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Resources/Materials & grades/H13 / 1.2344

Materials & grades

H13 / 1.2344 / SKD61 hot-work tool steel: equivalents X40CrMoV5-1 and BH13

H13 is the standard 5 % chromium hot-work tool steel, used for die-casting dies, forging dies and extrusion tooling that see repeated heating and cooling. Its European name is X40CrMoV5-1 (1.2344), its British name BH13 and its Japanese name SKD61.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignation規格Match
USAAISI/SAEH13ASTM A681Same material
UNST20813—Same material
UKBS 4659BH13Superseded British tool-steel standard, withdrawn in favour of EN ISO 4957. Listed against 1.2344 by Oberste-Beulmann and Total Materia.BS 4659:1971Equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 nameX40CrMoV5-1Carbon 0.35–0.42 %, vanadium 0.85–1.15 %.EN ISO 4957Equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.2344EN ISO 4957Equivalent
DIN (legacy)X40CrMoV5 1Superseded German name, still used on older drawings.DIN 17350Equivalent
インドIS 3748:2022 (ISO 4957 name)X40CrMoV5-1IS 3748:2022 is an identical adoption of ISO 4957, so the Indian name now follows the EN ISO name.IS 3748:2022Equivalent
IS 3748:1990XT35Cr5MoV1Superseded Indian designation listed against 1.2344 by Applus+ and Total Materia; carbon 0.30–0.40 %, which is lower than the EN range.IS 3748:1990 / IS 1570 (Part 6)Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 4404SKD61Carbon 0.35–0.42 %, chromium 4.80–5.50 %. Named in Böhler's and Daido's data for H13 and 1.2344.JIS G 4404Equivalent

On equivalence

  • H13, X40CrMoV5-1 and SKD61 are treated as the same grade in mill literature. The limits differ in detail: ASTM A681 allows 0.32–0.45 % carbon and 1.10–1.75 % molybdenum, EN ISO 4957 narrows carbon to 0.35–0.42 % and molybdenum to 1.20–1.50 %, and JIS G 4404 gives molybdenum 1.00–1.50 %.
  • Manganese and silicon limits in ASTM A681 vary between sources (Mn 0.20–0.50 or 0.20–0.60; Si 0.80–1.20 or 0.80–1.25); the wider values from the published A681 table are recorded here.
  • Premium H13 is sold as ESR, vacuum-remelted or 'Superior' grade with controlled cleanliness (for example NADCA #207). The standard limits above apply to all of them; the added quality requirement is in the supply specification, not the grade name.
  • The old Indian name XT35Cr5MoV1 (IS 3748:1990) has a lower carbon range (0.30–0.40 %) than X40CrMoV5-1. IS 3748:2022 is now an identical adoption of ISO 4957.
  • H13 is not H11. H11 (1.2343, SKD6) has about 0.4 % vanadium against about 1 % here.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

ElementH13 (T20813)USA · ASTM A681X40CrMoV5-1 (1.2344)EU · EN ISO 4957X40CrMoV5-1インド · IS 3748:2022 (identical to ISO 4957)XT35Cr5MoV1インド · IS 3748:1990 (superseded)SKD61Japan · JIS G 4404
C0.32–0.450.35–0.420.35–0.420.30–0.400.35–0.42
Si0.80–1.250.80–1.200.80–1.20—0.80–1.20
Mn0.20–0.600.25–0.500.25–0.500.25–0.500.25–0.50
P≤0.030≤0.030≤0.030——
S≤0.030≤0.020≤0.020——
Cr4.75–5.504.80–5.504.80–5.504.75–5.504.80–5.50
Mo1.10–1.751.20–1.501.20–1.50—1.00–1.50
V0.80–1.200.85–1.150.85–1.15—0.80–1.15

