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Resources/Materials & grades/S460 / A572 Gr 65

Materials & grades

S460N / S460M / ASTM A572 Grade 65 / IS 2062 E450 high-strength structural steel

S460 is a fine-grain structural steel with a 460 MPa minimum yield, supplied normalized (N, NL) to EN 10025-3 or thermomechanically rolled (M, ML) to EN 10025-4. ASTM A572 Grade 65, IS 2062 E450 and JIS SM570 are the nearest American, Indian and Japanese grades, but none of them is identical.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationStandardMatch
USAASTMA572 Grade 65Minimum yield 65 ksi (450 MPa) and minimum tensile 80 ksi (550 MPa), against 460 MPa and 540–720 MPa for S460. The base specification has no impact test, and Grade 65 is limited to the thinner plate sizes.ASTM A572/A572MClosest equivalent
UKBS EN 10025-3S460N / S460NLThe UK uses the European standard unchanged. N is normalized; NL adds low-temperature impact testing.BS EN 10025-3Same material
BS EN 10025-4S460M / S460MLThermomechanically rolled. ML adds low-temperature impact testing.BS EN 10025-4Same material
BS 4360 (legacy)Grade 55Withdrawn. Grade 55 was the strongest general structural grade of BS 4360, and is the usual legacy counterpart of S460 in old drawings; conversion tables pair S460NL with the 55EE quality.BS 4360Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 nameS460N / S460NLEN 10025-3Same material
EN 10027-2 number1.8901 (S460N), 1.8903 (S460NL)EN 10025-3Same material
EN 10027-1 nameS460M / S460MLEN 10025-4Same material
EN 10027-2 number1.8827 (S460M), 1.8838 (S460ML)EN 10025-4Same material
EN 10113 (legacy)S460N / S460NL / S460M / S460MLThe 1990s weldable fine-grain standard that EN 10025-3 and -4 replaced in 2004. The grade names did not change.EN 10113-2, EN 10113-3Same material
DIN 17102 (legacy)StE 460 / TStE 460Superseded German names. StE 460 corresponds to S460N and TStE 460 to the low-temperature S460NL.DIN 17102Equivalent
IndiaIS 2062E450 (A, BR)Minimum yield 450 MPa (430 MPa at 20–40 mm, 420 MPa above 40 mm) and minimum tensile 570 MPa with no upper limit. Delivered as rolled; BR has an optional room-temperature impact test (only if ordered), A has none.IS 2062:2011Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 3106SM570Minimum yield 460 MPa at up to 16 mm, tensile 570–720 MPa, impact tested at −5 °C. Strength is higher than S460 at the same thickness.JIS G 3106Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • S460, A572 Grade 65, IS 2062 E450 and SM570 are closest equivalents. They differ in yield, tensile range, chemistry and impact testing, so check the property your design relies on.
  • S460 has a 460 MPa minimum yield and a 540–720 MPa tensile range. A572 Grade 65 is 450 MPa yield and 550 MPa minimum tensile; IS 2062 E450 is 450 MPa yield and 570 MPa minimum tensile; SM570 is 460 MPa yield and 570–720 MPa tensile.
  • A572 Grade 65 has no impact test unless ordered. S460N is tested at −20 °C and S460NL at −50 °C. IS 2062 E450 BR is tested at room temperature only if the buyer asks for it.
  • Sources disagree on S460N phosphorus and sulphur: ArcelorMittal's table gives ≤0.030 % and ≤0.025 %, while Saarstahl's declaration of performance gives ≤0.035 % and ≤0.030 %, probably product-analysis limits. The table above uses ArcelorMittal's values.
  • JIS G 3106 manganese for SM570 is ≤1.70 % in the 2024 text reproduced by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government; some earlier references give ≤1.60 %. Check the edition on your order.
  • BS 4360 is withdrawn. Grade 55 is the nearest legacy name, but old BS 4360 grades were not defined by the same impact classes, so it is a closest match only.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

ElementA572 Grade 65, plate over 13 to 32 mm (½ to 1¼ in)USA · ASTM A572/A572MA572 Grade 65, plate up to 13 mm (½ in)USA · ASTM A572/A572MS460N / S460NL (1.8901 / 1.8903), up to 63 mmEU · EN 10025-3S460M / S460ML (1.8827 / 1.8838), up to 40 mmEU · EN 10025-4E450 A / BRIndia · IS 2062:2011SM570, up to 100 mmJapan · JIS G 3106 (2024 edition)
C≤0.23≤0.26≤0.20≤0.16≤0.22≤0.18
Si≤0.40≤0.40≤0.60≤0.60≤0.45≤0.55
Mn≤1.65≤1.351.00–1.70≤1.70≤1.65≤1.70
P≤0.030 (≤0.040 for shapes, sheet piling and bars)≤0.030 (≤0.040 for shapes, sheet piling and bars)≤0.030 (N); ≤0.025 (NL)≤0.030 (M); ≤0.025 (ML)≤0.045≤0.035
S≤0.030 (≤0.050 for shapes, sheet piling and bars)≤0.030 (≤0.050 for shapes, sheet piling and bars)≤0.025 (N); ≤0.020 (NL)≤0.025 (M); ≤0.020 (ML)≤0.045≤0.035
Cr——≤0.30≤0.30——
Ni——≤0.80≤0.80——
Mo——≤0.10≤0.20——
V——≤0.20≤0.12——
Cu——≤0.55≤0.55——
N——≤0.025≤0.025——
Al——≥0.020≥0.020——
Ti——≤0.05≤0.05——
Nb——≤0.05≤0.05——
CEV——≤0.53 (to 63 mm); ≤0.54 (63–100 mm); ≤0.55 (100–200 mm)≤0.45 (to 16 mm); ≤0.46 (16–40 mm)—≤0.44 (to 50 mm); ≤0.47 (50–100 mm)
CE————≤0.52—
Pcm—————≤0.28 (to 50 mm); ≤0.30 (50–100 mm)

