % against 10.0–14.0 % and 2.00–3.00 % in ASTM A240.EN 10088-2; EN 10088-3Equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.4571Material number of X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2.EN 10088-2; EN 10088-3Equivalent
DIN 17440 (legacy)X10CrNiMoTi18-10Superseded German name for 1.4571 as listed by Atlas Steels. Use the EN name.—Closest equivalent
ÍndiaIS 1570 (Part 5)X04Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti2Titanium limit is 5×C to 0.80 %, against 0.70 % in ASTM A240 and EN 10088. Printed in Tables 3 and 7 of the standard as X04Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti2.IS 1570 (Part 5):1985Equivalent
JapanJIS G 4303 / G 4304 / G 4305SUS316TiTitanium is set at 5×C minimum with no upper limit in the JIS table read (Nose reference sheet); ASTM A240 caps it at 0.70 %.JIS G 4303 (bar); JIS G 4304 / G 4305 (plate, sheet, strip)Equivalent

On equivalence

  • 316Ti, 316L and 316 share the same chromium, nickel and molybdenum ranges in ASTM A240. They differ in how they avoid sensitisation: 316Ti uses titanium, 316L uses carbon of 0.030 % or less, and plain 316 uses neither.
  • 1.4571 (X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2) caps molybdenum at 2.50 %, against 3.00 % in ASTM A240, and raises the chromium floor to 16.50 %. Its titanium minimum is 5×C; ASTM A240 uses 5×(C+N) and adds a nitrogen limit of 0.10 %.
  • 320S31 is the old British name and is withdrawn. Mills list it as the equivalent, but sources also give 320S17 and 320S18. Use EN 10088 for new orders.
  • Outokumpu's table prints S32100 against 1.4571. That is the UNS number of 321, not 316Ti; the 316Ti number is S31635, as the same table's property section shows.
  • Indian X04Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti2 comes from IS 1570 (Part 5):1985. IS 6911 (plate, sheet, strip) has its own naming that was not read for this entry.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

Element316Ti (S31635)USA · ASTM A240X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 (1.4571)EU · EN 10088-2 flat products (cast analysis)X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 (1.4571)EU · EN 10088-3 bars and sections (heat analysis)X04Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti2Índia · IS 1570 (Part 5):1985SUS316TiJapan · JIS G 4303 (bar), as tabulated in the Nose reference sheet
C≤0.08≤0.08≤0.08≤0.08≤0.08
Si≤0.75≤1.00≤1.00≤1.0≤1.00
Mn≤2.00≤2.00≤2.00≤2.0≤2.00
P≤0.045≤0.045≤0.045≤0.045≤0.045
S≤0.030≤0.015≤0.030≤0.030≤0.030
Cr16.0–18.016.50–18.5016.50–18.5016.0–18.016.00–18.00
Ni10.0–14.010.50–13.5010.50–13.5010.0–14.010.00–14.00
Mo2.00–3.002.00–2.502.00–2.502.0–3.02.00–3.00
N≤0.10————
Ti5×(C+N)–0.705×C–0.705×C–0.705×C–0.80≥5×C

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
AnnealedSpecified minimums, plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240); hardness is a maximumASTM A240, via Atlas Steels Section 9≥515 MPa≥75 ksi≥205 MPa≥30 ksi≥40 %≤217 HB (≤95 HRB)
AnnealedTypical values for plate, sheet and strip, not a specificationATI datasheet for 316Ti, via Combined Metals620 MPa90 ksi248 MPa36 ksi54 %76 HRB
Annealed bar (A276)Specified minimums, all sizesASTM A276, via Deutsche Edelstahlwerke datasheet Acidur 4571 (reduction of area ≥50 %)≥515 MPa≥75 ksi≥205 MPa≥30 ksi≥40 %—
Solution annealed (+AT)Specified, bar and sections up to 160 mm, longitudinal test; hardness is a maximumEN 10088-3, via Deutsche Edelstahlwerke datasheet Acidur 4571500–700 MPa73–102 ksi≥200 MPa≥29 ksi≥40 %≤215 HB
Solution annealed (+AT)Specified, hot rolled plate up to 75 mm, transverse testEN 10088-2, via thyssenkrupp Schulte datasheet 1.4571520–670 MPa75–97 ksi≥220 MPa≥32 ksi≥40 %—
Solution annealed (+AT)Specified, cold rolled strip up to 6 mm, transverse testEN 10088-2, via thyssenkrupp Schulte datasheet 1.4571540–690 MPa78–100 ksi≥240 MPa≥35 ksi≥40 %—
Solution treatedSpecified, JIS table in the Nose reference sheet (it gives reduction of area, so it is the bar standard JIS G 4303; plate limits in JIS G 4304 / G 4305 were not read); hardness is a maximumJIS, via Nose Stainless reference sheet (reduction of area ≥50 %)≥520 MPa≥75 ksi≥205 MPa≥30 ksi≥40 %≤187 HBW (≤90 HRBW)
Annealed plate, sheet and strip (X04Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti2)Specified minimums; hardness is a maximumIS 1570 (Part 5):1985, Table 2≥515 MPa≥75 ksi≥205 MPa≥30 ksi≥40 %≤217 HB (≤95 HRB)
Annealed bars and flats (X04Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti2)Specified minimums (reduction of area ≥50 %)IS 1570 (Part 5):1985, Table 3≥517 MPa≥75 ksi≥207 MPa≥30 ksi≥40 %—