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Soft annealed (delivery)Maximum, mill delivery conditionBöhler W302 ISOBLOC, Dörrenberg 1.2344 and SIJ Ravne SITHERM 2344 data sheets———≤229 HB
Soft annealed, ESR grade (Uddeholm Orvar Supreme)Typical delivery hardness of this ESR brandUddeholm Orvar Supreme data sheet———about 180 HB
As quenchedTypical, 1020–1060 °C (1870–1940 °F) oil, air or warm-bath quenchSIJ Ravne SITHERM 2344 data sheet———52–56 HRC
Quenched and tempered at 100–400 °C (210–750 °F)Typical, tempering temperature versus hardnessSIJ Ravne SITHERM 2344 data sheet1730–1845 MPa251–268 ksi——51–53 HRC
Quenched and tempered at 500 °C (930 °F)Typical, secondary-hardening peakSIJ Ravne SITHERM 2344 data sheet1910 MPa277 ksi——54 HRC
Quenched and tempered at 550 °C (1020 °F)TypicalSIJ Ravne SITHERM 2344 data sheet1845 MPa268 ksi——53 HRC
Quenched and tempered at 600 °C (1110 °F)TypicalSIJ Ravne SITHERM 2344 data sheet1680 MPa244 ksi——50 HRC
Quenched and tempered at 650 °C (1200 °F)TypicalSIJ Ravne SITHERM 2344 data sheet1360 MPa197 ksi——43 HRC
Quenched and tempered at 700 °C (1290 °F)TypicalSIJ Ravne SITHERM 2344 data sheet995 MPa144 ksi——31 HRC
Hardened and tempered to 52 HRC (Orvar Supreme)Typical, room temperature, Uddeholm approximate valuesUddeholm Orvar Supreme data sheet1820 MPa264 ksi1520 MPa220 ksi—52 HRC
Hardened and tempered to 45 HRC (Orvar Supreme)Typical, room temperature, Uddeholm approximate valuesUddeholm Orvar Supreme data sheet1420 MPa206 ksi1280 MPa186 ksi—45 HRC
Working hardness of toolingTypical range for die-casting, extrusion and forging toolsUddeholm Orvar Supreme application table; Böhler lists 40–55 HRC for bars delivered hardened and tempered———41–52 HRC

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Air-hardening 5 % chromium, molybdenum and vanadium steel that balances toughness, resistance to heat checking, hot strength and moderate wear resistance (SB Specialty Metals, Dörrenberg).
  • Can be used at tool temperatures up to about 540 °C (1000 °F), with brief exposure to about 595 °C (1100 °F) (SB Specialty Metals).
  • Tolerates limited water cooling in service (Dörrenberg, SIJ Ravne).
  • Secondary hardening: hardness stays at 51–54 HRC across tempering from 100 to 550 °C and then falls steeply above 600 °C (SIJ Ravne).
  • Uddeholm advises against tempering Orvar Supreme in the 425–550 °C (800–1020 °F) range because of temper brittleness; the lowest tempering temperature is 250 °C.
  • High-purity ESR grades such as Orvar Supreme or Böhler W302 ISOBLOC have more isotropic toughness and are used for the most demanding die-casting and forging tools; Uddeholm states it meets NADCA #207 Superior quality.
  • High tempering temperatures allow nitriding or coating: nitrided surface hardness is about 60–65 HRC (SB Specialty Metals).
  • Weldable with preheating and post-heating, using a filler of similar composition (Elgin Fastener Group fact sheet).

Heat treatment

  • Soft annealing: 750–800 °C (1380–1470 °F), slow furnace cooling at 10–20 °C/h (18–36 °F/h) to about 600 °C, then air (Böhler, Dörrenberg). Uddeholm gives 850 °C (1560 °F) cooled at 10 °C/h to 650 °C.
  • Stress relieving: 600–670 °C (1110–1240 °F) after heavy machining, furnace cooled (Böhler); 600–650 °C (Dörrenberg).
  • Preheating before austenitizing: 600–850 °C (1110–1560 °F), normally in two steps (Uddeholm).
  • Hardening: 1020–1080 °C (1870–1975 °F), held 15–30 minutes after equalization (Böhler); 1020–1060 °C (Dörrenberg); 1020–1050 °C (Uddeholm), normally 1020–1030 °C for aluminium and magnesium tooling and 1040–1050 °C for copper-alloy tooling and steel forging dies.
  • Quench: oil, pressurized gas or vacuum with gas, or a salt bath at 500–550 °C (930–1020 °F). Uddeholm reports 53 ± 2 HRC before tempering after 30 minutes at 1025 °C and 54 ± 2 HRC after 15 minutes at 1050 °C.
  • Tempering: at least twice, a third cycle optional for stress relief. Hold 1 hour per 20 mm of thickness and at least 2 hours, cool in air (Böhler). The first temper is about 30 °C above the secondary-hardness peak, the second to working hardness, and the third 30–50 °C below the highest temper.
  • Typical working hardness by tempering temperature: 50 HRC at 600 °C (1110 °F), 43 HRC at 650 °C (1200 °F), 31 HRC at 700 °C (1290 °F) (SIJ Ravne).

