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Resources/Materials & grades/2507 / 1.4410

Materials & grades

2507 super duplex stainless steel: S32750, 1.4410 (X2CrNiMoN25-7-4) and SAF 2507

2507 is a super duplex stainless steel with 25 % chromium, 7 % nickel, 4 % molybdenum and added nitrogen, with a pitting resistance equivalent (PREN) of at least 40. It is UNS S32750 and 1.4410 (X2CrNiMoN25-7-4), sold by Alleima as SAF 2507.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormMatch
USAAISI/ASTM2507Rolled Alloys lists A240, A276, A479 and A182 grade F53; Alleima lists A789 and A790 for tube.ASTM A240 (plate, sheet, strip); ASTM A276, A479 (bar); ASTM A182 F53 (forgings); ASTM A789, A790 (tube, pipe)Same material
UNSS32750—Same material
EUEN 10027-1 nameX2CrNiMoN25-7-4Nitrogen 0.24–0.35 %, molybdenum 3.00–4.50 %.EN 10088-2; EN 10088-3; EN 10028-7 (plate); EN 10216-5 (tube)Equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.4410Material number of X2CrNiMoN25-7-4.EN 10088-2; EN 10088-3; EN 10028-7 (plate); EN 10216-5 (tube)Equivalent
JapanJIS G 4304 / G 4305SUS327L1Nippon Steel Stainless pairs SUS327L1 with S32750 (nominal 25Cr-7Ni-4Mo-0.28N, PREN 42). Registered in JIS in September 2015. JIS limits were not read against the standard.JIS G 4304 (hot rolled); JIS G 4305 (cold rolled)Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • S32750 is the ASTM grade. EN 1.4410 is slightly wider: Mo 3.00–4.50 % (ASTM 3.0–5.0 %), N 0.24–0.35 % (0.24–0.32 %), and the minimum yield is 530 MPa against 550 MPa in ASTM A240.
  • SAF 2507 is Alleima's trade name, and Outokumpu lists 2507 under 1.4410 and S32750. 2507 is not a standards number; always quote S32750 or 1.4410.
  • S32760 (1.4501, Zeron 100) is a separate super duplex with tungsten and copper, and S32520 (1.4507) is another. They are not interchangeable with S32750 without checking.
  • SUS327L1 is closest. The older Japanese SUS329J4L is a 25Cr-6Ni-3Mo-0.15N grade with PREN about 36, nearer to S31260 than to S32750 (Nippon Steel Stainless).
  • The UK and India have no separate designation. Atlas lists no BS 970 name, and IS 1570 (Part 5) lists no duplex grades; buyers use EN or ASTM.
  • PREN = Cr + 3.3 Mo + 16 N. IMOA groups S32750 with the super duplex grades at PREN 40–43; Smith quotes a minimum of 40 and Alleima 41.
  • Upper service temperature limits quoted for 2507 range from 250 °C (Alleima, TÜV) through 270 °C (Industeel) and 300 °C (Atlas) to 315 °C (ASME, IMOA); the design code governs.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

ElementS32750USA · ASTM A240 / A276 / A479 (as given by Rolled Alloys)X2CrNiMoN25-7-4 (1.4410)EU · EN 10088-2 (as tabulated by Euro Inox)
C≤0.030≤0.030
Si≤0.80≤1.00
Mn≤1.20≤2.00
P≤0.035≤0.035
S≤0.020≤0.015
Cr24.0–26.024.00–26.00
Ni6.0–8.06.00–8.00
Mo3.0–5.03.00–4.50
Cu≤0.50—
N0.24–0.320.24–0.35

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Solution annealed (S32750)Specified minimums, plate, ASTM A240; hardness is a maximumASTM A240 as given by Nippon Steel Stainless; IMOA lists 550 / 795 MPa and 15 %≥795 MPa≥115 ksi≥550 MPa≥80 ksi≥15 %≤32 HRC (≤310 HB)
Solution annealed (+AT), EN 10088-3Specified, bar up to 160 mm; hardness is a maximum; impact ≥100 J (ISO-V)EN 10088-3 as given by Smiths Metal Centres730–930 MPa106–135 ksi≥530 MPa≥77 ksi≥25 %≤290 HB
Solution annealed, EN 10088-2 flat productsSpecified minimums, plateEN as tabulated by IMOA (Table 6)≥730 MPa≥106 ksi≥530 MPa≥77 ksi≥20 %—
Solution annealed, SAF 2507 barAlleima guaranteed values, solution annealed and quenched; Rp0.2 and Rm minimums, hardness a maximum; Rm ≥800 MPa (116 ksi) below 50 mmAlleima SAF 2507 bar datasheet (2026)760–930 MPa110–135 ksi≥550 MPa≥80 ksi≥25 %≤28 HRC
Solution annealed, SAF 2507 seamless tubeAlleima, wall up to 20 mm; Rp1.0 ≥640 MPa (93 ksi); A2″ ≥15 %Alleima SAF 2507 tube and pipe datasheet (2024)800–1000 MPa116–145 ksi≥550 MPa≥80 ksi≥25 %≤32 HRC
Solution annealed, SUS327L1 rod up to 50.8 mmSpecified minimums, rod; reduction of area ≥40 %; hardness is a maximumNippon Steel Stainless catalog≥800 MPa≥116 ksi≥550 MPa≥80 ksi≥15 %≤310 HB (≤32 HRC)

