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Resources/Materials & grades/9310

Materials & grades

9310 case-hardening steel: nearest equivalents 14NiCrMo13-4 (1.6657), 832M13 (EN36C) and 10NiCrMo13-5

9310 is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum carburizing steel with about 0.10 % carbon and 3.25 % nickel, used for highly stressed aerospace gears and shafts. Europe has no single exact twin: 14NiCrMo13-4 (1.6657) and the mill name 10NiCrMo13-5 are the nearest, and the UK 832M13 (EN36C) is also quoted.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormeMatch
USAAISI/SAE9310AMS 6260 is air-melted; AMS 6265 and 6267 are remelted aircraft qualities.SAE J404; AMS 6260 / AMS 6265 / AMS 6267Same material
UNSG93106—Same material
UKBS 970 (1955 EN series)EN36CSuperseded 1955 name. Quoted against 9310 and 14NiCrMo13-4 by stockists; molybdenum is higher than 9310's maximum in some listings.—Closest equivalent
BS 970832M13Nickel-chromium-molybdenum grade, the molybdenum-bearing sibling of 655M13. BS 970 has been withdrawn.BS 970 (older parts; not in BS 970-3:1991)Closest equivalent
EUEuropean mill grade (EN 10027-1 style name)10NiCrMo13-5Name used by Aubert & Duval for its 9310 grade FADCW (AMS 6265); Aubert & Duval and Service Steel Aerospace list it against 9310 and AMS 6265. It is a mill designation, not an EN 10084 grade.—Closest equivalent
EN 10027-1 name14NiCrMo13-4Ovako names it AISI 9315 in the US. Some variants match 9310's molybdenum, others do not.Euronorm 84 (withdrawn); mill gradeClosest equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.6657Material number of 14NiCrMo13-4. Listed against 9310 by MakeItFrom and Textron.—Closest equivalent
EN 10027-1 name15NiCr13 (1.5752)Molybdenum-free 3 % nickel steel, listed against 9310 by voestalpine. Lower chromium than 9310.EN 10084Closest equivalent
IndeIS 443213Ni13Cr3Nearest Indian grade by nickel and chromium; it has no molybdenum.IS 4432:1988Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 4053SNCM815Molybdenum-bearing, but nickel is 4.00–4.50 %, higher than 9310.JIS G 4053Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • 9310 has no exact European twin. 14NiCrMo13-4 (1.6657) is the usual EN-style name, but Ovako names it AISI 9315 and lists variants with molybdenum from 0.08 % up to 0.35 %. Only the low-molybdenum variants sit close to 9310.
  • 10NiCrMo13-5 is the name Aubert & Duval uses for its remelted 9310 (FADCW, AMS 6265), and Service Steel Aerospace lists it as the European designation of its 9310. Mills treat it as 9310, but it is a mill designation rather than an EN 10084 grade, so it is shown as closest. Ask the supplier for the AMS specification.
  • UK 832M13 (EN36C) is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum grade quoted against 14NiCrMo13-4 by stockists. 655M13 (EN36A) has no molybdenum and lower chromium. voestalpine lists 9310 against 1.5752 / EN36A, but those grades are not interchangeable with 9310 for aerospace work.
  • Two 832M13 analyses are shown. The Textron row is the historical 1955 EN36C analysis. The stockist row is the current-style 832M13 (carbon 0.10–0.16 %, chromium 0.70–1.00 %); stockists differ on phosphorus and sulphur (0.035–0.040 % and 0.040–0.050 %), so the looser quoted maxima are shown. 832M13 is not in BS 970-3:1991; it belongs to the older BS 970 parts.
  • SAE 3310, sometimes listed next to 9310 and EN36A, is a different steel with about 1.5 % chromium and no molybdenum.
  • India has no molybdenum-bearing 3 % nickel case-hardening grade in IS 4432. 13Ni13Cr3 is the nearest by nickel and chromium.
  • SNCM815 (JIS G 4053) has 4.00–4.50 % nickel, about 1 % more than 9310, so it is a closest match only.
  • Carpenter (mill) gives phosphorus and sulphur ≤0.025 % for AMS 6265 and 6267. Some suppliers, including Service Steel Aerospace, order to a tighter 0.015 %. Ask the supplier which limit applies.
  • Sources differ on 9310 silicon in the SAE J404 row: MakeItFrom and titanium.com give 0.20–0.35 %, while Rickard Metals prints 0.15–0.30 %.
  • Sources differ on the Lescalloy treatment A yield strength: Aircraft Materials gives 1117 MPa (162 ksi), while Service Steel Aerospace prints 155 ksi, which looks copied from treatment C.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

