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Resources/Materials & grades/A106 Grade B

Materials & grades

ASTM A106 Grade B seamless pipe: equivalents P235GH, P265GH and JIS STPT410

ASTM A106 Grade B (ASME SA-106) is the standard seamless carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service in refineries, power plants and process lines, with a 240 MPa (35 ksi) minimum yield and 415 MPa (60 ksi) minimum tensile strength. EN 10216-2 P265GH and JIS G 3456 STPT410 are its closest matches; India has no clearly equivalent current standard.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormaMatch
USAASTMA106 Grade BSeamless carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service, NPS 1/8 to 48. Grades A, B and C; B is by far the most used.ASTM A106/A106MSame material
UNSK03006UNS number listed for A106 Grade B in piping codes such as ASME B31.3; confirm against the code edition you use.—Same material
ASMESA-106 Grade BASME adoption for boiler and pressure-vessel work.ASME BPVC Section II Part AEquivalent
ASTMA53 Grade BSame strength minimums but welded or seamless, lower-temperature general service, no silicon minimum.ASTM A53/A53MClosest equivalent
UKBS EN 10216-2P265GHSeamless tubes for pressure purposes with specified elevated-temperature properties. Material number 1.0425.BS EN 10216-2Closest equivalent
BS EN 10216-2P235GHLower strength than A106 B (360–500 MPa tensile). Material number 1.0345.BS EN 10216-2Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 nameP265GHMaterial number 1.0425. The nearer match on strength: 410–570 MPa tensile, 265 MPa yield (wall up to 16 mm).EN 10216-2Closest equivalent
EN 10027-1 nameP235GHMaterial number 1.0345. 360–500 MPa tensile and 235 MPa yield, below A106 B's 415 MPa tensile minimum.EN 10216-2Closest equivalent
DIN (legacy)DIN 17175 St 35.8 / St 45.8Superseded by EN 10216-2. The old seamless boiler and high-temperature tube grades.DIN 17175Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 3456STPT410Carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service; the Japanese counterpart, with a 410 MPa tensile minimum.JIS G 3456Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • No grade in another region is identical. P265GH (1.0425) is the nearer European match on strength; P235GH has lower tensile limits (360–500 MPa).
  • A106 B has a 415 MPa tensile minimum; STPT410 has 410 MPa, so JIS pipe can be a few MPa weaker at the minimum.
  • India: no current Indian standard was found that is explicitly equivalent to A106 B. IS 1914 (carbon steel boiler and superheater tubes) is withdrawn and shown by BIS as an indigenous standard, so do not quote it as an equivalent.
  • Material number 1.0345 is P235GH and 1.0425 is P265GH. Some charts list P235GH against A106 B; its lower tensile range makes it a weaker substitute.
  • Sources disagree on A106 elongation (30 % on strip or full section, about 22 % on a round 2 in. specimen); check the test basis called for.
  • EN 10216-2 sulphur for P235GH and P265GH is shown as ≤0.010 %, as Mannesmann and other mill sheets give it; some secondary tables print ≤0.020 %.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

ElementGrade BUSA · ASTM A106/A106MP235GH (1.0345)EU · EN 10216-2P265GH (1.0425)EU · EN 10216-2STPT410Japan · JIS G 3456
C≤0.30≤0.16≤0.20≤0.30
Si≥0.10≤0.35≤0.400.10–0.35
Mn0.29–1.06≤1.20≤1.400.30–1.00
P≤0.035≤0.025≤0.025≤0.035
S≤0.035≤0.010≤0.010≤0.035
Cr≤0.40≤0.30≤0.30—
Ni≤0.40≤0.30≤0.30—
Mo≤0.15≤0.08≤0.08—
V≤0.08≤0.02≤0.02—
Cu≤0.40≤0.30≤0.30—
Ti—≤0.04≤0.04—

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
As produced (A106 Grade B)Specified minimum; longitudinal elongation about 30 % in 2 in. on strip or full-section tests, lower on thin walls and by round-bar testsASTM A106/A106M as reported by Project Materials and ASME B31.3 tables≥415 MPa≥60 ksi≥240 MPa≥35 ksi≥30 %—
Normalized (EN 10216-2 P235GH)Specified, wall up to 16 mm; elongation longitudinal 25 %, transverse 23 %EN 10216-2 as tabulated by MFG Robots360–500 MPa52–73 ksi≥235 MPa≥34 ksi≥25 %—
Normalized (EN 10216-2 P265GH)Specified, wall up to 16 mm; elongation longitudinal 23 %, transverse 21 %EN 10216-2 as tabulated by MFG Robots410–570 MPa59–83 ksi≥265 MPa≥38 ksi≥23 %—
As produced (JIS G 3456 STPT410)Specified minimums as tabulated by a database; elongation depends on test piece and wallJIS G 3456 as summarised by MFG Robots≥410 MPa≥59 ksi≥245 MPa≥35.5 ksi——

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Seamless only. Hot finished, or cold drawn and then heat treated.
  • Silicon is required (0.10 % minimum), which makes it a killed steel and is the main chemistry difference from A53 B.
  • Used up to roughly 425 °C; allowable stress falls with temperature (ASME B31.3). Above that, piping engineers move to chromium-molybdenum pipe such as A335 P11 or P22.
  • Weldable; carbon is held at 0.30 % maximum and the total of Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni and V is limited.
  • Common in sizes from small instrument lines to large steam headers, in schedule thicknesses.