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Two-phase structure, ferrite 35–55 % in solution-annealed bar (Alleima). The specified minimum yield, 550 MPa, is more than twice that of 316L and well above 2205.
  • PREN of 40–43 depending on analysis (IMOA); mill minimum 41 for bar and 42.5 for seamless tube (Alleima). 2205 is 35–36 and 316L about 24 (IMOA, Rolled Alloys).
  • Rolled Alloys gives a critical pitting temperature of about 85 °C (185 °F); Alleima gives 64 °C critical crevice temperature in natural sea water with an applied potential.
  • Excellent resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking, pitting and crevice corrosion. Alleima saw no cracking up to 1000 ppm Cl⁻ at 300 °C and 10 000 ppm Cl⁻ at 250 °C in its test.
  • Magnetic. Thermal expansion is close to that of carbon steel: 13.5 × 10⁻⁶/°C from 30 to 100 °C (Alleima).
  • Suitable for sour service to NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 in the solution-annealed condition, up to 232 °C with limited H₂S partial pressure (Alleima).
  • Temperature limit: prolonged exposure above 250 °C (480 °F) lowers impact strength through microstructure change, and the German and Nordic pressure-vessel rules cap it at 250 °C. IMOA gives 315 °C (600 °F) under ASME for seamless tube and 250 °C under TÜV. Rolled Alloys says to keep it below 315 °C (600 °F). The ductile-to-brittle transition is below −50 °C (Alleima).
  • Weldable without preheat. Alleima recommends heat input of 0.2–1.5 kJ/mm, interpass temperature below 150 °C, and ISO 14343 S 25 9 4 N L (ER2594) filler; TIG first choice. Post-weld heat treatment is normally not needed.
  • Machined at lower speeds than 304L with a tougher insert grade (Alleima). IMOA gives carbide roughing speeds of about 50–70 m/min.

Heat treatment

  • Solution annealing: 1050–1125 °C, then rapid cooling in air or water (Alleima). IMOA gives 1025–1125 °C. Slow heating up to 1000 °C first (Alleima bar).
  • Strength comes from the duplex structure and high nitrogen (Rolled Alloys); cold work raises it further. Alleima's cold-worked tube reaches 862–1103 MPa proof strength.
  • Hot bending at 1125–1025 °C, followed by solution annealing (Alleima). IMOA gives a hot-forming range of 1230–1025 °C with a 1050 °C minimum soaking temperature.
  • Prolonged exposure above about 250 °C changes the microstructure and lowers impact strength (Alleima), so avoid it in service.
  • Heat input control and interpass temperature below 150 °C during welding keep the ferrite-austenite balance (Alleima).

Typische toepassingen

  • Oil and gas exploration and production: seawater handling, process systems, umbilical tubes, Xmas trees
  • Seawater cooling, desalination plants and heat exchangers
  • Refineries, petrochemical and chemical plants with chlorides or organic acids
  • Salt evaporation and geothermal units
  • Pulp and paper bleaching; propeller shafts and other high-strength parts in seawater

Stainless steels

Similar grades compared

KlasseC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
2507 / 1.4410≤0.030≤1.2024.0–26.06.0–8.0≥795 MPa
2205 / 1.4462≤0.030≤2.0022.0–23.04.5–6.5≥655 MPa
201 / 1.4372≤0.155.50–7.5016.0–18.03.5–5.5≥515 MPa
301 / 1.4310≤0.15≤2.0016.0–18.06.0–8.0≥515 MPa
303 / 1.4305≤0.15≤2.017.0–19.08.0–10.0650 MPa
304 / 1.4301≤0.08≤2.0018.0–20.08.0–10.5≥515 MPa
304L / 1.4307≤0.030≤2.0018.0–20.08.0–12.0≥485 MPa
309 / 309S≤0.08≤2.0022.0–24.012.0–15.0≥515 MPa
310 / 310S≤0.08≤2.0024.0–26.019.0–22.0≥515 MPa
316 / 1.4401≤0.08≤2.0016.0–18.010.0–14.0≥515 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

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Common questions

What is the difference between 2507 and 2205 duplex stainless steel?