Element9310USA · SAE J404 (as tabulated by MakeItFrom)9310 VARUSA · AMS 6265 (as listed by Service Steel Aerospace; phosphorus and sulphur as given by Carpenter)832M13 (EN36C)UK · BS 970:1955, EN36C analysis, historical (as listed by Textron)832M13UK · Stockist data (Hillfoot, Aircraft Materials, c.c.steel, Longhai)14NiCrMo13-4EU · Ovako Steel Navigator, variant 253D15NiCr13 (1.5752)EU · EN 1008413Ni13Cr3Inde · IS 4432:1988SNCM815Japan · JIS G 4053
C0.08–0.130.07–0.130.12–0.180.10–0.160.12–0.170.14–0.200.10–0.150.12–0.18
Si0.20–0.350.15–0.350.10–0.350.10–0.350.15–0.35≤0.400.15–0.350.15–0.35
Mn0.45–0.650.40–0.700.30–0.600.35–0.600.40–0.700.40–0.700.40–0.700.30–0.60
P≤0.025≤0.025—≤0.040≤0.035≤0.025≤0.035≤0.030
S≤0.025≤0.025—≤0.050≤0.040≤0.035≤0.035≤0.030
Cr1.00–1.401.00–1.400.60–1.100.70–1.001.00–1.450.60–0.900.60–1.000.70–1.00
Ni3.00–3.503.00–3.503.00–3.753.00–3.752.95–3.353.00–3.503.00–3.504.00–4.50
Mo0.08–0.150.08–0.150.10–0.250.10–0.250.08–0.15——0.15–0.30

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Annealed (825 °C, slow cool), typicalTypical value, Aubert & Duval grade FADCWAubert & Duval FADCW data sheet———217 HB
Core, pseudo-carburized 927 °C 8 h, oil quenched, tempered 149 °CTypical core properties, Lescalloy 9310 vacuum arc (treatment A)Aircraft Materials UK, Lescalloy 9310 data sheet1289 MPa187 ksi1117 MPa162 ksi15 %375 HB
Core, pseudo-carburized 927 °C 8 h, slow cooled, reheated 774 °C, oil quenched, tempered 149 °CTypical core properties, Lescalloy 9310 vacuum arc (treatment B)Aircraft Materials UK, Lescalloy 9310 data sheet1069 MPa155 ksi896 MPa130 ksi15.5 %331 HB
Core, pseudo-carburized 927 °C 8 h, slow cooled, reheated 829 °C, oil quenched, tempered 149 °CTypical core properties, Lescalloy 9310 vacuum arc (treatment C)Aircraft Materials UK, Lescalloy 9310 data sheet1207 MPa175 ksi1069 MPa155 ksi16 %363 HB
Beneath the carburized layer, oil quenched from 825 °C, sub-zero −70 °C, tempered 150 °CTypical values, Aubert & Duval FADCW (10NiCrMo13-5); impact energy KV 140 JAubert & Duval FADCW data sheet1150 MPa167 ksi900 MPa131 ksi14 %—

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • High hardenability from 3 % nickel, chromium and molybdenum, so it suits relatively large sections and gives high core hardness (Service Steel Aerospace).
  • Low carbon with high alloy content gives a narrow spread of core hardness between thin and thick sections (Service Steel Aerospace).
  • Carburized and hardened surface of about 700 HV (Aubert & Duval), or about 60–62 HRC (Service Steel Aerospace), over a tough core.
  • Can also be used without case hardening, hardened and tempered, where its strength and toughness are enough (Service Steel Aerospace).
  • Aircraft grades are remelted: AMS 6265 specifies vacuum arc remelting, AMS 6267 allows electroslag or consumable-electrode vacuum remelting, and AMS 6260 is air-melted.
  • Critical points: Ac1 about 690 °C and Ac3 about 795 °C (Aubert & Duval).