主な用途

  • Die-casting dies, cores, inserts, sprue parts and shot sleeves for aluminium, magnesium and zinc
  • Extrusion dies, backers, liners and mandrels, including for stainless steel and copper alloys
  • Hot and semi-hot forging dies and progressive forging tools
  • Hot shear blades and hot stamping tools
  • Plastic injection moulds that need good polishability
  • Nitrided ejector pins, core pins and plungers

Tool steels

Similar grades compared

グレードC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
H13 / 1.23440.32–0.450.20–0.604.75–5.50—1730–1845 MPa
H11 / 1.23430.33–0.430.20–0.504.75–5.50—1790–1845 MPa
A2 / 1.23630.95–1.050.40–1.004.75–5.50——
D2 / 1.23791.40–1.600.10–0.6011.00–13.00——
D3 / 1.20802.00–2.350.10–0.6011.00–13.50——
O1 / 1.25100.85–1.001.00–1.400.40–0.70——
S70.45–0.550.20–0.903.00–3.50——
M2 / HS6-5-2C0.78–0.880.15–0.403.75–4.50—≤950 MPa
M42 / HS2-9-1-81.05–1.150.15–0.403.50–4.25—≤1010 MPa
P20 / 1.23110.28–0.400.60–1.001.40–2.000.90–1.20950–1100 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

よくあるご質問

Common questions

What is the equivalent of H13 tool steel?

H13 corresponds to X40CrMoV5-1 (1.2344) in Europe and, since IS 3748:2022, in India, to BH13 in the old British standard BS 4659, and to SKD61 in Japan. Böhler lists H13, 1.2344 and SKD61 together on its W302 data sheet.

Is SKD61 the same as H13?

SKD61 is the JIS G 4404 grade that matches H13 and 1.2344. The limits are close: SKD61 has 0.35–0.42 % carbon and 4.80–5.50 % chromium, which sits inside the ASTM A681 H13 range.

What hardness is H13 used at?

Most hot-work tooling runs at about 41–52 HRC. Die-casting dies for aluminium are typically 42–48 HRC and forging dies for steel 50–52 HRC (Uddeholm). A higher temper such as 650 °C gives about 43 HRC; 600 °C gives about 50 HRC.

What is the difference between H13 and H11?

H13 has about 1 % vanadium and H11 about 0.4 %. H13 resists hot wear and heat checking better and is the more common grade. H11 is a little tougher and is also used for highly stressed structural parts.

What temperature is H13 hardened at?

Usually 1020–1050 °C (1870–1920 °F), held 15–30 minutes, then quenched in oil, gas, a hot salt bath or vacuum with gas. Tempering follows at least twice, normally between 540 and 650 °C depending on the working hardness required.

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H11 / 1.2343H11 is a 5 % chromium hot-work tool steel with molybdenum and a low vanadium content, used for die-casting dies, forging dies and extrusion tooling where toughness matters more than hot wear resistance.D2 / 1.2379D2 is a high-carbon, 12 % chromium cold-work tool steel that is hardened to about 58–62 HRC for dies, punches, shear blades and thread-rolling tools.A2 / 1.2363A2 is an air-hardening 5 % chromium cold-work tool steel with about 1 % carbon, hardened to about 57–63 HRC for punches, dies and gauges that need good dimensional stability.S7S7 is an air-hardening shock-resisting tool steel with about 0.5 % carbon, 3.25 % chromium and 1.4 % molybdenum that keeps high toughness at about 55–60 HRC, used for chisels, punches, heading dies and shear blades.AnnealingAnnealing heats steel to a set temperature, holds it and cools it slowly to make it softer, more ductile and easier to machine or cold form.Quenching and temperingQuenching and tempering hardens steel by cooling it rapidly from the austenite range to form martensite, then reheats it below Ac1 to trade some hardness for toughness.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.IS 1570 and Indian designationsIndian steel names follow the letter-symbol code in IS 1762 (Part 1), which the IS 1570 schedules use: 45C8 means about 0.45% carbon, C for carbon steel and about 0.8% manganese, while alloy names such as 40Cr4Mo3 list each element with a multiplied content figure.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.SAE / AISI numbersA four-digit SAE/AISI number such as 1045 or 4140 names a carbon or alloy steel by its chemistry: the first two digits identify the steel family and the last two give the nominal carbon content in hundredths of a percent.

