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Resources/Materials & grades/1095 / C100S

Materials & grades

1095 / C100S high-carbon steel: equivalents 060A96 (EN44), 98C6 and SK95

1095 is a high-carbon steel with about 0.95 % carbon, used for knives, blades, flat springs and hardened wear parts. Its closest equivalents are C100S (1.1274) in Europe, 060A96 (old EN44) in the UK, 98C6 in India and SK95 (formerly SK4) in Japan.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationStandardMatch
USAAISI/SAE1095Composition limits shown are SAE J403 (P ≤0.030 %). ASTM A29 and older AISI tables give P ≤0.040 %.SAE J403; ASTM A29 / A108 / A510 / A576 (10L95)Same material
UNSG10950—Same material
UKBS 970060A96Carbon 0.93–1.00 %, manganese 0.50–0.70 % (Total Materia). Lists En44 as its official equivalent.BS 970-1Closest equivalent
BS 970 (1955 EN series)EN44 / EN44BSuperseded 1955 names. Roymech ties EN44 to 060A96.—Closest equivalent
BS 1449 / BS 5770CS95Cold-rolled spring strip with carbon 0.90–1.00 % and manganese 0.30–0.60 %, close to 1095's manganese (West Yorkshire Steel).BS 5770-2 (withdrawn)Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 nameC100SCold-rolled strip for springs and heat treatment. Carbon 0.95–1.05 %.EN 10132-4Closest equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.1274Material number of C100S.EN 10132-4Closest equivalent
DIN (legacy)Ck101Superseded German name for the 1.0 % carbon strip steel, now C100S.—Closest equivalent
IndiaIS 157098C6Carbon 0.90–1.05 %, manganese 0.50–0.80 %, so manganese is higher than 1095.IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1)Closest equivalent
IS 1570 (old designation)C98Superseded Indian name for 98C6.—Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 4401SK95 (formerly SK4)Carbon tool steel with carbon 0.90–1.00 %.JIS G 4401Closest equivalent
JIS G 4802SK95-CSPCold-reduced spring strip with carbon 0.90–1.00 %.JIS G 4802Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • 1095 and C100S are close equivalents, not the same specification. C100S has 0.95–1.05 % carbon against 1095's 0.90–1.03 %, 0.30–0.60 % manganese against 0.30–0.50 %, and requires 0.15–0.35 % silicon and phosphorus and sulphur ≤0.025 % each.
  • Sources disagree on the old British name. Total Materia lists En44 and En44B for 060A96, and Roymech ties 44 to 060A96. West Yorkshire Steel lists EN44 against CS95. Treat EN44, 060A96 and CS95 as one 0.90–1.00 % carbon family.
  • Japanese SK95 is a carbon tool steel in JIS G 4401 and is also cross-referenced to AISI W1-9. It is the usual Japanese match for 1095, but it is specified as a tool steel with its own testing and delivery rules.
  • Indian 98C6 has more manganese (0.50–0.80 %) than 1095 (0.30–0.50 %). IS 1570 fixes only carbon and manganese.
  • There is no S95C in JIS G 4051; that standard ends at S75C, and only for plates, sheets and strips.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

Element1095USA · SAE J403060A96UK · BS 970-1 (composition as cited from BS 1429:1980)CS95UK · BS 1449 / BS 5770C100S (1.1274)EU · EN 10132-498C6India · IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979SK95Japan · JIS G 4401:2025
C0.90–1.030.93–1.000.90–1.000.95–1.050.90–1.050.90–1.00
Si——0.05–0.350.15–0.35—≤0.35
Mn0.30–0.500.50–0.700.30–0.600.30–0.600.50–0.80≤0.50
P≤0.030≤0.050≤0.040≤0.025—≤0.030
S≤0.050—≤0.040≤0.025—≤0.030
Cr———≤0.40—≤0.30
Ni———≤0.40—≤0.25
Mo———≤0.10——
Cu—————≤0.25

