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Resources/Materials & grades/5160 / 55Cr3

Materials & grades

5160 / 55Cr3 / SUP9A spring steel: 527A60 (EN48) and nearest European grade 55Cr3 (1.7176)

5160 is a chromium spring steel with 0.56–0.64 % carbon and 0.70–0.90 % chromium, hardened and tempered for leaf and coil springs. Its nearest names are 55Cr3 (1.7176) in Europe, 527A60 in the UK and SUP9A in Japan, with 55Cr3 in IS 1570 as the Indian name.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormaMatch
USAAISI/SAE5160SAE J404; ASTM A29 (bar)Same material
AISI/SAE5160HHardenability-guaranteed version. The H-band limits are wider than 5160: 0.55–0.65 % C, 0.65–1.10 % Mn and 0.60–1.00 % Cr (Summit Steel, eFunda). Continental Steel lists the plain 5160 limits for 5160H.ASTM A304 (H-band)Equivalent
UNSG51600—Same material
AISI/SAE5155Slightly lower carbon. Ovako lists 5155 and 5160 together against 55Cr3; Total Materia lists 5155 against SUP9.SAE J404Closest equivalent
UKBS 970527A60Hot-formed spring steel with 0.55–0.65 % C, 0.70–1.00 % Mn and 0.60–0.90 % Cr (Total Materia). Ovako lists it against 55Cr3 and 5160.BS 970-5 (withdrawn)Equivalent
BS 970 (1955 EN series)EN48Superseded 1955 name, still searched. Total Materia lists En48 against 527A60; limits are not tabulated here.—Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 name55Cr3Hot-rolled spring steel for quenched and tempered springs, with 0.52–0.59 % C. Its carbon overlaps 5160 only at 0.56–0.59 %; Misumi pairs 55Cr3 with SUP9 and SAE 5155, and SUP9A with 5160.EN 10089Closest equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.7176EN 10089Closest equivalent
DIN (legacy)55Cr3 (DIN 17221)Superseded German standard; the name carried into EN 10089.—Closest equivalent
IndiaIS 157055Cr3Same name as the EN grade, but 0.50–0.60 % C, 0.60–0.80 % Mn and 0.60–0.80 % Cr: a lower carbon and narrower band.IS 1570 (Part 4):1988Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 4801SUP9A0.56–0.64 % C, 0.70–1.00 % Mn and 0.70–1.00 % Cr, the nearest JIS band to 5160.JIS G 4801Equivalent
JIS G 4801SUP9Slightly lower carbon (0.52–0.60 %) and manganese; closer to 5155.JIS G 4801Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • 5160 and 55Cr3 are close but not identical. 5160 has 0.56–0.64 % carbon and 0.75–1.00 % manganese; 55Cr3 has 0.52–0.59 % carbon, 0.70–1.00 % manganese and 0.70–1.00 % chromium. Ovako lists 5155 as well as 5160 against 55Cr3.
  • 527A60 is listed against EN48 by Total Materia and against 5160 and 55Cr3 by Ovako. BS 970 and the 1955 EN series are withdrawn in favour of European standards.
  • IS 1570 (Part 4) has a 55Cr3 grade, but its limits (0.50–0.60 % C, 0.60–0.80 % Mn and Cr) differ from EN 10089. IS 3431 covers steel for automotive suspension springs; its grade list was not checked here.
  • SUP9A matches 5160 closely by carbon. SUP9 allows less carbon (0.52–0.60 %). The Kobelco table is the 2005 revision of JIS G 4801; check the current 2021 edition.
  • 51CrV4 (6150) is the chromium-vanadium alternative; see its page. 55Cr3 is the plain chromium grade of EN 10089.
  • The silicon limit is 0.15–0.35 % in SAE J404 as listed by H2ABC and BBN Steel Stores and in MWalloys; AZoM and Continental Steel show 0.15–0.30 %. H2ABC and BBN give phosphorus as ≤0.030 % against ≤0.035 % in AZoM. AZoM's manganese is 0.75–1.00 %, MWalloys gives 0.70–1.00 %.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

