The components behind the trellis.

Vertical Shoot Positioning trains vine shoots up a single narrow canopy, held between catch wires above the fruiting wire. That upright shape keeps fruit in even light for consistent ripening and leaves the row clear for a mechanical harvester to run straight through — which is why it's become the default trellis for wine grapes in cool-climate regions worldwide.

Line Posts run the length of the row, spaced to carry the wire framework at a steady height, while the heavier End Posts at each row's finish absorb the pull of every wire tensioned against them. Earth Anchors screwed into the ground behind those end posts keep that tension from dragging the row out of line season after season, and U Bolts do the actual work of clipping the fruiting and catch wires to each post so the canopy holds its shape through pruning and harvest.

Scott-Henry splits the canopy by training upward- and downward-facing shoots from bilateral cordons, so both sides get direct light exposure instead of one canopy shading the other. The open arrangement lets air move through the fruiting zone, which cuts disease pressure and keeps fruit quality consistent even on vigorous sites where single-canopy training would create dense, humid conditions.

Rolled Edge and Flat-Edge Line Posts at 16–20 foot spacing anchor the bilateral cordon structure, while End Posts at row terminations carry the weight and tension from downward-trained canes. Earth Anchors grip the end posts to resist that load, and U Bolts secure the cordon and shoot-support wires that hold the split canopy in its trained position.

Geneva Double Curtain positions parallel bilateral cordons high on the posts, with shoots trained downward and inward so they form two vertical fruiting planes facing each other across an air gap. That elevated geometry and split arrangement expose more fruit surface to direct sun while the enclosed canopy beneath protects developing clusters from sunburn—a configuration that works on vigorous sites where yields can run high.

Robust Rolled Edge and Flat-Edge Line Posts at 16–20 foot spacing support the high-cordon tension loads, while End Posts at row terminations are anchored by Earth Anchors to prevent lateral movement under the elevated canopy weight. U Bolts fasten the high-cordon wires and the inward-trained cane supports that hold the two fruiting planes in position.

Lyre canopies diverge a single trunk into two bilateral cordons that spread outward and upward in a U or V shape, with shoots trained up and out from each arm. That open geometry lets light reach the interior of the canopy and air to flow where it's needed, protecting developing fruit from sunburn while making efficient canopy work and selective harvesting possible without cramped working space.

Rolled Edge and Flat-Edge Line Posts at 16–20 foot spacing anchor the diverging cordon structure against the outward pull, while Earth Anchors at row ends resist the spreading loads that naturally want to drive the cordons apart. U Bolts secure the bilateral cordon wires and divergence support framework that hold the U-shape open and stable.

Parral systems train vines horizontally over overhead pergola structures, spreading canes and shoots across multiple wire levels above head height to form a dense canopy roof. That horizontal orientation and overhead coverage maximize the vine's growing surface per linear foot of row, capturing sunlight across a much larger leaf area—a design developed in Spain that delivers premium yields wherever the climate and labor availability align.

Rolled Edge and Flat-Edge Line Posts, often taller variants, serve as primary support posts for the overhead framework, while Cross Arms at multiple heights provide horizontal ledges for the wires supporting the dense canopy burden. Earth Anchors at row ends resist the substantial overhead tension loads, and U Bolts fasten the multiple overhead wire levels that carry the vines and fruit weight.

Arch-Cane systems train bilateral cordons in an arching pattern, allowing shoots and fruiting canes to rise upward and then drape overhead in a natural arc. That arched shape collects more fruiting wood in the overhead space where light is strongest, channeling the vine's energy into a canopy that hangs heavy with fruit on vigorous sites—a configuration that rewards hand-harvest operations where labor can work the overhead space efficiently.

Rolled Edge and Flat-Edge Line Posts at 16–20 foot spacing provide primary structural support for cordon tension, while Earth Anchors at row ends anchor end posts against the high-cordon loads. Cross Arms may support the arching cane structure or anchor upper wire levels that guide the fruit-bearing canes into their overhead position, and U Bolts fasten wires and cane supports to posts.

Single High Wire is the simplest trellis design: a single fruiting wire positioned high, bilateral cordons trained to that wire, and minimal restraint on shoot growth beyond that point. Shoots sprawl naturally with few catch wires or training demands, making this system low-cost and mechanizable—ideal for bulk-wine production and high-yield vineyard blocks where simplicity and speed matter more than fine canopy control.

