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Resources/Materials & grades/5140 / 41Cr4

Materials & grades

5140 / 41Cr4 / SCr440 chromium steel: equivalents 530M40 (EN18) and 1.7035

5140 is a medium-carbon chromium steel with about 0.40 % carbon, hardened and tempered for shafts, axles and steering parts. Its nearest equivalents are 41Cr4 (1.7035) in Europe, 530M40 (old EN18) in the UK, 40Cr4 in India and SCr440 in Japan, each with more chromium than 5140.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationStandardMatch
USAAISI/SAE5140SAE J404; ASTM A29 (bar)Same material
UNSG51400—Same material
UKBS 970530M40Listed against 41Cr4 and SAE 5140 by Saarstahl and Ovako. BS 970 is withdrawn in favour of European standards.BS 970-3Closest equivalent
BS 970530A40Composition-specified variant listed beside 530M40 by Saarstahl and AZoM.BS 970-1:1991Closest equivalent
BS 970 (1955 EN series)EN18Superseded 1955 name, still the most-searched UK name. Its limits differ slightly from 530M40.—Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 name41Cr4Carbon 0.38–0.45 %, chromium 0.90–1.20 %. Same name was used in the superseded DIN 17200.EN 10083-3; EN ISO 683-2Closest equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.7035EN 10083-3Closest equivalent
EN 10027-1 name41CrS4 (1.7039)Resulphurised version with sulphur controlled to 0.020–0.040 % for better machinability.EN 10083-3Closest equivalent
IndiaIS 157040Cr4Carbon range 0.35–0.45 % is wider than 5140's 0.38–0.43 %; chromium 0.90–1.20 %.IS 1570 (Part 4):1988Closest equivalent
IS 11169 (Part 1)41Cr3Cold-heading and cold-extrusion steel. Its limits equal SAE 5140 (C 0.38–0.43 %, Mn 0.70–0.90 %, Cr 0.70–0.90 %, phosphorus ≤0.030 %), and the standard's annex marks it identical to SAE 5140.IS 11169 (Part 1):2022Equivalent
JapanJIS G 4053SCr440Same 0.38–0.43 % carbon as 5140, with more manganese and chromium.JIS G 4053Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • 5140 has 0.70–0.90 % chromium; 41Cr4, 40Cr4 and SCr440 all have 0.90–1.20 %. That is why they are listed as closest rather than equivalent, even though charts commonly pair them.
  • Saarstahl lists SAE 5140 against 41Cr4 and 530M40. Ovako lists 41Cr4 with 530M40, 530H40, EN18, SCR440, 42C4, 1.7035 and 1.7039. AZoM lists 530M40, 530A40 and 530H40 for 5140.
  • EN18 and 530M40 are not identical. Total Materia gives EN18 as 0.35–0.45 % C, 0.60–0.95 % Mn and 0.85–1.15 % Cr, and 530M40 as 0.36–0.44 % C and 0.90–1.20 % Cr. Only the limits that source shows are used here.
  • The Indian 40Cr4 (IS 1570 Part 4) has a wider carbon range (0.35–0.45 %) than 5140. A separate IS 3930 listing for flame and induction hardening steel shows 0.38–0.44 % C, so the standard cited on the drawing matters.
  • IS 11169 (Part 1):2022 lists 41Cr3, a cold-heading steel with the same limits as SAE 5140 including 0.70–0.90 % chromium. It is the nearest Indian grade by composition; 40Cr4 is the general schedule grade in IS 1570 (Part 4).
  • The Japanese limits are from Kobelco's JIS G 4053 table (2008 revision); older JIS editions printed manganese 0.60–0.85 %, and the 2023 edition could not be read, so check the current edition.
  • The SAE silicon limit is 0.15–0.35 % in the supplier tables used here; AZoM and eFunda list 0.15–0.30 %.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

Element5140USA · ASTM A29 / SAE J404 (bar)530M40UK · BS 970-3 (as listed by Total Materia)EN18UK · BS 970 (1955), as listed by Total Materia41Cr4 (1.7035)EU · EN 10083-3 (heat analysis)40Cr4India · IS 1570 (Part 4):198841Cr3India · IS 11169 (Part 1):2022 (ladle analysis)SCr440Japan · JIS G 4053
C0.38–0.430.36–0.440.35–0.450.38–0.450.35–0.450.38–0.430.38–0.43
Si0.15–0.35——≤0.400.10–0.350.15–0.350.15–0.35
Mn0.70–0.90—0.60–0.950.60–0.900.60–0.900.70–0.900.60–0.90
P≤0.035——≤0.025—≤0.030≤0.030
S≤0.040——≤0.035—≤0.040≤0.030
Cr0.70–0.900.90–1.200.85–1.150.90–1.200.90–1.200.70–0.900.90–1.20
Ni—————≤0.25≤0.25
Mo—————≤0.06—
Cu—————≤0.35—