Heat treatment

  • Forging: about 1100–900 °C (Aubert & Duval).
  • Annealing: about 825 °C followed by slow cooling (Aubert & Duval).
  • Carburizing: about 900 °C (Aubert & Duval); Service Steel Aerospace quotes 1650–1700 °F (900–925 °C).
  • Hardening: heat to 825–850 °C and oil quench (Aubert & Duval); Service Steel Aerospace quotes 1425–1545 °F (775–840 °C).
  • Sub-zero treatment at about −70 °C after quenching, for aerospace parts (Aubert & Duval).
  • Tempering: about 140–200 °C for carburized parts (Aubert & Duval); Service Steel Aerospace quotes 250–350 °F (120–175 °C).

Usages types

  • Aircraft engine gears and pinions
  • Aerospace transmission gears
  • Shafts and clutch parts
  • Piston pins and boring bars
  • Aluminium rolling mill rolls

Alloy and case-hardening steels

Similar grades compared

GradeC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
93100.08–0.130.45–0.651.00–1.403.00–3.501289 MPa
16MnCr50.13–0.180.70–0.900.70–0.90≤0.25≥1000 MPa
20MnCr50.17–0.220.70–0.900.70–0.90≤0.25≥1200 MPa
655M13 / EN36A0.08–0.130.45–0.651.00–1.403.00–3.50700–770 MPa
8620 / 20NiCrMo2-20.18–0.230.70–0.900.40–0.600.40–0.70530 MPa
4130 / 25CrMo40.28–0.330.40–0.600.80–1.10≤0.25590–760 MPa
4135 / 34CrMo40.33–0.380.70–0.900.80–1.10≤0.251000–1200 MPa
4140 / 42CrMo40.38–0.430.75–1.000.80–1.10≤0.25655 MPa
4340 / EN240.38–0.430.60–0.800.70–0.901.65–2.00745 MPa
5140 / 41Cr40.38–0.430.70–0.900.70–0.90≤0.25570 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Questions et réponses

Common questions

What is the equivalent of 9310 steel?

There is no exact one. The nearest are 14NiCrMo13-4 (1.6657) or 10NiCrMo13-5 in Europe, 832M13 (EN36C) in the UK, 13Ni13Cr3 in India and SNCM815 in Japan. Each differs in nickel, chromium or molybdenum, so aerospace work should specify AMS 6260 or 6265.

Is 9310 the same as EN36?

No. EN36A (655M13) is a molybdenum-free 3 % nickel steel with 0.70–1.00 % chromium, while 9310 has 1.00–1.40 % chromium and 0.08–0.15 % molybdenum. EN36C (832M13) adds molybdenum and is the nearer UK grade.

What is 9310 steel used for?

Heavily loaded carburized parts, mainly aircraft engine and transmission gears, pinions, shafts and clutch parts, where a hard case and a tough high-strength core are both needed.

What is the difference between 9310 and 8620?

9310 has about 3.25 % nickel and 1.20 % chromium against about 0.55 % nickel and 0.50 % chromium in 8620. The higher alloy content gives 9310 more hardenability for larger sections and a stronger, tougher core.

What does AMS 6265 mean?

AMS 6265 is the SAE aerospace material specification for 9310 bar and forgings made by vacuum arc remelting. AMS 6260 covers the air-melted quality.