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Hot-rolled bar, estimated minimum (1095)Estimated minimum, SAE J1397 basis; typical values run higher and section size is not statedSAE J1397 estimated minimum values as published by ICAST; typical values run higher and section size is not stated830 MPa120 ksi460 MPa67 ksi10 %—
Annealed and skin passed strip (C100S)Specified maximum, EN 10132-4EN 10132-4 as tabulated by Roymech≤690 MPa≤100 ksi≤550 MPa≤80 ksi≥13 %≤220 HV
Quenched and tempered strip (C100S)Specified range, EN 10132-4EN 10132-4 as tabulated by Roymech1200–2100 MPa174–305 ksi——370–630 HV

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • The highest-carbon grade among common plain carbon bar steels (0.90–1.03 % C) with low manganese (0.30–0.50 %), which gives high hardness after quenching but low toughness.
  • Low hardenability, so it is quenched in water or fast oil; ASM Alloy Digest describes it as water-hardening and prefers a water quench, and oil quenching is acceptable where a less severe quench is needed.
  • Used as-rolled, annealed, normalized or quenched and tempered (ASM Alloy Digest).
  • Not recommended for welding. High carbon makes the heat-affected zone hard and brittle.
  • Corrosion resistance is poor: this is a plain carbon steel with no chromium.

Heat treatment

  • Normalizing: 816–871 °C (1500–1600 °F), cooled in air (Total Materia, AISI 1095).
  • Annealing: 788–829 °C (1450–1525 °F), then slow cooling (Total Materia, AISI 1095).
  • Hardening: 788–829 °C (1450–1525 °F) (Total Materia, AISI 1095). ASM prefers a water quench; oil quenching is acceptable where a less severe quench is needed.
  • Tempering: depends on the strength required; Total Materia gives 538 °C (1000 °F) for 1034–1172 MPa tensile strength (about 33–38 HRC), held at least 2 hours (SAE 1095 page).
  • Confirm the cycle against the steelmaker's data. Nippon Steel lists SK95 hardening at 750–810 °C.

Impieghi tipici

  • Knives, blades and cutting edges
  • Flat springs, clutch discs and shims
  • Saw blades, doctor blades and wood-cutting tools
  • Masonry and agricultural tools
  • Hardened wear parts and pins

Carbon steels

Similar grades compared

ClasseC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
1095 / C100S0.90–1.030.30–0.50≤0.40≤0.40830 MPa
1060 / C600.55–0.650.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40680 MPa
1070 / 070A720.65–0.750.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40700 MPa
1080 / 80C60.75–0.880.60–0.90≤0.30≤0.40700 MPa
1008≤0.100.30–0.50——303 MPa
1010 / C10E0.08–0.130.30–0.60≤0.30—320 MPa
1015 / C15E0.13–0.180.30–0.60≤0.30—340 MPa
10180.15–0.200.60–0.90≤0.20—400 MPa
1020 / C22E0.18–0.230.30–0.60≤0.30≤0.40380 MPa
1025 / C25E0.22–0.280.30–0.60≤0.30≤0.40400 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Domande e risposte

Common questions

What is the equivalent of 1095 steel?

C100S (1.1274) in Europe, 060A96 (old EN44) in the UK, 98C6 in India and SK95 in Japan. None is identical to 1095; they differ in carbon range, manganese and impurity limits.

Is 1095 the same as C100S?

They are close equivalents. C100S has 0.95–1.05 % carbon and 0.30–0.60 % manganese, while 1095 has 0.90–1.03 % carbon and 0.30–0.50 % manganese. C100S is a strip steel with tighter phosphorus and sulphur.

Is 1095 a spring steel?

It is used for flat springs, clutch discs and shims, mainly as strip. ASM Alloy Digest lists springs among its uses, along with drills, pins and ball bearings. Larger or thicker springs use alloy steels because 1095 has low hardenability.

What is the difference between 1095 and 1080?

1095 has more carbon (0.90–1.03 % against 0.75–0.88 %) and less manganese (0.30–0.50 % against 0.60–0.90 %). It takes a harder edge but is less tough, and it needs a faster quench.

Is SK95 the same as 1095?

SK95 is the usual Japanese match, with 0.90–1.00 % carbon, but it is a JIS G 4401 tool steel. SK95 was formerly called SK4. Its other limits are tighter than a general-purpose 1095 bar.

