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Resources/Materials & grades/9254 / 54SiCr6

Materials & grades

9254 / 54SiCr6 / SUP12 chrome-silicon spring steel: equivalents 685A57 and 1.7102

9254 is a chromium-silicon spring steel with about 0.55 % carbon and 1.2–1.6 % silicon, hardened and tempered for suspension and valve springs. Its nearest names are 54SiCr6 (1.7102) in Europe and SUP12 in Japan, with 685A57 as the old British grade.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormeMatch
USAAISI/SAE92540.51–0.59 % C, 0.60–0.80 % Mn and 0.60–0.80 % Cr, with about 1.4 % Si.SAE J404; ASTM A29 (bar)Same material
UNSG92540—Same material
ASTM wire specificationA401/A401MChromium-silicon alloy spring wire, the wire form of this chemistry class; not a bar standard.ASTM A401/A401MClosest equivalent
UKBS 970685A57Total Materia lists it against 54SiCr6, SUP12 and SAE 9254: 0.55–0.60 % C and 0.60–0.85 % Cr.BS 970 (withdrawn)Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 name54SiCr6Hot-rolled spring steel for quenched and tempered springs.EN 10089Equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.7102EN 10089Equivalent
DIN (legacy)54SiCr6 (DIN 17221)Superseded German standard; the name carried into EN 10089.—Equivalent
JapanJIS G 4801SUP120.51–0.59 % C and 1.20–1.60 % Si. Total Materia lists SUP12 against SAE 9254, 54SiCr6 and 685A57.JIS G 4801Equivalent

On equivalence

  • 9254 and 54SiCr6 are close equivalents. Both have 0.51–0.59 % carbon and 1.2–1.6 % silicon; 54SiCr6 allows 0.50–0.80 % manganese and chromium, 9254 0.60–0.80 %.
  • SUP12 allows 0.60–0.90 % manganese and chromium. Total Materia lists it as the Japanese equivalent of both 9254 and 54SiCr6. The Kobelco table is the 2005 revision of JIS G 4801; check the 2021 edition.
  • 685A57 is the BS 970 grade Total Materia lists against 54SiCr6 and 9254. Its carbon is 0.55–0.60 % and chromium 0.60–0.85 %; silicon and manganese were not readable. Treat it as closest only.
  • No Indian grade with 1.2–1.6 % silicon and about 0.6 % chromium appears in IS 1570 (Part 4), so no Indian notation is given. Indian spring makers use silicon-manganese and chromium grades such as 55Cr3 (see the 5160 page).
  • One supplier sheet (Global Steel Wire) swaps the silicon and manganese ranges for 54SiCr6 and gives 1.0715 as the number. Mill tables (Nippon Steel Wire, Kobelco) and Total Materia support the ranges used here.
  • Total Materia also lists ISO 55SiCr6-3 as an equivalent of 54SiCr6.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

Element9254USA · SAE J404 / ASTM A29 (as listed by Total Materia and Alloys International)685A57UK · BS 970 (partial, as listed by Total Materia)54SiCr6 (1.7102)EU · EN 10089:2002 (as listed by Total Materia and steeldata)SUP12Japan · JIS G 4801 (Kobelco table, 2005 revision)SWOSC-V (wire form)Japan · Nippon Steel Wire catalogue, oil-tempered valve-spring wire
C0.51–0.590.55–0.600.51–0.590.51–0.590.51–0.59
Si1.20–1.60—1.20–1.601.20–1.601.20–1.60
Mn0.60–0.80—0.50–0.800.60–0.900.50–0.80
P———≤0.030≤0.025
S———≤0.030≤0.025
Cr0.60–0.800.60–0.850.50–0.800.60–0.900.50–0.80
Cu—≤0.35—≤0.30≤0.20

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
EN 10089 spring state (condition not stated on the source page)Specified tensile range; elongation is a minimum. EN 10089 properties are for quenched and tempered springsTotal Materia, 54SiCr6 (EN 10089:2002)1450–1750 MPa210–254 ksi—≥6 %—
Oil-tempered Si-Cr valve-spring wire SWOSC-VWire diameter 1.00 mm; mill rangeNippon Steel Wire, spring wire catalogue 20252010–2160 MPa292–313 ksi———
Oil-tempered Si-Cr valve-spring wire SWOSC-VWire diameter 2.00 mm; mill rangeNippon Steel Wire, spring wire catalogue 20251910–2060 MPa277–299 ksi———
Oil-tempered Si-Cr valve-spring wire SWOSC-VWire diameter 4.00 mm; mill rangeNippon Steel Wire, spring wire catalogue 20251810–1960 MPa263–284 ksi———
Oil-tempered Si-Cr wire for general springs SWOSC-BWire diameter 6.00 mm; mill rangeNippon Steel Wire, spring wire catalogue 20251710–1860 MPa248–270 ksi———

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Silicon of 1.20–1.60 % gives high strength and resistance to taking a permanent set (sag), which is why the chemistry is used for valve and suspension springs.
  • ASTM A401 covers chromium-silicon spring wire for springs that resist permanent set at moderately elevated temperatures. It is not intended for high-cycle fatigue; ASTM points to A877/A877M for that.
  • Nippon Steel Wire makes Si-Cr oil-tempered wire for valve springs (SWOSC-V) and general and suspension springs (SWOSC-B, SWOSC-K).
  • Ovako lists a similar Si-Cr bar grade, 56SiCr7, with about 1.8 % silicon; it is a different grade.
  • Total Materia gives 850 ±5 °C as the end-quench (Jominy) test temperature for 54SiCr6 under EN 10089.

