Materials & grades
15-5PH stainless steel: S15500, XM-12, 1.4545 (X5CrNiCu15-5)
15-5PH is a martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless steel, with about 15 % chromium, 5 % nickel and added copper, that gains its strength from a single low-temperature ageing treatment. It is UNS S15500, ASTM A564 type XM-12 and, in Europe, 1.4545 (X5CrNiCu15-5).
Names by standard
What it is called in each region
| Region | System | Designation | मानक | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USA | Common name | 15-5PHAlso written 15-5 PH, PH15-5 (SSA) and 15Cr-5Ni (Carpenter). | — | Same material |
| ASTM type | XM-12Carpenter lists XM-12 as the grade for all ASTM references. Aerospace: AMS 5659 (bar, forgings) and AMS 5862 (plate) (SSA). | ASTM A564 (bar, wire, shapes); ASTM A693 (plate, sheet, strip); ASTM A705 (forgings) | Same material | |
| UNS | S15500 | — | Same material | |
| EU | EN 10027-1 name | X5CrNiCu15-5The only EN composition read here is C ≤0.07 %, Cr 14.0–15.5 %, Cu 2.5–4.5 %, which matches S15500. Trade sources pair the name with S15500. | EN 3361; EN 4842 (aerospace series) | Equivalent |
| EN 10027-2 number | 1.4545Material number of X5CrNiCu15-5. Not the same as 1.4542, which is 17-4PH. | EN 3361; EN 4842 (aerospace series) | Equivalent | |
| Japan | JIS G 4303 | SUS630JIS has no 15-5PH grade. SUS630 is the 17-4PH type (Cr 15.5–17.5 %); the 17-4PH page owns that name. Not interchangeable for transverse toughness. | JIS G 4303 (bar) | Closest equivalent |
On equivalence
- The US names are one grade: 15-5PH, XM-12, S15500 and Carpenter's 15Cr-5Ni. ASTM calls the grade XM-12 in A564, A693 and A705.
- EN 1.4545 (X5CrNiCu15-5) is the European number for 15-5PH, and the EN aerospace series (EN 3361, EN 4842) covers it. 1.4542 is 17-4PH, a different grade.
- JIS G 4303 has no 15-5PH. SUS630 is the closest, but it is the 17-4PH composition with 15.5–17.5 % chromium, so the two are not interchangeable for transverse properties.
- No BS or IS designation was found. IS 1570 (Part 5) lists no precipitation-hardening grades; buy to ASTM A564 XM-12, AMS 5659 or the EN aerospace series.
- Sulphur limits differ by source. ASTM A564 and AMS 5659 as tabulated by distributors allow 0.030 %; Carpenter and Smith quote 0.015 %, a tighter mill limit.
- Condition A hardness is quoted as 35 HRC (341 HB) typical by Carpenter. SSA gives 363 HB, which is about 38 HRC, and ATI gives 38 HRC maximum. Treat 38 HRC as the ceiling that the ageing then raises.
Chemical composition
Composition limits, mass %
| Element | XM-12 (S15500)USA · ASTM A564 / A693 / A705 | X5CrNiCu15-5 (1.4545)EU · EN 1.4545 (as listed by Total Materia) |
|---|---|---|
| C | ≤0.07 | ≤0.07 |
| Si | ≤1.00 | — |
| Mn | ≤1.00 | — |
| P | ≤0.040 | — |
| S | ≤0.030 | — |
| Cr | 14.00–15.50 | 14.0–15.5 |
| Ni | 3.50–5.50 | — |
| Cu | 2.50–4.50 | 2.5–4.5 |
| Nb+Ta | 0.15–0.45 | — |
Mechanical properties
Strength and hardness
| Condition | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation | Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Condition A (solution treated), typicalTypical, not a limit; hardness only; use after ageingCarpenter 15Cr-5Ni data sheet | — | — | — | 35 HRC (341 HB) |
| H900 (aged 480 °C, 1 h)Specified minimums, bar up to 300 mm, longitudinal; reduction of area ≥35 %. Transverse: elongation ≥6 %, reduction of area ≥15 %ASTM A564 type XM-12 as tabulated by Torqbolt; AMS 5659 values agree (SSA, Upmet) | ≥1310 MPa≥190 ksi | ≥1170 MPa≥170 ksi | ≥10 % | ≥40 HRC (≥388 HBW) |
| H1025 (aged 550 °C, 4 h)Specified minimums, bar up to 300 mm, longitudinal; reduction of area ≥45 %. Transverse: elongation ≥8 %, reduction of area ≥27 %ASTM A564 type XM-12 as tabulated by Torqbolt; AMS 5659 values agree (SSA, Upmet) | ≥1070 MPa≥155 ksi | ≥1000 MPa≥145 ksi | ≥12 % | ≥35 HRC (≥331 HBW) |