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Normalized (S460N, S460NL)Specified, up to 16 mm; elongation 17 % (transverse); Charpy N: 40 J at −20 °C, NL: 27 J at −50 °C (longitudinal)EN 10025-3 as published by ArcelorMittal and Saarstahl540–720 MPa78–104 ksi≥460 MPa≥66.7 ksi17 %—
Normalized (S460N, S460NL)Specified, over 16 to 40 mmEN 10025-3 as published by ArcelorMittal and Saarstahl540–720 MPa78–104 ksi≥440 MPa≥63.8 ksi——
Normalized (S460N, S460NL)Specified, over 40 to 63 mmEN 10025-3 as published by Saarstahl540–720 MPa78–104 ksi≥430 MPa≥62.4 ksi——
Normalized (S460N, S460NL)Specified, over 63 to 80 mm (400 MPa from 80 to 100 mm)EN 10025-3 as published by Saarstahl540–720 MPa78–104 ksi≥410 MPa≥59.5 ksi——
Thermomechanically rolled (S460M, S460ML)Specified, up to 16 mm; elongation 17 % (transverse); Charpy M: 40 J at −20 °C, ML: 27 J at −50 °C (longitudinal)EN 10025-4 as published by ArcelorMittal and thyssenkrupp540–720 MPa78–104 ksi≥460 MPa≥66.7 ksi17 %—
Thermomechanically rolled (S460M, S460ML)Specified, over 16 to 40 mm; lower yield and tensile minimums apply above 40 mmEN 10025-4 as published by ArcelorMittal and thyssenkrupp540–720 MPa78–104 ksi≥440 MPa≥63.8 ksi——
As rolled (ASTM A572 Grade 65)Specified; elongation 15 % in 200 mm (8 in), 17 % in 50 mm (2 in); no impact test in the base specificationASTM A572/A572M as tabulated by AA Steel≥550 MPa≥80 ksi≥450 MPa≥65 ksi17 %—
As rolled (IS 2062 E450)Specified, thickness under 20 mm (430 MPa at 20–40 mm, 420 MPa above 40 mm); BR: Charpy 20 J at room temperature only if ordered, A: noneIS 2062:2011, Table 2≥570 MPa≥83 ksi≥450 MPa≥65 ksi20 %—
As delivered (JIS SM570)Specified, up to 16 mm; elongation 19 % (No. 5 test piece), 20 % over 20 mm (No. 4 test piece); Charpy 47 J at −5 °C above 12 mmJIS G 3106:2024 as reproduced by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government570–720 MPa83–104 ksi≥460 MPa≥66.7 ksi19 %—
As delivered (JIS SM570)Specified, over 16 to 40 mm (430 MPa at 40–75 mm, 420 MPa at 75–100 mm)JIS G 3106:2024 as reproduced by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government570–720 MPa83–104 ksi≥450 MPa≥65.3 ksi——

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Higher strength than S355 grades lets designers cut section weight and weld volume in cranes, long-span frames and heavily loaded members.
  • Fine-grain practice with niobium, vanadium and aluminium additions. Weldable, but the carbon equivalent (CEV up to 0.53 for N grades) calls for controlled preheat and low-hydrogen consumables on thick sections.
  • M and ML grades have a lower carbon equivalent (CEV 0.45–0.46 to 40 mm) and so weld more easily than the N grades at the same strength.
  • The letter L marks a guaranteed low-temperature impact value (down to −50 °C); N and M alone are tested at −20 °C.
  • ASTM A572 Grade 65 reaches its strength with niobium and vanadium and has no impact requirement unless ordered, so it is not a like-for-like substitute for S460NL or S460ML.
  • No inherent corrosion resistance; structures are painted or galvanized.

Heat treatment

  • S460N and S460NL are delivered normalized, or normalizing rolled. Re-normalizing is possible.
  • S460M and S460ML get their properties from thermomechanical rolling and cannot be restored by heat treatment. Avoid heating them much above about 580 °C; follow the mill's guidance for hot forming and stress relief.
  • Preheat depends on thickness, hydrogen level and heat input; follow the welding procedure for the actual carbon equivalent of the heat.