Heat treatment

  • Hardening: the EN 10089 end-quench test for 54SiCr6 uses 850 ±5 °C (1560 °F) (Total Materia).
  • Bars are quenched in oil and tempered to the strength class required; the sources used give no tempering temperature for the standard bar grade, so none is quoted.
  • Wire is supplied oil tempered (ASTM A401 and the SWOSC wire grades) or annealed and cold drawn for hardening after coiling (ASTM A401).

Usages types

  • Engine valve springs (as oil-tempered wire)
  • Clutch and suspension coil springs
  • Automotive and industrial suspension springs (hot-rolled bar and wire rod)
  • Springs that must resist set at moderately elevated temperatures

Spring steels

Similar grades compared

GradeC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
9254 / 54SiCr60.51–0.590.60–0.800.60–0.80—1450–1750 MPa
5160 / 55Cr30.56–0.640.75–1.000.70–0.90—724 MPa
1075 / C75S0.70–0.800.40–0.70≤0.40≤0.40≤640 MPa
A228 music wire0.70–1.000.20–0.70——2400–2650 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Questions et réponses

Common questions

What is the equivalent of 9254 steel?

54SiCr6 (1.7102) to EN 10089 in Europe and SUP12 to JIS G 4801 in Japan. The old British grade is 685A57. No Indian grade matches this chemistry.

Is 9254 the same as 54SiCr6?

They are close equivalents: both have 0.51–0.59 % carbon and 1.20–1.60 % silicon. 54SiCr6 allows 0.50–0.80 % manganese and chromium, against 0.60–0.80 % for 9254.

What is SAE 9254 used for?

Valve springs, clutch springs and suspension springs, often as oil-tempered wire. The silicon content gives high strength and good resistance to permanent set.

What is ASTM A401?

ASTM A401/A401M is the specification for chromium-silicon alloy steel spring wire, supplied annealed and cold drawn or quenched and tempered. It is the wire form of this steel class.

How does 9254 differ from 5160?

9254 adds 1.20–1.60 % silicon and has slightly less chromium (0.60–0.80 % against 0.70–0.90 %). The silicon-chromium chemistry is the one ASTM A401 specifies for springs that resist permanent set at moderately elevated temperatures. 5160 is the usual choice for heavy leaf springs.

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Keep reading

6150 / 51CrV46150 is a chromium-vanadium alloy steel with about 0.50 % carbon, hardened and tempered for springs, gears, shafts and pinions.5160 / 55Cr35160 is a chromium spring steel with 0.56–0.64 % carbon and 0.70–0.90 % chromium, hardened and tempered for leaf and coil springs.1075 / C75S1075 is a plain high-carbon steel with 0.70–0.80 % carbon, used for spring strip, blades and stamped parts after hardening and tempering.A228 music wireA228 is ASTM's music spring quality wire: cold-drawn high-carbon steel wire with 0.70–1.00 % carbon and tensile strength that rises steeply as the diameter falls.Quenching and temperingQuenching and tempering hardens steel by cooling it rapidly from the austenite range to form martensite, then reheats it below Ac1 to trade some hardness for toughness.AnnealingAnnealing heats steel to a set temperature, holds it and cools it slowly to make it softer, more ductile and easier to machine or cold form.SAE / AISI numbersA four-digit SAE/AISI number such as 1045 or 4140 names a carbon or alloy steel by its chemistry: the first two digits identify the steel family and the last two give the nominal carbon content in hundredths of a percent.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.BS 970 and the EN seriesBS 970 names steels with a six-character code such as 080M40, in which the first three digits give the steel type, the letter says how the steel is specified and the last two digits give the carbon content.IS 1570 and Indian designationsIndian steel names follow the letter-symbol code in IS 1762 (Part 1), which the IS 1570 schedules use: 45C8 means about 0.45% carbon, C for carbon steel and about 0.8% manganese, while alloy names such as 40Cr4Mo3 list each element with a multiplied content figure.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. Kobelco: wire rods and bars specification tables (JIS G 4801) — SUP12 composition from the JIS G 4801 table (2005 revision).
  2. Nippon Steel Wire: spring wire product catalogue (2025) — SWOSC-V and SWOSC-B composition and tensile strength by diameter.
  3. Ovako: spring steel grades — Typical analysis of 56SiCr7 for comparison.
  4. SAE Mobilus: AMS6451C Steel, spring wire 1.4Si - 0.65Cr (0.51 - 0.59C) (SAE 9254) oil tempered — Aerospace spring-wire specification for 9254.
  5. ASTM A401/A401M: Steel wire, chromium-silicon alloy — Scope: annealed and cold drawn or quenched and tempered wire for springs that resist set; fatigue limits.
  6. Total Materia: 54SiCr6 (EN 10089:2002) — Carbon, manganese and chromium limits, tensile range, end-quench temperature, cross-references.
  7. Total Materia: SAE 9254 — Carbon, manganese and chromium; cross-references to SUP 12, 685A57 and G92540.
  8. Total Materia: B.S. 685A57 — Partial composition and cross-references to 54SiCr6, SUP 12 and SAE 9254.
  9. steeldata.info: 54SiCr6 (1.7102) — Full EN 10089 composition as quoted in search results.
  10. Alloys International: alloy steel 9254 — Silicon range for SAE 9254.
  11. Global Steel Wire: 54SiCr6 material specification sheet — Wire-rod sheet; its Si/Mn labels disagree with the mill tables and were not used.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.