| H1150 (aged 620 °C, 4 h)Specified minimums, bar up to 300 mm, longitudinal; reduction of area ≥50 %. Transverse: elongation ≥11 %, reduction of area ≥30 %ASTM A564 type XM-12 as tabulated by Torqbolt; AMS 5659 values agree (SSA, Upmet) | ≥930 MPa≥135 ksi | ≥725 MPa≥105 ksi | ≥16 % | ≥28 HRC (≥277 HBW) |
| H1150M (1400 °F 2 h, then 1150 °F 4 h)Specified minimums, bar up to 300 mm, longitudinal; reduction of area ≥55 %ASTM A564 type XM-12 as tabulated by Torqbolt | ≥795 MPa≥115 ksi | ≥515 MPa≥75 ksi | ≥18 % | ≥24 HRC (≥255 HBW) |
| H900, typical (longitudinal)Typical values from Carpenter; Charpy V-notch 20 J (15 ft·lbf); reduction of area 50 %Carpenter 15Cr-5Ni data sheet | 1378 MPa200 ksi | 1276 MPa185 ksi | 14 % | 44 HRC (420 HB) |
| H1025, typical (longitudinal)Typical values from Carpenter; Charpy V-notch 48 J (35 ft·lbf); reduction of area 56 %Carpenter 15Cr-5Ni data sheet | 1173 MPa170 ksi | 1138 MPa165 ksi | 15 % | 38 HRC (352 HB) |
| H1150, typical (longitudinal)Typical values from Carpenter; Charpy V-notch 68 J (50 ft·lbf); reduction of area 60 %Carpenter 15Cr-5Ni data sheet | 1000 MPa145 ksi | 862 MPa125 ksi | 19 % | 33 HRC (311 HB) |
| H1150M, typical (longitudinal)Typical values from Carpenter; Charpy V-notch 138 J (100 ft·lbf); reduction of area 68 %Carpenter 15Cr-5Ni data sheet | 882 MPa125 ksi | 584 MPa85 ksi | 22 % | 27 HRC (277 HB) |
In practice
Behaviour, heat treatment and uses
Characteristics
- Martensitic precipitation-hardening grade. Generally similar to 17-4PH in composition and properties, but balanced to leave almost no delta ferrite. That gives better transverse toughness and ductility and higher forgeability (Carpenter).
- Hardened by a single low-temperature ageing treatment after solution treatment. Parts move only slightly in ageing: contraction of 0.0004–0.0006 in/in at H900 and 0.0008–0.0010 in/in at H1150 (Carpenter).
- General corrosion resistance comparable to Type 304 and similar to 17-4PH in most media. Good stress-corrosion resistance comes from ageing at 550 °C (1025 °F) or higher (Carpenter).
- Transverse strength matches longitudinal strength in Carpenter's typical data (H900: 1378 MPa tensile in both), while transverse ductility and impact are lower (H900: 10 % against 14 % elongation, Charpy 10 J against 20 J).
- Readily machined in the solution-treated and aged conditions. H1150M gives the best machinability and the highest toughness (Carpenter).
- Weldable by shielded fusion and resistance welding. Use AWS E/ER630 filler to match properties, or ER308L when high weld strength is not needed. No preheat is usually required; oxyacetylene welding is not recommended (Carpenter).
- Often supplied vacuum arc remelted (VAR) or electroslag remelted (ESR) for aerospace use under AMS 5659 and 5862.
Heat treatment
- Solution treatment (Condition A): 1038 °C (1900 °F) ± 14 °C for 30 minutes, then cool below 32 °C so that the steel transforms fully to martensite. Oil quench sections under 76 mm (3 in); air cool larger ones rapidly. Do not use unaged: low toughness and poor stress-corrosion resistance (Carpenter).
- H900: age at 482 °C (900 °F) for 1 hour, air cool. H925, H1025, H1075, H1100 and H1150: age at the stated temperature ±8 °C for 4 hours, air cool (Carpenter).
- H1150M: 760 °C (1400 °F) ± 8 °C for 2 hours, air cool, then 621 °C (1150 °F) ± 8 °C for 4 hours, air cool (Carpenter).
- Forging: heat uniformly to 1177–1204 °C (2150–2200 °F), hold 1 hour, and do not forge below 1010 °C (1850 °F). Forgings must be solution treated before ageing (Carpenter).
- If welded in the solution-treated condition the part can be aged directly, but solution treating the welded part before ageing gives the best corrosion resistance. Parts welded in the overaged condition must be solution treated and then aged (Carpenter).