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Annealed (5140)Typical values, not specified minimumsAZoM, AISI 5140 alloy steel (UNS G51400)570 MPa82.7 ksi295 MPa42.8 ksi—167 HB
Quenched and tempered (+QT)Specified, diameter under 16 mm; yield and elongation are minimumsEN 10083-3, 41Cr4, via Saarstahl datasheet1000–1200 MPa145–174 ksi≥800 MPa≥116 ksi≥11 %—
Quenched and tempered (+QT)Specified, diameter 16–40 mm; yield and elongation are minimumsEN 10083-3, 41Cr4, via Saarstahl datasheet900–1100 MPa131–160 ksi≥660 MPa≥96 ksi≥12 %—
Quenched and tempered (+QT)Specified, diameter 40–100 mm; yield and elongation are minimumsEN 10083-3, 41Cr4, via Saarstahl datasheet800–950 MPa116–138 ksi≥560 MPa≥81 ksi≥14 %—
Soft annealed (+A), 41Cr4Specified maximum hardness, 20–160 mm barOvako Steel Navigator, 41Cr4; Saarstahl 41Cr4 datasheet———≤241 HB
Oil hardened and tempered (40Cr4)Specified, limiting ruling section 100 mm; hardness for guidance onlyIS 1570 (Part 4):1988, Table 4690–840 MPa100–122 ksi≥490 MPa≥71 ksi≥14 %201–248 HB
Oil hardened and tempered (40Cr4)Specified, limiting ruling section 63 mm; hardness for guidance onlyIS 1570 (Part 4):1988, Table 4790–940 MPa115–136 ksi≥550 MPa≥80 ksi≥12 %229–277 HB
Oil hardened and tempered (40Cr4)Specified, limiting ruling section 30 mm; hardness for guidance onlyIS 1570 (Part 4):1988, Table 4890–1040 MPa129–151 ksi≥650 MPa≥94 ksi≥11 %255–311 HB

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Chromium of 0.70–0.90 % gives deeper hardening than a plain 0.40 % carbon steel such as 1040. Ovako says 41Cr4 through hardens in oil up to about 40 mm diameter.
  • Suited to flame and induction hardening; Ovako quotes a minimum surface hardness of 52 HRC after induction hardening of 41Cr4.
  • Machinability is rated 65 % of free-cutting 1212 in the annealed or cold-drawn condition (AZoM).
  • Weldability is limited. Quenched and tempered steels above 0.30 % carbon risk a hard heat-affected zone, so welding needs preheat and low-hydrogen practice (thyssenkrupp Materials Services).
  • Contains no molybdenum, unlike 4130 and 4140.

Heat treatment

  • Forging or hot rolling: 1100–850 °C (2010–1560 °F) (Saarstahl, 41Cr4).
  • Normalizing: 850–880 °C (1560–1615 °F), cool in air (Saarstahl).
  • Soft annealing: 680–720 °C (1255–1330 °F), furnace cool (Saarstahl). Ovako gives 670–710 °C (1240–1310 °F).
  • Hardening: 820–860 °C (1510–1580 °F) in oil or water (Saarstahl). Ovako gives 830–860 °C (1525–1580 °F).
  • Tempering: 540–680 °C (1005–1255 °F) (Saarstahl, Ovako).

Impieghi tipici

  • Crankshafts
  • Front axles and steering knuckles
  • Steering parts
  • Shafts, spindles and studs
  • Parts that are flame or induction hardened

Alloy and case-hardening steels

Similar grades compared

ClasseC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
5140 / 41Cr40.38–0.430.70–0.900.70–0.90≤0.25570 MPa
4130 / 25CrMo40.28–0.330.40–0.600.80–1.10≤0.25590–760 MPa
4135 / 34CrMo40.33–0.380.70–0.900.80–1.10≤0.251000–1200 MPa
4140 / 42CrMo40.38–0.430.75–1.000.80–1.10≤0.25655 MPa
4340 / EN240.38–0.430.60–0.800.70–0.901.65–2.00745 MPa
6150 / 51CrV40.48–0.530.70–0.900.80–1.10≤0.40670 MPa
16MnCr50.13–0.180.70–0.900.70–0.90≤0.25≥1000 MPa
20MnCr50.17–0.220.70–0.900.70–0.90≤0.25≥1200 MPa
655M13 / EN36A0.08–0.130.45–0.651.00–1.403.00–3.50700–770 MPa
8620 / 20NiCrMo2-20.18–0.230.70–0.900.40–0.600.40–0.70530 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Domande e risposte

Common questions

What is the equivalent of 5140 steel?