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Keep reading

1080 / 80C61080 is a high-carbon steel with about 0.80 % carbon, used for spring strip, blades, tools and wear parts after hardening and tempering.1070 / 070A721070 is a high-carbon steel with about 0.70 % carbon, used for springs, spring wire, blades and wear parts after hardening and tempering.1060 / C601060 is a high-carbon steel with about 0.60 % carbon, supplied hot rolled, annealed or normalized for parts that need a hard, wear-resistant surface or a spring-like temper.52100 / 100Cr652100 is a high-carbon chromium steel with about 1 % carbon and 1.5 % chromium that through-hardens to about 62 HRC, used for rolling bearings, balls and rollers.AnnealingAnnealing heats steel to a set temperature, holds it and cools it slowly to make it softer, more ductile and easier to machine or cold form.Quenching and temperingQuenching and tempering hardens steel by cooling it rapidly from the austenite range to form martensite, then reheats it below Ac1 to trade some hardness for toughness.SAE / AISI numbersA four-digit SAE/AISI number such as 1045 or 4140 names a carbon or alloy steel by its chemistry: the first two digits identify the steel family and the last two give the nominal carbon content in hundredths of a percent.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.BS 970 and the EN seriesBS 970 names steels with a six-character code such as 080M40, in which the first three digits give the steel type, the letter says how the steel is specified and the last two digits give the carbon content.IS 1570 and Indian designationsIndian steel names follow the letter-symbol code in IS 1762 (Part 1), which the IS 1570 schedules use: 45C8 means about 0.45% carbon, C for carbon steel and about 0.8% manganese, while alloy names such as 40Cr4Mo3 list each element with a multiplied content figure.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. SAE J403: Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — Governs the US composition limits for 1060, 1070, 1080 and 1095.
  2. ICAST: SAE J403 / SAE J1397 UNS G10950, Hot Rolled — J1397 estimated minimum properties.
  3. Roymech: EN 10132 cold rolled narrow steel strip for heat treatment — EN 10132-4 spring-steel grades C60S to C100S: composition and strip properties.
  4. IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979 Schedules for wrought steels: carbon steels (public copy) — Table 1 carbon and manganese limits; Table 2 hot-rolled or normalized tensile limits.
  5. Total Materia: SAE 1095 — SAE J403:2014 composition, heat treatment and cross-references.
  6. Total Materia: B.S. 060 A 96 — Composition and cross-references; lists En44 and En44B.
  7. Roymech: British Standard steel numbers — Links old EN numbers to BS 970 codes: 43D with 080A62, 42 with 070A72, 44 with 060A96.
  8. ASM Alloy Digest: AISI 1095 high-carbon steel — Quenching practice, use conditions and applications.
  9. Total Materia: JIS SK 95 (JIS G 4401:2025) — Carbon, chromium and copper limits.
  10. Total Materia: JIS SK95-CSP (JIS G 4802:2019) — Carbon 0.90–1.00 %.
  11. MISUMI: JIS and foreign standards comparison for tool steels — Shows SK95 as the former SK4 and cross-references W1-9.
  12. Alfa-Tech: C100S 1.1274 spring steel — Comparison of C100S with AISI 1095, CS95, 98C6 and Ck101.
  13. West Yorkshire Steel: CS95 spring steel — CS95 composition and related names including EN44.
  14. BS 5770-2: steel strip for springs, cold rolled carbon and low alloy (withdrawn 2000) — Superseded British strip specification behind the CS70 to CS100 names.
  15. Nippon Steel: special steel sheet and strip catalogue (U006) — SK95 silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulphur, nickel, chromium and copper limits.
  16. Rewon: BS 970 carbon steel grades with nearest SAE — Independent check of the BS 970 A-series carbon and manganese limits and the 080A62 / En43D pairing.
  17. Total Materia: B.S. 95 (BS 5770-3:1981) — CS95 carbon 0.90–1.00, manganese 0.30–0.60, phosphorus ≤0.040.
  18. Total Materia: AISI 1095 — Normalizing 816–871 °C; annealing and hardening 788–829 °C.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.