सामान्य उपयोग
- Aerospace structural components, landing gear and engine parts
- Valve parts, fittings and fasteners
- Shafts and gears
- Chemical process, paper mill and nuclear reactor equipment
- Oil and gas components
Stainless steels
Similar grades compared
| ग्रेड | C % | Mn % | Cr % | Ni % | Tensile, first listed condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15-5PH / S15500 | ≤0.07 | ≤1.00 | 14.00–15.50 | 3.50–5.50 | ≥1310 MPa |
| 17-4PH / 630 | ≤0.07 | ≤1.00 | 15.0–17.5 | 3.0–5.0 | 1105 MPa |
| 201 / 1.4372 | ≤0.15 | 5.50–7.50 | 16.0–18.0 | 3.5–5.5 | ≥515 MPa |
| 301 / 1.4310 | ≤0.15 | ≤2.00 | 16.0–18.0 | 6.0–8.0 | ≥515 MPa |
| 303 / 1.4305 | ≤0.15 | ≤2.0 | 17.0–19.0 | 8.0–10.0 | 650 MPa |
| 304 / 1.4301 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0–10.5 | ≥515 MPa |
| 304L / 1.4307 | ≤0.030 | ≤2.00 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0–12.0 | ≥485 MPa |
| 309 / 309S | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 22.0–24.0 | 12.0–15.0 | ≥515 MPa |
| 310 / 310S | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 24.0–26.0 | 19.0–22.0 | ≥515 MPa |
| 316 / 1.4401 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 16.0–18.0 | 10.0–14.0 | ≥515 MPa |
Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.
आपके सवालों के जवाब
Common questions
What is the difference between 15-5PH and 17-4PH?
Both are martensitic precipitation-hardening steels with similar strength and corrosion resistance. 15-5PH (15 % Cr, 5 % Ni) is balanced to leave almost no delta ferrite, which gives better transverse toughness and ductility, more uniform properties in large sections and better forgeability than 17-4PH (Carpenter, Smith Metal).
What is the equivalent of 15-5PH stainless steel?
UNS S15500, ASTM A564 type XM-12 and EN 1.4545 (X5CrNiCu15-5). JIS has no 15-5PH grade; SUS630 is the nearest but is the 17-4PH composition. No Indian or British designation was found.
What do H900, H1025 and H1150 mean for 15-5PH?
They are the ageing temperatures in °F. H900 ages at 482 °C for 1 hour and gives the highest strength: 1310 MPa tensile and 40 HRC minimum. H1025 ages at 550 °C for 4 hours (1070 MPa, 35 HRC) and H1150 at 620 °C for 4 hours (930 MPa, 28 HRC). Higher ageing temperatures trade strength for toughness and stress-corrosion resistance.
Which 15-5PH condition resists stress-corrosion cracking?
Ageing at 550 °C (H1025) or higher gives good stress-corrosion resistance (Carpenter). Toughness also rises with ageing temperature, and H1150M has the best notch toughness. H900 is aged below that threshold, and the solution-treated condition should not be used without ageing.
Is 15-5PH weldable?
Yes. It welds by shielded fusion and resistance processes, usually without preheat. Use E/ER630 filler to match the base metal or ER308L when weld strength is less critical. For the best corrosion resistance, solution treat the welded part before ageing (Carpenter).
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Related references
References
Sources
- Carpenter Technology, 15Cr-5Ni (15-5PH, XM-12) data sheet (December 2023) — Type analysis, typical longitudinal and transverse properties, ageing treatments, forging, welding, corrosion.
- Torqbolt, ASTM A564 age-hardening stainless steel bars (XM-12 table) — Specified minimums by condition and orientation as reproduced from ASTM A564; checked against SSA and Upmet.
- Service Steel Aerospace, 15-5 PH AMS 5659 data sheet — AMS 5659 composition, tensile, yield, elongation and hardness by condition. Distributor sheet.
- United Performance Metals, 15-5 PH datasheet (AMS 5659 / AMS 5862) — Composition limits and AMS property minimums, including H1150-M.
- Smiths Metal Centres, 15/5 PH technical datasheet (AMS 5659) — Composition, typical properties, machinability, weldability.
- BSI, BS EN 4842: Aerospace series, steel X5CrNiCu15-5 (1.4545), consumable electrode remelted — Title confirms the EN name and number for the aerospace series; full text not read.
- Total Materia: EN 1.4545 stainless steel properties — EN 1.4545 shown with ASTM A564 XM-12, UNS S15500 and DIN 1.4540; only part of the composition visible.
- Nose Stainless: steel types, composition and mechanical properties (JIS G 4303 reference sheet) — JIS G 4303 composition, heat treatment and mechanical properties for bar. Catalog reproducing the JIS values.
- Outokumpu: Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards — EN, ASTM, UNS, JIS and BS cross-reference.
- Aircraft Materials: cross-reference of stainless steel specifications — BS, EN, UNS, AMS and ASTM listings per grade. Trade reference.
- Righton Blackburns, 1.4545 (15-5) bar datasheet — UK stockist; EN 1.4545 listed with UNS S15500 and AMS 5659.
- ATI 15-5 precipitation hardening stainless steel product page — Composition limits (S ≤0.030, P ≤0.040), H900 minimums for plate, and Condition A hardness maximum of 38 HRC.
Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.