41Cr4 (1.7035) in Europe, 530M40 (old EN18) in the UK, 40Cr4 in India and SCr440 in Japan. All are close, not identical: they have 0.90–1.20 % chromium against 0.70–0.90 % for 5140.

Is 5140 the same as 41Cr4?

They are close equivalents and often substituted. 41Cr4 has 0.38–0.45 % carbon and 0.90–1.20 % chromium; 5140 has 0.38–0.43 % carbon and 0.70–0.90 % chromium. 41Cr4 hardens slightly deeper.

Is EN18 the same as 5140?

EN18 is the old British name for a 1 % chromium steel, now 530M40 (BS 970) or 41Cr4 (EN). It is a close equivalent of 5140, with more chromium and a wider carbon range (0.35–0.45 %).

What is the difference between 5140 and 4140?

4140 contains 0.15–0.25 % molybdenum and 0.80–1.10 % chromium; 5140 has no molybdenum and 0.70–0.90 % chromium. Carbon is the same (0.38–0.43 %). 4140 hardens deeper and keeps strength better when tempered.

Can 5140 be induction hardened?

Yes. Ovako lists 41Cr4 for induction hardening with a minimum surface hardness of 52 HRC. The core keeps its quenched-and-tempered or normalized properties.

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4140 / 42CrMo4AISI 4140 is a medium-carbon chromium-molybdenum alloy steel, normally used hardened and tempered for shafts, gears and high-strength bolts.4130 / 25CrMo44130 is a low-alloy chromium-molybdenum steel with about 0.30 % carbon, used normalized or hardened and tempered for tubing, shafts and welded structures.4135 / 34CrMo44135 is a chromium-molybdenum steel with about 0.35 % carbon, hardened and tempered for crankshafts, axles and other highly stressed parts.1040 / C40 / EN81040, C40, EN8 (080M40), 40C8 and S40C are closely related medium-carbon steels with about 0.40 % carbon, used for shafts, axles, studs and forgings that need more strength than mild steel.Quenching and temperingQuenching and tempering hardens steel by cooling it rapidly from the austenite range to form martensite, then reheats it below Ac1 to trade some hardness for toughness.NormalizingNormalizing heats steel above its upper critical temperature and lets it cool in still air to give a fine, uniform ferrite–pearlite structure.AnnealingAnnealing heats steel to a set temperature, holds it and cools it slowly to make it softer, more ductile and easier to machine or cold form.SAE / AISI numbersA four-digit SAE/AISI number such as 1045 or 4140 names a carbon or alloy steel by its chemistry: the first two digits identify the steel family and the last two give the nominal carbon content in hundredths of a percent.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.BS 970 and the EN seriesBS 970 names steels with a six-character code such as 080M40, in which the first three digits give the steel type, the letter says how the steel is specified and the last two digits give the carbon content.IS 1570 and Indian designationsIndian steel names follow the letter-symbol code in IS 1762 (Part 1), which the IS 1570 schedules use: 45C8 means about 0.45% carbon, C for carbon steel and about 0.8% manganese, while alloy names such as 40Cr4Mo3 list each element with a multiplied content figure.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. Saarstahl material specification sheet: 41Cr4 / 41CrS4 (1.7035 / 1.7039) — +QT properties by diameter, heat treatment, BS 530M40 and SAE 5140 cross-reference.
  2. Ovako Steel Navigator: 41Cr4 — EN composition, +QT properties, heat treatment, hardenability, similar designations.
  3. Kobelco: Wire rods and bars specification tables (JIS G 4053) — SCr440 composition from the JIS G 4053 table (2008 revision).
  4. Bureau of Indian Standards, IS 1570 (Part 4):1988 Schedules for wrought steels, alloy steels (Public.Resource.Org copy) — Table 1 composition and Table 4 hardened and tempered properties for 40Cr4.
  5. thyssenkrupp Materials Services datasheet: 51CrV4 (weldability note for quenched and tempered steels above 0.30 % C) — General welding note for alloy quenched and tempered steels.
  6. AZoM: AISI 5140 alloy steel (UNS G51400) — Annealed typical properties, machinability, other designations.
  7. Total Materia: B.S. 530 M 40 — C and Cr limits visible.
  8. Total Materia: B.S. En18 — C, Mn and Cr limits visible.
  9. Total Materia: IS 40Cr4 (IS 3930:1994) — Flame and induction hardening steel listing; carbon 0.38–0.44 %.
  10. Songshun Steel: 5140 (1.7035, SCr440) — ASTM A29 5140 limits including silicon and P/S maxima.
  11. Bureau of Indian Standards, IS 11169 (Part 1):2022 Steels for cold heading and cold extrusion, wrought carbon and alloy steels (Public.Resource.Org copy) — Table C.2 ladle-analysis limits for 41Cr3; Table E.1 cross-reference to SAE 5140.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.