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Resources/Materials & grades/S420 / E410

Materials & grades

S420N / S420M / IS 2062 E410 high-strength structural steel

S420N and S420M are fine-grain weldable structural steels of EN 10025-3 and EN 10025-4 with a minimum yield of 420 MPa (61 ksi) up to 16 mm. IS 2062 E410, ASTM A572 Grade 60 and JIS SM520 are the nearest equivalents, but none matches them exactly.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormMatch
USAASTMA572 Grade 6060 ksi (415 MPa) minimum yield and 520 MPa tensile minimum; available only to about 32 mm and not tested for impact in the base specification.ASTM A572/A572MClosest equivalent
UKBS EN 10025-3S420N / S420NLNormalized or normalized-rolled. NL adds impact testing to −50 °C.BS EN 10025-3Same material
BS EN 10025-4S420M / S420MLThermomechanically rolled. ML adds impact testing to −50 °C.BS EN 10025-4Same material
BS 4360 (legacy)55CWithdrawn. 55C has a 450 MPa minimum yield and Dillinger pairs it with S460N, so it is a stronger steel than S420 and not a counterpart. It is listed only because older charts place grade 55 steels near S420.BS 4360Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 nameS420NEN 10025-3Same material
EN 10027-2 number1.8902Material number of S420N.EN 10025-3Same material
EN 10027-1 nameS420NLEN 10025-3Same material
EN 10027-2 number1.8912Material number of S420NL.EN 10025-3Same material
EN 10027-1 nameS420MEN 10025-4Same material
EN 10027-2 number1.8825Material number of S420M.EN 10025-4Same material
EN 10027-1 nameS420MLEN 10025-4Same material
EN 10027-2 number1.8836Material number of S420ML.EN 10025-4Same material
EN 10113 / DIN 17102 (legacy)StE 420 / TStE 420Superseded names. EN 10113 was replaced by EN 10025-3 and EN 10025-4 in 2004.EN 10113-2, EN 10113-3Equivalent
IndiaIS 2062E410 (A, BR, B0, C)410 MPa yield against 420 MPa, 540 MPa tensile minimum with no maximum, and no fine-grain requirement. Also written Fe 540 in older editions.IS 2062:2011Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 3106SM520B / SM520CYield 365 MPa to 16 mm and tensile 520–640 MPa; well below the 420 MPa yield of S420. B and C are tested at 0 °C (27 J and 47 J).JIS G 3106Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • No equivalent is identical. S420N/M have a 420 MPa yield and a 520 MPa tensile minimum with guaranteed −20 °C toughness; A572 Grade 60, IS 2062 E410 and JIS SM520 differ in yield, tensile range or toughness.
  • A572 Grade 60 has a 415 MPa yield but is limited to about 32 mm and has no impact test; thicker plate usually moves to normalized grades such as ASTM A633.
  • IS 2062 E410 has a 410 MPa yield (to 20 mm), a 540 MPa tensile minimum and a looser, non-fine-grain chemistry. It is not a normalized fine-grain steel.
  • JIS SM520 has a minimum yield of only 365 MPa to 16 mm; it is closer to S355 in yield but tensile range is similar to S420.
  • BS 4360 55C (450 MPa yield) is paired with S460N by Dillinger, so it is not a counterpart of S420. StE 420 maps to S420N and TStE 420 to S420NL.
  • S420N and S420M are different delivery routes, not interchangeable without checking composition and CEV for welding.
  • Salzgitter and British Steel declare slightly different P and S limits for N and M grades; check the edition and the producer's declaration.
  • The Charpy value for IS 2062 E410 (25 J) is from the public copy of the standard and should be checked against the current edition.
  • IS 2062:2011 sets a carbon equivalent of ≤0.50 % for E410; a Tata Steel FAQ quotes 0.44 %.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