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Titanium ties up carbon as titanium carbide, so chromium carbide does not form at grain boundaries. Resistance to intergranular corrosion is kept after welding and after service at 425–815 °C, where plain 316 sensitises (ATI, Deutsche Edelstahlwerke).
  • Deutsche Edelstahlwerke rate the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of Acidur 4571 as comparable to their 1.4404 (316L) grade, with a PREN of 23.1–26.7.
  • Elevated-temperature strength: EN 10088-3 sets a minimum 0.2 % proof stress of 135 MPa at 400 °C and 129 MPa at 500 °C (Deutsche Edelstahlwerke).
  • Austenitic and non-hardenable by heat treatment. Magnetic permeability is at most 1.3 and rises with cold work (Deutsche Edelstahlwerke).
  • Weldable with or without filler by TIG, MAG, arc, submerged-arc and laser processes. A 1.4430 filler is recommended, no post-weld treatment is needed and the interpass temperature should stay below 200 °C (Deutsche Edelstahlwerke, thyssenkrupp).
  • Titanium carbonitrides raise tool wear, so machinability is average to poor. The grade cannot be polished to a mirror finish (Deutsche Edelstahlwerke).
  • Density about 8.0 g/cm³, modulus of elasticity 200 GPa and thermal conductivity 15 W/m·K at 20 °C (Deutsche Edelstahlwerke, Outokumpu).

Heat treatment

  • Solution annealing: 1020–1120 °C (1870–2050 °F) with air or water cooling (Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). EN guidance in the thyssenkrupp sheet is 1030–1110 °C. JIS gives 920–1150 °C with rapid cooling.
  • Hot forming: 1200–900 °C (2190–1650 °F) with air cooling (Deutsche Edelstahlwerke); 1150–850 °C in the thyssenkrupp sheet.
  • Forging: heat slowly to 1150–1180 °C and forge between 1180 and 950 °C, then cool in water (Deutsche Edelstahlwerke).
  • No hardening treatment exists. Strength comes from composition and cold work. ATI describes an intermediate-temperature stabilising treatment in which titanium reacts with carbon to form titanium carbide.

Usos típicos

  • Welded vessels, pipework and heat exchangers that cannot be solution annealed after fabrication
  • Plant that runs in the 425–815 °C sensitising range
  • Chemical, petrochemical, food, pharmaceutical and fibre plant
  • Chemical tankers and shipbuilding, and architectural cladding, doors and armatures

Stainless steels

Similar grades compared

GrauC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
316Ti / 1.4571≤0.08≤2.0016.0–18.010.0–14.0≥515 MPa
201 / 1.4372≤0.155.50–7.5016.0–18.03.5–5.5≥515 MPa
301 / 1.4310≤0.15≤2.0016.0–18.06.0–8.0≥515 MPa
303 / 1.4305≤0.15≤2.017.0–19.08.0–10.0650 MPa
304 / 1.4301≤0.08≤2.0018.0–20.08.0–10.5≥515 MPa
304L / 1.4307≤0.030≤2.0018.0–20.08.0–12.0≥485 MPa
309 / 309S≤0.08≤2.0022.0–24.012.0–15.0≥515 MPa
310 / 310S≤0.08≤2.0024.0–26.019.0–22.0≥515 MPa
316 / 1.4401≤0.08≤2.0016.0–18.010.0–14.0≥515 MPa
316L≤0.030≤2.0016.0–18.010.0–14.0≥485 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Perguntas respondidas

Common questions

What is the equivalent of 316Ti stainless steel?

1.4571 (X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2) in Europe, SUS316Ti in Japan, X04Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti2 in India and 320S31 in old British standards. The EN grade caps molybdenum at 2.50 % against 3.00 % for ASTM 316Ti.

What is the difference between 316Ti and 316L?

Both resist intergranular corrosion in welds but by different means. 316L holds carbon to 0.030 % or less; 316Ti has up to 0.08 % carbon and uses titanium to bind it. 316Ti keeps that protection after long service at 425–815 °C and has higher minimum strength (515 MPa tensile and 205 MPa yield against 485 and 170 MPa for 316L).

Is 316Ti the same as 1.4571?