Heat treatment

  • Hot-finished pipe is supplied without further heat treatment; cold-drawn pipe is normalized or stress relieved after drawing.
  • EN 10216-2 grades are supplied normalized (+N), which gives a refined grain and a defined elevated-temperature yield.
  • Post-weld heat treatment depends on wall thickness and the governing code (B31.1, B31.3 or ASME Section I).

Usos habituales

  • Refinery and petrochemical process piping
  • Power-plant steam and feedwater lines
  • High-temperature boiler headers and connecting pipe
  • General high-pressure carbon steel piping

Pipe and tube steels

Similar grades compared

GradoC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
A106 Grade B≤0.300.29–1.06≤0.40≤0.40≥415 MPa
A53 Grade B≤0.30≤1.20≤0.40≤0.40≥415 MPa
API 5L X42 / L290≤0.28≤1.30≤0.50≤0.50≥415 MPa
API 5L X52 / L360≤0.28≤1.40≤0.50≤0.50≥460 MPa
API 5L X60 / L415≤0.28≤1.40≤0.50≤0.50≥520 MPa
API 5L X65 / L450≤0.28≤1.40≤0.50≤0.50≥535 MPa
API 5L X70 / L485≤0.28≤1.40≤0.50≤0.50≥570 MPa
A500 Grade B / C≤0.26≤1.35——≥400 MPa
IS Yst 310≤0.26≤1.35——≥330 MPa
S355J2H≤0.23≤1.35——470–630 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Preguntas resueltas

Common questions

What is the EN equivalent of ASTM A106 Grade B?

EN 10216-2 P265GH (1.0425) is the closest, with 410–570 MPa tensile and 265 MPa yield. P235GH (1.0345) is also quoted but is weaker, with 360–500 MPa tensile.

What is the difference between A106 B and A53 B?

Both have a 415 MPa tensile and 240 MPa yield minimum. A106 B is seamless only, requires at least 0.10 % silicon and is intended for high temperature; A53 B can be welded or seamless and is for general service.

What is the Japanese equivalent of A106 Grade B?

JIS G 3456 STPT410 is the closest. It is a carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service with a 410 MPa tensile minimum.

Is there an Indian equivalent of A106 Grade B?

No current Indian standard was found that is explicitly equivalent. IS 1914 for boiler tubes is withdrawn, and Indian projects normally specify A106 B directly.

What is the maximum temperature for A106 Grade B?

Service is generally limited to about 425 °C (800 °F) because carbon steel can form graphite on prolonged exposure above that (see the ASME B31.3 Appendix A notes), and allowable stress drops as temperature rises. Above that, alloy pipe such as A335 P11 or P22 is normally used.

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A53 Grade BASTM A53 Grade B is the general-purpose US carbon steel pipe for water, gas, air and low-pressure steam, supplied black or hot-dip galvanized, welded (Type E) or seamless (Type S), with a 240 MPa (35 ksi) minimum yield and 415 MPa (60 ksi) minimum tensile strength.API 5L X42 / L290API 5L X42 (ISO 3183 L290) is a line pipe grade with a minimum yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi).A516 Gr 70 / P355GHASTM A516 Grade 70 (ASME SA-516 Grade 70) is a carbon-manganese steel plate for welded pressure vessels and boilers in moderate and lower-temperature service, with 70–90 ksi (485–620 MPa) tensile strength and a 38 ksi (260 MPa) minimum yield.NormalizingNormalizing heats steel above its upper critical temperature and lets it cool in still air to give a fine, uniform ferrite–pearlite structure.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. ASTM A106/A106M: Seamless carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service — Scope and grades; the specification is copyrighted.
  2. ANSI Blog: ASTM A106-18 standard seamless carbon steel pipe
  3. Project Materials: ASTM A106 Grade B specifications — Composition, tensile, yield, temperature limit.
  4. Total Materia: ASTM A106 Grade B — Equivalents listed as P235GH and P265GH.
  5. MFG Robots: EN 10216-2 P235GH — Composition and mechanical data.
  6. MFG Robots: EN 10216-2 P265GH
  7. MFG Robots: JIS G 3456 STPT410 — Tensile and yield for STPT410.
  8. Total Materia: JIS STPT 410 — Phosphorus 0.035 max, manganese 0.30–1.00, tensile 410 and yield 245 MPa; governing standard G 3456.
  9. BIS record: IS 1914 carbon steel boiler and superheater tubes — Status: withdrawn, indigenous (no international equivalence).
  10. Wermac: ASTM A106 pipe — Grade B composition including Si 0.10 min and V 0.08 max; tensile 60 ksi, yield 35 ksi.
  11. Indpipe: A106 Gr B specification sheet — Grade B C, Mn, P, S, Si min 0.10; tensile and yield.
  12. Mannesmann: EN 10216-2 P235GH — Composition limits and tensile range; lists S 0.010 max.
  13. Mannesmann: EN 10216-2 P265GH — Composition limits, tensile 410–570 MPa and elongation 23 % longitudinal, 21 % transverse; lists S 0.010 max.
  14. ICAST: EN 10216-2 1.0425 (P265GH) data sheet — Composition limits with S 0.020 max, yield 265 min.
  15. MW Alloys: carbon steel seamless pipe grade comparison — STPT410 composition including Si 0.10–0.35, Mn 0.30–1.00, P and S 0.035 max.
  16. Alloy Piping Products: UNS specification chart — UNS K03006 listed against A106 Grade B.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.