References

Sources

  1. Böhler W302 ISOBLOC data sheet — Designations (1.2344, X40CrMoV5-1, T20813, H13, SKD61; EN ISO 4957 and JIS G 4404), typical analysis, annealed hardness max 229 HB, hardening and tempering practice.
  2. Uddeholm Orvar Supreme technical data sheet — H13 per NADCA #207; hardening, quenching and tempering guidance; room-temperature strength at 45 and 52 HRC; hardness by application.
  3. Dörrenberg 1.2344 X40CrMoV5-1 (WP5V) data sheet — Typical analysis, delivery max 229 HB, annealing, stress relieving and hardening range.
  4. SIJ Ravne: SITHERM 2344 (H13) data sheet — Tempering temperature versus hardness and tensile strength; as-quenched hardness.
  5. Daido Steel DHA1 (SKD61 equivalent) data sheet — Daido composition limits for its SKD61/H13/1.2344-equivalent brand and applications by hardness.
  6. Total Materia: JIS SKD 61 tool steel (JIS G 4404) — JIS C, Mn and Cr limits and equivalents (H13, A 681 Type H13, BH 13, X40CrMoV5-1).
  7. steel-grades.com: JIS SKD61 (JIS G 4404) — SKD61 limits for C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, V.
  8. Sekidou Kouhan: SKD61 (JIS G 4404:2025, Table 4) — SKD61 limits, P ≤0.030, S ≤0.020, annealed hardness 229 HBW max; page says values checked against the JISC viewer.
  9. eFunda: AISI H13 tool steel — AISI H13 limits: C 0.32–0.45, Mn 0.20–0.50, Si 0.80–1.20, Cr 4.75–5.50, Mo 1.10–1.75, V 0.80–1.20.
  10. Journal table quoting ASTM A681 H13 (PMC10552114, Table 2) — Gives A681 H13 with Mn 0.2–0.6 and Si 0.80–1.25.
  11. Abrams Industries: Premium 1.2344 — EN ISO 4957 X40CrMoV5-1 limits including P ≤0.03 and S ≤0.02.
  12. Marks GmbH: 1.2344 material sheet — Analysis limits per EN ISO 4957 including P ≤0.030, S ≤0.020 (its Cr upper limit of 5.20 is a misprint).
  13. Applus+ Laboratories: DIN 17350 X 40 CrMoV 5 1 (1.2344) — DIN 17350:1980-10, replaced by DIN EN ISO 4957:2001-02; confirms the legacy designation.
  14. Total Materia: IS 3748:1990 XT35Cr5MoV1 — Superseded Indian designation with C, Mn and Cr limits.
  15. Applus+ Laboratories: X40CrMoV5-1 / 1.2344 datasheet — Cross-reference table: EN ISO 4957, ASTM A681, JIS G 4404 SKD61, IS 3748 and IS 1570 Part 6 XT35Cr5MoV1.
  16. Bureau of Indian Standards: IS 3748:2022 Tool Steels (standard of the week) — IS 3748:2022 is an identical adoption of ISO 4957 and replaces IS 3748:1990 and IS 7291:1980.
  17. Oberste-Beulmann: 1.2344 EFS data sheet — Lists EN ISO 4957 X40CrMoV5-1, BS BH 13, AISI H 13; preheating before use.
  18. SB Specialty Metals: H13 technical data — Composition range, service temperature, nitrided hardness.
  19. Elgin Fastener Group: Special Steel H13 fact sheet — Keywords UNS T20813, ASTM A681, BS 4659 BH13, BS EN ISO 4957 X40CrMoV5-1; weldability notes.
  20. EN ISO 4957:2018 Tool steels — Governing European and international standard; X40CrMoV5-1 limits recorded in our own structure and verified against Abrams and Marks listings; the standard's own table was not read.
  21. ASTM A681 Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy — Governing US standard for H13 (UNS T20813); limits verified against a journal table quoting A681, SB Specialty Metals and eFunda (which gives the AISI Mn 0.20–0.50 and Si 0.80–1.20); the standard text itself was not read.
  22. JIS G 4404 Alloy tool steels — Governing Japanese standard for SKD61; limits verified against the JIS G 4404:2025 table as reproduced by Sekidou Kouhan, steel-grades.com and Total Materia (C, Mn, Cr).

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.