Rolled Edge and Flat-Edge Line Posts at wider spacing provide primary support, while Earth Anchors anchor row-end posts against the single-wire tension. U Bolts fasten the high fruiting wire to posts, creating a straightforward framework that requires less infrastructure than premium systems but delivers yields and mechanical harvest compatibility that bulk producers need.

Smart-Dyson delivers the benefits of canopy division—separated upright and downward-trained shoots, improved light exposure, reduced disease—using a simpler wire array and lower infrastructure than full Scott-Henry designs. That simplified fruiting zone and reduced wire complexity make vertical canopy separation accessible to growers who want light and air penetration without the expense and installation work of premium systems.

Rolled Edge and Flat-Edge Line Posts at 16–20 foot spacing provide the main support structure, while Earth Anchors secure end posts against the canopy-separation loads. U Bolts fasten the bilateral cordon and shoot-training wires that hold the simplified divided canopy in place, keeping setup and maintenance straightforward.

Open Gable positions posts at angles to form a V-shaped frame with fruiting wires trained up both sides, creating an airy, high-light canopy geometry that keeps fruit and foliage separated and disease-free. The V-structure lets air and sun reach every part of the canopy, making it essential for table-grape quality and adapted widely for dried-on-vine raisin systems in California's Central Valley where air circulation and light exposure drive fruit quality.

Line Posts angled at precise angles form the V-structure framework, while Cross Arms stabilize the V-divergence geometry and support multiple fruiting wire levels. Earth Anchors at row ends resist the angled-post tension loads that want to push the V wider, and U Bolts fasten the bilateral fruiting wires to both sides of the V-frame so canes stay in their trained positions.

Expanded Vertical Trellis extends VSP's capacity for high-vigor sites where standard infrastructure would struggle with excess leaf area and fruiting potential. The system uses expanded wire and catch-wire arrays to manage that additional canopy mass while preserving VSP's light-exposure and mechanization advantages—keeping quality high even where vigor control alone would otherwise limit what the vineyard can produce.

Rolled Edge and Flat-Edge Line Posts at standard spacing provide enhanced structural support through expanded wire arrays, while Earth Anchors at row ends resist increased tension loads from the expanded canopy mass. U Bolts fasten the extended wire arrays that distribute the additional fruiting and foliage weight, preserving the vertical canopy structure as the vine expresses its full potential.

Dried-on-Vine raisin systems use the Open Gable V-structure to position canes destined for drying on lower wires while upper wires hold fresh fruit for harvest, creating a vertical separation that lets air and sun dry the lower canes while the upper canopy ripens normally. That split positioning on the same plant maximizes yield per acre by harvesting two crops from one vine—dried fruit on the bottom, fresh-picked on top—leveraging the V-geometry's natural air circulation to complete on-vine drying in a single pass.

Line Posts angled to form the V-geometry framework create the cane-positioning architecture essential for raisin drying, while Cross Arms stabilize the V-structure and support the multi-wire configuration required for raisin cane management across both levels. Earth Anchors at row ends resist substantial end-post loads from cane weight and the pull of drying tension, and U Bolts fasten the multiple fruiting wires to post and cross-arm support points that hold both cane levels in place.

Overhead Pergola systems train vines horizontally over flat or peaked structures with multiple overhead wire levels, extending the vine's growing surface upward and outward to maximize both yield and sun exposure for dried-on-vine raisins. The horizontal canopy layout captures light across a much larger area than vertical systems, allowing more canes and more fruit to ripen uniformly—a configuration that carries higher capital and installation costs but justifies investment on large-scale operations where specialized harvest equipment and premium yields make the overhead structure pay.

Tall Rolled Edge and Flat-Edge Line Posts serve as primary structural anchors for the overhead framework, while Cross Arms at multiple heights provide support ledges for the wire levels that the vines train across. Earth Anchors at row ends resist the substantial overhead tension loads that accumulate from vines and heavy fruit hanging above, and U Bolts fasten the multiple wire levels to posts and cross-arms, distributing the load across the entire overhead structure.

T-Trellis positions a horizontal crossbar at post-top with bilateral cordons trained along that cross-arm, creating a flat-topped framework with shoots trained upward from the horizontal cordon wires. That T-shaped geometry lets mechanical pruning and harvesting equipment move through rows without tangling in overhead growth, while the horizontal orientation of cordons on the crossbar lets growers position fruit clusters in an accessible plane—a configuration proven over decades in table-grape production where quality and mechanization go hand in hand.