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8620 / 20NiCrMo2-28620 is a low-alloy nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel with about 0.20 % carbon, supplied for carburizing to give a hard case over a tough core in gears, shafts and pins.655M13 / EN36A655M13, formerly EN36A, is a UK case-hardening steel with about 3.25 % nickel and 0.8 % chromium, used for heavily loaded gears and shafts in large sections.16MnCr516MnCr5 (1.7131) is a manganese-chromium case-hardening steel with 0.14–0.19 % carbon, used for gears, shafts and camshafts that are carburized and hardened.20MnCr520MnCr5 (1.7147) is a manganese-chromium case-hardening steel with 0.17–0.22 % carbon and a higher core strength than 16MnCr5, used for gears, shafts and cam parts.4340 / EN24AISI 4340 is a medium-carbon nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy steel, used hardened and tempered where high strength and toughness are needed in large sections.4140 / 42CrMo4AISI 4140 is a medium-carbon chromium-molybdenum alloy steel, normally used hardened and tempered for shafts, gears and high-strength bolts.Quenching and temperingQuenching and tempering hardens steel by cooling it rapidly from the austenite range to form martensite, then reheats it below Ac1 to trade some hardness for toughness.AnnealingAnnealing heats steel to a set temperature, holds it and cools it slowly to make it softer, more ductile and easier to machine or cold form.SAE / AISI numbersA four-digit SAE/AISI number such as 1045 or 4140 names a carbon or alloy steel by its chemistry: the first two digits identify the steel family and the last two give the nominal carbon content in hundredths of a percent.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.BS 970 and the EN seriesBS 970 names steels with a six-character code such as 080M40, in which the first three digits give the steel type, the letter says how the steel is specified and the last two digits give the carbon content.IS 1570 and Indian designationsIndian steel names follow the letter-symbol code in IS 1762 (Part 1), which the IS 1570 schedules use: 45C8 means about 0.45% carbon, C for carbon steel and about 0.8% manganese, while alloy names such as 40Cr4Mo3 list each element with a multiplied content figure.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. SAE J404: Chemical compositions of SAE alloy steels — Governs the 9310 composition limits; values here as tabulated by MakeItFrom.
  2. IS 4432:1988 Case hardening steels (public copy) — Grades, composition (Table 1), core properties of case-hardened test bars (Table 4) and heat-treatment guidance.
  3. Kobelco: wire rod and bar standard tables (JIS G 4053 alloy steels for machine structure) — JIS G 4053 composition tables (2008 revision).
  4. Aubert & Duval: FADCW 10NiCrMo13-5 data sheet — Lists 10NiCrMo13-5 with AISI 9310, UNS G93106 and AMS 6265; typical properties and heat treatment.
  5. Ovako Steel Navigator: 14NiCrMo13-4 — Variant compositions; names the grade AISI 9315 and lists 1.6657 and En36c.
  6. voestalpine High Performance Metals: AISI 9310 / 1.5752 / EN36A data sheet — Lists 9310 against 1.5752 and EN36A.
  7. MakeItFrom: SAE-AISI 9310 (1.6657, G93106) Ni-Cr-Mo steel — SAE composition limits and EN number cross-reference.
  8. Service Steel Aerospace: 9310 alloy steel AMS 6265 VAR data sheet — AMS 6265 composition, specifications, uses and heat treatment.
  9. Aircraft Materials UK: Lescalloy 9310 Vac-Arc technical data sheet — Typical core properties after pseudo-carburizing.
  10. Textron Steel Alloys: EN36C / 832M13 / 1.6657 / 14NiCrMo13-4 — 832M13 composition and equivalents.
  11. AUSA: case hardening steel 15NiCr13 — 15NiCr13 composition per EN 10084.
  12. Total Materia: SAE 3310 — 3310 chromium and carbon limits.
  13. Hillfoot: 832M13 (EN36C) data — 832M13 stockist composition; notes EN36C under the previous BS 970:1955.
  14. Aircraft Materials UK: 832M13 (EN36C) data — 832M13 stockist composition.
  15. c.c.steel: 832M13 data — 832M13 stockist composition.
  16. Longhai Steel: 832M13 data — 832M13 stockist composition.
  17. Carpenter Technology: 9310 alloy (AMS 6265 / 6267) — Phosphorus and sulphur ≤0.025 % for AMS 6265 and 6267 type analysis.
  18. Rickard Metals: E9310 alloy steel — E9310 nominal composition; silicon 0.15–0.30 %.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.