ElementA572 Grade 60, up to 32 mmUSA · ASTM A572/A572MS420N (1.8902), plate up to 25 mmEU · EN 10025-3 as declared by SalzgitterS420M (1.8825), sections up to 120 mmEU · EN 10025-4 as declared by British SteelE410India · IS 2062:2011SM520B / SM520C, up to 100 mmJapan · JIS G 3106
C≤0.26≤0.20≤0.16≤0.20≤0.20
Si≤0.40≤0.60≤0.50—≤0.55
Mn≤1.351.00–1.70≤1.70—≤1.65
P≤0.030 (≤0.040 for shapes, sheet piling and bars)≤0.030≤0.030—≤0.035
S≤0.030 (≤0.050 for shapes, sheet piling and bars)≤0.025≤0.025—≤0.035
Cr—≤0.30≤0.30——
Ni—≤0.80≤0.80——
Mo—≤0.10≤0.20——
V—≤0.20≤0.12——
Cu—≤0.55≤0.55——
N—≤0.025≤0.025——
Ti—≤0.05≤0.05——
Nb—≤0.05≤0.050——
CEV—≤0.48≤0.43 (≤16 mm); ≤0.45 (16–40 mm); ≤0.46 (40–63 mm); ≤0.47 (63–120 mm)——
CE———≤0.50—

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Normalized (S420N / NL)Specified, thickness up to 16 mm; elongation 19 % (plate to 25 mm); Charpy 40 J at −20 °C for N (NL tested to −50 °C)EN 10025-3 as declared by Salzgitter and tabulated by Metinvest520–680 MPa75–99 ksi≥420 MPa≥60.9 ksi19 %—
Normalized (S420N / NL)Specified, thickness over 16 to 40 mmEN 10025-3520–680 MPa75–99 ksi≥400 MPa≥58 ksi——
Normalized (S420N / NL)Specified, thickness over 40 to 63 mmEN 10025-3520–680 MPa75–99 ksi≥390 MPa≥56.6 ksi——
Normalized (S420N / NL)Specified, thickness over 63 to 80 mmEN 10025-3 as tabulated by Metinvest520–680 MPa75–99 ksi≥370 MPa≥53.7 ksi——
Normalized (S420N / NL)Specified, thickness over 80 to 100 mmEN 10025-3 as tabulated by Metinvest520–680 MPa75–99 ksi≥360 MPa≥52.2 ksi——
Thermomechanically rolled (S420M / ML)Specified, thickness up to 16 mm; elongation 19 %; Charpy 40 J at −20 °C for M (ML tested to −50 °C)EN 10025-4 as declared by British Steel520–680 MPa75–99 ksi≥420 MPa≥60.9 ksi19 %—
Thermomechanically rolled (S420M / ML)Specified, thickness over 16 to 40 mmEN 10025-4520–680 MPa75–99 ksi≥400 MPa≥58 ksi19 %—
Thermomechanically rolled (S420M / ML)Specified, thickness over 40 to 63 mmEN 10025-4500–660 MPa73–96 ksi≥390 MPa≥56.6 ksi19 %—
Thermomechanically rolled (S420M / ML)Specified, thickness over 63 to 80 mmEN 10025-4480–640 MPa70–93 ksi≥380 MPa≥55.1 ksi19 %—
Thermomechanically rolled (S420M / ML)Specified, thickness over 80 to 100 mmEN 10025-4470–630 MPa68–91 ksi≥370 MPa≥53.7 ksi19 %—
As rolled (ASTM A572 Grade 60)Specified, plate and shapes to about 32 mm; elongation 16 % in 200 mm, 18 % in 50 mm; no Charpy requirementASTM A572/A572M as tabulated by AA Steel≥520 MPa≥75 ksi≥415 MPa≥60 ksi18 %—
As rolled (IS 2062 E410)Specified, thickness up to 20 mm (yield 390 MPa at 20–40 mm, 380 MPa over 40 mm); Charpy 25 J (per the public copy of the standard) at room temperature (BR), 0 °C (B0) or −20 °C (C)IS 2062:2011, Table 2≥540 MPa≥78 ksi≥410 MPa≥59.5 ksi20 %—
As rolled (JIS SM520B / C)Specified, thickness up to 16 mm (yield 355 MPa at 16–40 mm); elongation 15 % for plate over 5 to 16 mm, 19 % over 16 to 40 mm; Charpy B 27 J and C 47 J at 0 °CJIS G 3106 as tabulated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government520–640 MPa75–93 ksi≥365 MPa≥52.9 ksi15 %—