They are close equivalents but not identical. 1.4571 requires 16.5–18.5 % chromium, 10.5–13.5 % nickel and 2.0–2.5 % molybdenum; ASTM A240 316Ti allows 16.0–18.0 %, 10.0–14.0 % and 2.0–3.0 %. Many mills certify one analysis to both.

Is 316Ti weldable?

Yes. Deutsche Edelstahlwerke rate its weldability as excellent. It welds with or without filler, a 1.4430 filler is recommended and no heat treatment after welding is required.

Why use 316Ti instead of 316L?

Use it where the part will see the sensitising range of 425–815 °C in service, or where a stabilised grade with up to 0.08 % carbon is specified. For ordinary welded parts that run cold, 316L is the usual choice.

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316 / 1.4401Type 316 is the standard molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel, with about 2% molybdenum for better resistance to chlorides than 304.316L316L is the low-carbon version of 316 stainless steel: the same molybdenum-bearing austenitic analysis with carbon held to 0.03 % or less.321321 is a titanium-stabilised 18/8 austenitic stainless steel that resists intergranular corrosion after heating in the 425–850 °C range.304 / 1.4301Type 304 is the standard 18/8 austenitic stainless steel, with about 18% chromium and 8% nickel, and the most widely used stainless grade.347 / 1.4550347 is a niobium-stabilised 18-10 austenitic stainless steel, the same family as 304 and 321.904L / 1.4539904L is a high-alloy austenitic stainless steel with about 20 % chromium, 25 % nickel, 4.5 % molybdenum and 1.5 % copper.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.BS 970 and the EN seriesBS 970 names steels with a six-character code such as 080M40, in which the first three digits give the steel type, the letter says how the steel is specified and the last two digits give the carbon content.IS 1570 and Indian designationsIndian steel names follow the letter-symbol code in IS 1762 (Part 1), which the IS 1570 schedules use: 45C8 means about 0.45% carbon, C for carbon steel and about 0.8% manganese, while alloy names such as 40Cr4Mo3 list each element with a multiplied content figure.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. Outokumpu: Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards — Cross-reference of EN, ASTM, UNS and JIS names with the superseded British, DIN and French names; EN and ASTM minimum properties for plate; Outokumpu typical values.
  2. Atlas Steels, Product Reference Manual Section 9: stainless steel properties and equivalent grades — UNS, old British BS, Euronorm and JIS cross-reference, with ASTM A240 composition and specified mechanical properties. States that cross-references are approximate.
  3. Deutsche Edelstahlwerke (Swiss Steel Group): Acidur 4571 technical data sheet X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 (2019) — EN 10088-3 and ASTM A276 composition and mechanical properties, UNS, BS, JIS and AFNOR names, PREN, heat treatment, welding and forging.
  4. thyssenkrupp Schulte: Werkstoffdatenblatt 1.4571 (04/2020) — EN composition by product form, mechanical properties by product form, solution annealing, hot forming and welding.
  5. Combined Metals: Alloy 316Ti stainless steel data sheet (ATI source, 2024) — ASTM A240 composition, ATI typical annealed properties, stabilisation by titanium.
  6. Euro Inox: Stainless Steel: Tables of Technical Properties (2nd edition, 2007; Cedinox copy) — EN 10088 cast-analysis limits and minimum mechanical properties by product form for the EN grade, with the matching AISI/ASTM name.
  7. Bureau of Indian Standards, IS 1570 (Part 5):1985 Schedules for wrought steels, stainless and heat-resisting steels (Public.Resource.Org copy) — Table 1 composition, Table 2 plate, sheet and strip mechanical requirements, Table 3 bar and flat requirements. Figures read from page images of the scan.
  8. Nose Stainless: steel types, composition and mechanical properties (JIS reference sheet) — JIS composition, solution-treatment range, 0.2 % proof stress, tensile strength, elongation, reduction of area and hardness for the stainless plate grades, including SUS316Ti, SUS347 and SUS890L.
  9. Nippon Steel: stainless steel pipe and tube grade list (catalog P007) — Names 316Ti, 347, 347H and 904L against UNS, EN and JIS (SUS316Ti, SUS347, SUS347H, SUS890L) with tube composition and minimum strength.
  10. ICAST: ASTM A240 UNS S31635 — Second source for A240 316Ti composition (titanium 5×(C+N) minimum, nitrogen 0.10 maximum) and 515 / 205 / 40 / 217 HB minimums.
  11. Standards Comparison, AWS Welding Forum attachment (Euronorm, BS, JIS cross-reference) — Lists 316Ti / 1.4571 against BS 320 S 18 and 320 S 31 and SUS 316Ti.
  12. Zhejiang Guanyu Stainless Steel Tube Co.: EN 10088-2 (2005) composition and mechanical tables — Second source for 1.4571, 1.4550 and 1.4539 minimum proof stress, tensile range and elongation by product form.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.