Impieghi tipici

  • Crane booms, jibs and mobile-machine frames
  • Long-span bridges and heavily loaded building columns
  • Offshore and wind-tower components in the higher-toughness NL and ML grades
  • Heavy transport, mining and lifting equipment
  • Welded fabrications where weight saving matters

Structural and plate steels

Similar grades compared

ClasseC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
S460 / A572 Gr 65≤0.23≤1.65≤0.30≤0.80540–720 MPa
A572 Grade 50≤0.23≤1.35——≥450 MPa
A992≤0.230.50–1.60≤0.35≤0.45≥450 MPa
S420 / E410≤0.26≤1.35≤0.30≤0.80520–680 MPa
A36 / S275JR / E250≤0.250.80–1.20——400–550 MPa
S235JR≤0.24≤0.90——360–510 MPa
S355J2≤0.23≤1.35——470–630 MPa
A588 / S355J2W≤0.190.80–1.250.40–0.65≤0.40≥485 MPa
A514 / S690QL0.12–0.210.70–1.000.40–0.650.70–1.00760–895 MPa
A516 Gr 70 / P355GH≤0.27 (to 12.5 mm); ≤0.28 (12.5–50 mm); ≤0.30 (50–100 mm); ≤0.31 (100–200 mm)0.85–1.20≤0.30≤0.30485–620 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Domande e risposte

Common questions

What is the equivalent of ASTM A572 Grade 65 in EN?

S460N (1.8901) or S460M (1.8827) are the closest. S460 has a 460 MPa minimum yield and a 540–720 MPa tensile range; A572 Grade 65 has 450 MPa and a 550 MPa minimum. A572 Grade 65 has no impact test unless ordered.

What do N, NL, M and ML mean on S460?

N is normalized and M is thermomechanically rolled. The extra L means guaranteed impact values at low temperature: down to −50 °C for NL and ML, against −20 °C for N and M.

Is S460N weldable?

Yes. It is a weldable fine-grain steel with a carbon equivalent up to 0.53 (to 63 mm). Thick sections need preheat and low-hydrogen consumables; S460M has a lower carbon equivalent (0.45–0.46 to 40 mm) and is easier to weld.

What is the Indian equivalent of S460?

IS 2062 E450 is the closest, with a 450 MPa minimum yield and a 570 MPa minimum tensile. It is delivered as rolled and has no low-temperature impact grade, so it does not replace S460NL or S460ML.

Is S460N the same as S460M?

No. They have the same yield, but S460N is normalized with a higher carbon equivalent and S460M is thermomechanically rolled with lower carbon and carbon equivalent. M grades must not be heated like N grades.

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Structural steel gradesStructural steel grades in the USA, UK, EU, India and Japan line up by minimum yield strength: about 250 MPa (A36, S235/S275, E250, SS400), about 350 MPa (A572 Grade 50 / A992, S355, E350, SM490) and about 410–450 MPa (A572 Grade 60/65, S450, E410/E450, SM570).A572 Grade 50ASTM A572 Grade 50 is a high-strength low-alloy structural steel with a minimum yield of 345 MPa (50 ksi) and a minimum tensile strength of 450 MPa (65 ksi).S355J2S355J2 is a common higher-strength structural steel of EN 10025-2, with a minimum yield of 355 MPa (51 ksi) up to 16 mm and a tensile strength of 470–630 MPa.S420 / E410S420N and S420M are fine-grain weldable structural steels of EN 10025-3 and EN 10025-4 with a minimum yield of 420 MPa (61 ksi) up to 16 mm.A514 / S690QLASTM A514 and EN 10025-6 S690Q, S690QL and S690QL1 are quenched and tempered alloy steel plates with a minimum yield of about 690 MPa (100 ksi) up to 50–65 mm thick.NormalizingNormalizing heats steel above its upper critical temperature and lets it cool in still air to give a fine, uniform ferrite–pearlite structure.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. ArcelorMittal Constructalia: S460 steel grades (EN 10025-3 and -4) — Composition, yield, tensile, elongation, impact and CEV for S460N, NL, M and ML; material numbers.
  2. Saarstahl: declaration of performance, S460N to EN 10025-3 — Yield by thickness to 200 mm, tensile, impact by temperature, CEV by thickness.
  3. thyssenkrupp Steel: declaration of performance, S460M plate — S460M / 1.8827, CEV and composition.
  4. IS 2062:2011 Hot rolled medium and high tensile structural steel (public copy) — E450 composition and mechanical properties.
  5. Tokyo Metropolitan Government: construction materials specification, JIS G 3106 — SM570 composition, mechanical properties, impact, CEV and Pcm from JIS G 3106:2024.
  6. AA Steel: ASTM A572 chemical and mechanical requirements — Grade 65 composition and mechanical requirements.
  7. Industeel (ArcelorMittal): declaration of performance, S460N 1.8901 (EN 10025-3:2019) — Independent check of S460N composition, P and S, CEV and impact.
  8. Marcegaglia Plates: declaration of performance, S460NL — Independent check of S460NL composition, yield, tensile, elongation and impact.
  9. SSAB: Domex 460ML data (S460ML, EN 10025-4) — Independent check of S460ML yield, tensile and elongation by thickness.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.