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Fine-grain steels with controlled niobium, vanadium and titanium, giving good toughness and weldability at 420 MPa yield.
  • S420N is normalized or normalized-rolled; S420M is thermomechanically rolled, which allows lower carbon and a lower CEV (0.43 % to 16 mm) for the same strength.
  • Impact tested at −20 °C (40 J) as standard; the NL and ML grades are tested down to −50 °C.
  • Yield falls with thickness (420 MPa to 16 mm, 360–370 MPa at 80–100 mm).
  • Higher CEV than S355 grades, so thick joints often need preheat and controlled interpass temperature.
  • EN 10025-2 does not include an S420 grade; S420 exists only in the normalized and thermomechanical parts.

Heat treatment

  • S420N is delivered normalized or normalized rolled (+N); hot forming should be followed by normalizing to restore properties.
  • S420M gets its properties from thermomechanical rolling and is not suitable for hot forming or stress relief above about 580 °C, which can cost strength.
  • Preheat depends on thickness, hydrogen level and the actual CEV; M grades usually need less than N grades.
  • Cold forming is possible within the limits set by the producer's minimum bend radius.

Typische toepassingen

  • Offshore and wind-tower structures
  • Bridges and heavy-lift girders
  • Crane booms and mobile equipment
  • Heavy welded fabrications where weight saving matters

Structural and plate steels

Similar grades compared

KlasseC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
S420 / E410≤0.26≤1.35≤0.30≤0.80520–680 MPa
A572 Grade 50≤0.23≤1.35——≥450 MPa
A992≤0.230.50–1.60≤0.35≤0.45≥450 MPa
S460 / A572 Gr 65≤0.23≤1.65≤0.30≤0.80540–720 MPa
A36 / S275JR / E250≤0.250.80–1.20——400–550 MPa
S235JR≤0.24≤0.90——360–510 MPa
S355J2≤0.23≤1.35——470–630 MPa
A588 / S355J2W≤0.190.80–1.250.40–0.65≤0.40≥485 MPa
A514 / S690QL0.12–0.210.70–1.000.40–0.650.70–1.00760–895 MPa
A516 Gr 70 / P355GH≤0.27 (to 12.5 mm); ≤0.28 (12.5–50 mm); ≤0.30 (50–100 mm); ≤0.31 (100–200 mm)0.85–1.20≤0.30≤0.30485–620 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

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Common questions

What is the equivalent of S420N?

S420M is the thermomechanical equivalent in EN 10025-4. Outside Europe, ASTM A572 Grade 60, IS 2062 E410 and JIS SM520 are the closest, but their yield, tensile range or toughness differ.

What is the difference between S420N and S420M?

S420N is normalized and S420M is thermomechanically rolled. M grades reach the same 420 MPa with lower carbon and CEV, so they weld more easily. M grades should not be heated above about 580 °C.

Is IS 2062 E410 the same as S420?

No. E410 has a 410 MPa yield and a 540 MPa tensile minimum, but it is not a fine-grain normalized steel and the Charpy qualities differ. It is the nearest Indian grade.

What does the L in S420NL mean?

The L denotes low-temperature toughness. S420NL and S420ML are tested down to −50 °C, while S420N and S420M are tested to −20 °C.

Is there an S420 grade in EN 10025-2?