Robust Rolled Edge and Flat-Edge Line Posts at standard spacing provide primary structural support for table-grape canopy loads, while Cross Arms form the horizontal T-top that supports bilateral cordon wires and defines canopy width. Earth Anchors anchor row-end posts against cumulative wire tension, and U Bolts fasten wires to posts and cross-arms, with optional T Post Caps finishing post tops to extend structural lifespan.

Tatura trellis systems position angled posts to form a V-shaped wall in which trees train flat against the trellis structure, creating a formal orchard wall that concentrates fruit in a two-dimensional plane. That high-density planting geometry and flat-fruit layout reduce pruning and training labor by standardizing tree form, while positioning every fruit in direct light rather than buried in canopy—delivering both labor efficiency and the consistent quality that buyers expect from intensively managed stone fruit and pome orchards.

Line Posts angled to create the V-wall structure form the orchard framework, while Cross Arms support horizontal cordon wire anchoring and stabilize the V-divergence geometry that keeps trees upright against the training wires. Earth Anchors at row ends anchor end posts against the substantial lateral loads created by angled posts and the fruit-wall tension, and U Bolts fasten bilateral cordon and training wires that hold each tree in its formal wall position.

Espalier systems train fruit trees flat against wire frameworks in formal geometric patterns—horizontal cordon, fan, candelabra, diamond, basketweave—creating a living sculpture that merges horticulture with visual elegance. Trees train in strict 2D geometry, positioning every branch and every fruit in direct light and within arm's reach for selective hand harvest, making espalier ideal for specialty markets and ornamental applications where quality and visual form command premium prices, though the labor investment to establish and maintain the training is substantial.

Rolled Edge and Flat-Edge Line Posts at short intervals form the vertical trellis frame, while Pencil Rods or Cut Rebar provide horizontal training guides that guide branches into their geometric formations. Earth Anchors anchor end posts if the trellis is freestanding against wind load, and U Bolts secure training wires and branch-training tie-downs that hold each branch in its precisely positioned place.

High-density apple systems train dwarf or semi-dwarf trees in vertical 'fruiting wall' or 'spindle' configurations with multiple horizontal wires supporting lateral branches at each tree's individual level, creating a narrow, intensely managed fruiting corridor. That dense multi-wire geometry and rootstock choice enables rapid production return from younger trees and mechanized pruning efficiency, concentrating yield in a footprint that compact land values demand while keeping fruit quality consistent through controlled growth and light exposure.

Robust Rolled Edge and Flat-Edge Line Posts provide primary structural support for the multi-wire array that runs the height of the row, carrying the distributed load of branches and fruit across each level. Earth Anchors at row ends resist high tensile loads from the densely wired canopy, and U Bolts fasten multiple horizontal wires to posts while providing tree tie-down attachment points that guide individual tree training upward through the system.

Caneberry trellising takes three primary forms—I-trellis (simple two-wire hedgerow for primocanes), V-trellis (angled posts separating floricanes from growing primocanes on different wires), and T-trellis (horizontal cross-arms opening the canopy and enabling mechanical harvest compatibility). Modern systems often feature rotating cross-arms that let growers reposition canes for frost protection or adjust spacing for harvest efficiency, adapting the same post-line structure to different management needs based on season and market demands.

Rolled Edge and Flat-Edge Line Posts at standard spacing provide main structural support across all three configurations, while Cross Arms form the T-trellis horizontal geometry or support extended canopy structures in rotating designs. Earth Anchors anchor row-end posts against row-end tension and wind load, and U Bolts fasten the hedgerow wires or support cross-arm attachment points that hold canes in their training positions.

Kiwifruit systems employ two distinct structural architectures: T-Bar (vertical posts topped with a horizontal crossbar that supports wires running along its length) and Pergola (overhead arbor with canes trained horizontally across the roof structure). Kiwifruit vines produce exceptionally heavy fruit loads—mature plants can exceed 50 pounds per vine—driving the need for robust structural engineering. T-Bar systems minimize space and material while supporting that heavy fruit; Pergola systems maximize yield potential and canopy surface area for light exposure, justifying the higher capital investment and installation complexity on large-scale operations.

Robust Rolled Edge and Flat-Edge Line Posts at standard spacing provide primary structural support for both systems, anchoring either the T-bar cross-arm or the overhead pergola framework. Cross Arms form the horizontal T-bar top or support multiple overhead wire levels in pergola configurations that distribute the heavy fruit load across the full overhead structure. Earth Anchors at row ends resist high tension loads from mature vines with heavy seasonal fruit burden, and U Bolts fasten horizontal wire supports to posts and cross-arms, holding the canopy geometry stable through harvest.