2507 has more chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen (25Cr-7Ni-4Mo against 22Cr-5Ni-3Mo), giving higher strength (550 MPa minimum yield against 450 MPa) and a PREN of 40–43 against 35–36. Alleima describes 2507 as designed for aggressive chloride-containing environments.

What is the PREN of 2507?

At least 40 by specification, 40–43 depending on analysis (IMOA). Alleima guarantees at least 41 for SAF 2507 bar and 42.5 for seamless tube. PREN is chromium plus 3.3 times molybdenum plus 16 times nitrogen.

What is the equivalent of 2507 super duplex stainless steel?

UNS S32750 in the USA and 1.4410 (X2CrNiMoN25-7-4) in Europe. Japan's SUS327L1 is the closest JIS grade. The UK and India have no separate standard; they use the EN and ASTM names.

What is the maximum service temperature of 2507?

About 250–315 °C. Alleima and the TÜV rules cap it at 250 °C because longer exposure above that reduces toughness. IMOA gives 315 °C (600 °F) under ASME for seamless tube, and Rolled Alloys says to stay below 315 °C. It is generally not used below about −50 °C.

Is 2507 weldable?

Yes, by TIG, MMA and other arc processes, without preheat. Use a matching 25 9 4 N L filler (ER2594 or E2594), heat input of 0.2–1.5 kJ/mm and interpass temperature below 150 °C (Alleima). Post-weld heat treatment is normally not necessary.

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Keep reading

2205 / 1.44622205 is the most widely used duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steel, with 22 % chromium, 5 % nickel and 3 % molybdenum, more than twice the yield strength of 316L and better chloride resistance.316L316L is the low-carbon version of 316 stainless steel: the same molybdenum-bearing austenitic analysis with carbon held to 0.03 % or less.316 / 1.4401Type 316 is the standard molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel, with about 2% molybdenum for better resistance to chlorides than 304.904L / 1.4539904L is a high-alloy austenitic stainless steel with about 20 % chromium, 25 % nickel, 4.5 % molybdenum and 1.5 % copper.17-4PH / 63017-4PH is a martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless steel with 17 % chromium, 4 % nickel and 4 % copper that ages to over 1300 MPa tensile strength.AnnealingAnnealing heats steel to a set temperature, holds it and cools it slowly to make it softer, more ductile and easier to machine or cold form.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. Alleima, SAF 2507 bar datasheet (updated 2026) — Nominal analysis, minimum PRE 41, proof and tensile strength, impact, hardness, solution annealing.
  2. Alleima, SAF 2507 tube and pipe, seamless: datasheet (13 March 2024) — Minimum PRE 42.5, corrosion, proof strength at temperature, 250 °C limit, welding.
  3. Nippon Steel Stainless, duplex stainless steel catalog (SUS327L1) — SUS327L1 paired with S32750, PREN 42, ASTM plate minimums and rod specification.
  4. Nippon Steel, structural high-strength duplex stainless steel handbook (3-37, Japanese) — SUS327L1 registered in JIS G 4304 and G 4305 in September 2015.
  5. IMOA, Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Duplex Stainless Steels, 3rd edition (2014) — Table 2 (upper temperature limits), Table 6 (minimum plate properties), Table 10 (hot forming), Table 11 (solution annealing); composition and PREN table.
  6. Rolled Alloys, 2507 super duplex data sheet (April 2022) — ASTM composition limits, minimum properties, PREN 42, critical pitting temperature, 600 °F limit.
  7. Euro Inox, Stainless Steel: Tables of Technical Properties (2nd edition, 2007) — EN 10088-2 composition limits for 1.4410.
  8. Smiths Metal Centres, UNS S32750 / 1.4410 / F53 technical datasheet — EN 10088-3 minimum properties for bar and PREN ≥40; UK distributor.
  9. Outokumpu: Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards — EN, ASTM, UNS, JIS and BS cross-reference.
  10. Atlas Steels Technical Handbook of Stainless Steels (revised 12/08/2021) — Grade comparison (UNS, BS, EN, SS, JIS) and family characteristics. Distributor handbook.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.