No. EN 10025-2 covers S185, S235, S275 and S355, with S450J0 in the 2004 edition and S460 and S500 for long products added in 2019. S420 is in EN 10025-3 (normalized) and EN 10025-4 (thermomechanical).

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Keep reading

S355J2S355J2 is a common higher-strength structural steel of EN 10025-2, with a minimum yield of 355 MPa (51 ksi) up to 16 mm and a tensile strength of 470–630 MPa.A572 Grade 50ASTM A572 Grade 50 is a high-strength low-alloy structural steel with a minimum yield of 345 MPa (50 ksi) and a minimum tensile strength of 450 MPa (65 ksi).S460 / A572 Gr 65S460 is a fine-grain structural steel with a 460 MPa minimum yield, supplied normalized (N, NL) to EN 10025-3 or thermomechanically rolled (M, ML) to EN 10025-4.A514 / S690QLASTM A514 and EN 10025-6 S690Q, S690QL and S690QL1 are quenched and tempered alloy steel plates with a minimum yield of about 690 MPa (100 ksi) up to 50–65 mm thick.Structural steel gradesStructural steel grades in the USA, UK, EU, India and Japan line up by minimum yield strength: about 250 MPa (A36, S235/S275, E250, SS400), about 350 MPa (A572 Grade 50 / A992, S355, E350, SM490) and about 410–450 MPa (A572 Grade 60/65, S450, E410/E450, SM570).NormalizingNormalizing heats steel above its upper critical temperature and lets it cool in still air to give a fine, uniform ferrite–pearlite structure.

References

Sources

  1. Salzgitter Flachstahl: declaration of performance, S420N to EN 10025-3 (UKCA) — S420N composition, yield, tensile, elongation, Charpy and CEV for plate to 25 mm.
  2. British Steel: declaration of performance, section S420M / 1.8825 to EN 10025-4 — S420M composition, yield and tensile by thickness, elongation, Charpy and CEV by thickness.
  3. DIN EN 10025-4: thermomechanically rolled weldable fine grain structural steels (catalogue entry) — Scope of the S420M / S420ML grades.
  4. Metinvest: S355J2 steel grade — Yield and tensile by thickness to 400 mm; analogues. Its composition table follows GOST limits and is not used here.
  5. IS 2062:2011 Hot rolled medium and high tensile structural steel (public copy) — Mechanical properties, Charpy and the CE formula. The text layer of Table 1 is garbled, so chemistry per grade is cross-checked with mill sources.
  6. Tata Steel DigECA: IS 2062 E250, E350, E410 steel grades guide — E250, E350, E410 limits and impact qualities (A, BR, B0, C).
  7. AA Steel: ASTM A572 requirements by grade — Grade 42, 50, 60 and 65 composition and tensile requirements (stockist reproduction).
  8. Tokyo Metropolitan Government: construction materials specification, JIS G 3106:2024 welded structural steel — SM400, SM490, SM520: composition, yield and elongation by thickness, Charpy.
  9. Nippon Steel: product catalogue, JIS G 3101 and JIS G 3106 tables — SS400, SM400, SM490, SM520 composition, yield, tensile and elongation to 16 mm.
  10. Wikipedia: A572 steel (table cites ASTM A572/A572M-21) — Grade 42–65 composition with P and S at 0.030 % and mechanical minimums.
  11. ICC: ASTM A572/A572M-18 (code copy) — Footnote allowing 0.04 % P and 0.05 % S for structural shapes, sheet piling and bars (seen as a search extract; the page itself was not readable).
  12. Dillinger: comparison of steel grades (BS 4360, DIN 17100/17102 to EN 10025) — BS 4360 55C paired with S460N; StE 420 paired with S420N and TStE 420 with S420NL.
  13. BSI Knowledge: BS EN 10025-2:2019 (summary of changes) — 2019 edition deleted S450 and added S460 and S500.
  14. Modulus Metal: EN 10025-2 standard guide — Grade list of EN 10025-2 including S460 and S500 for long products.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.