Element5160USA · ASTM A29 / SAE J404 (as listed by AZoM, H2ABC and BBN Steel Stores)527A60UK · BS 970-5 (as listed by Total Materia)55Cr3 (1.7176)EU · EN 10089:2002 (as listed by Ovako)55Cr3India · IS 1570 (Part 4):1988SUP9AJapan · JIS G 4801 (Kobelco table, 2005 revision)SUP9Japan · JIS G 4801 (Kobelco table, 2005 revision)
C0.56–0.640.55–0.650.52–0.590.50–0.600.56–0.640.52–0.60
Si0.15–0.35—≤0.400.10–0.350.15–0.350.15–0.35
Mn0.75–1.000.70–1.000.70–1.000.60–0.800.70–1.000.65–0.95
P≤0.035—≤0.025—≤0.030≤0.030
S≤0.040—≤0.025—≤0.030≤0.030
Cr0.70–0.900.60–0.900.70–1.000.60–0.800.70–1.000.65–0.95
Cu————≤0.30≤0.30

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Typical bar, condition not statedTypical values, not specified minimums; AZoM gives no heat treatment, and the hardness matches annealed barAZoM, AISI 5160 alloy steel (UNS G51600)724 MPa105 ksi275 MPa40 ksi17.2 %197 HB
As rolled (+AR), 55Cr3 to Ovako SB 9257Round bar under 30 mm; yield is a minimum (ReH), tensile is typical, elongation A5Ovako Steel Navigator, 55Cr3985 MPa143 ksi≥640 MPa≥93 ksi17 %<330 HB
Quenched and tempered (+QT), 55Cr3 to Ovako SB 9257Round bar under 30 mm; yield (ReL) and elongation A5 are minimumsOvako Steel Navigator, 55Cr31400–1700 MPa203–247 ksi≥1250 MPa≥181 ksi≥8 %—
Oil quenched and tempered at 400–500 °C (750–930 °F)Typical hardness range quoted by a stockist, not a specified valueMWalloys, 5160 alloy steel spring———40–48 HRC

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • AZoM names leaf springs for the automotive field as the application of 5160. Ovako gives stabilizer bars for its niobium-added 55Cr3.
  • Chromium raises hardenability above plain 0.60 % carbon steels, so heavier sections harden through than 1075 or 1060 allow.
  • Ovako lists a carbon equivalent CEV ≤0.88 for 55Cr3 to EN 10089 and ≤0.92 for its own SB 9257 version.
  • Ovako's theoretical transformation temperatures for SB 9257: Ac1 734 °C, Ac3 763 °C, Ms 263 °C.
  • AZoM rates machinability at about 55 % of 1212 (spheroidized annealed and cold drawn) and advises annealing before machining.

Heat treatment

  • Forging: 1149–1204 °C (2100–2200 °F) (AZoM).
  • Annealing: 788 °C (1450 °F), air cool, per AZoM.
  • Hardening: 829 °C (1525 °F), oil quench (AZoM). MWalloys gives 830–860 °C (1525–1580 °F), oil at 60–80 °C.
  • Tempering: 427–704 °C (800–1300 °F) (AZoM). For spring hardness of 40–48 HRC MWalloys gives 400–500 °C (750–930 °F) for 1–2 hours.

Usos habituales

  • Automotive leaf springs
  • Heavy coil springs and torsion bars
  • Stabilizer bars (Ovako 55Cr3)
  • Hot-formed springs for vehicles and machinery
  • Knife and sword blanks

Spring steels

Similar grades compared

GradoC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
5160 / 55Cr30.56–0.640.75–1.000.70–0.90—724 MPa
9254 / 54SiCr60.51–0.590.60–0.800.60–0.80—1450–1750 MPa
1075 / C75S0.70–0.800.40–0.70≤0.40≤0.40≤640 MPa
A228 music wire0.70–1.000.20–0.70——2400–2650 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Preguntas resueltas

Common questions

What is the equivalent of 5160 steel?

55Cr3 (1.7176) in Europe, 527A60 in the UK and SUP9A in Japan are the nearest names; 527A60 and SUP9A are the closer matches by composition. 55Cr3 in IS 1570 is the nearest Indian grade. The old British name is EN48.

Is 5160 the same as 55Cr3?

They are close but not identical. 5160 has 0.56–0.64 % carbon and 0.70–0.90 % chromium; 55Cr3 has 0.52–0.59 % carbon and 0.70–1.00 % chromium, with up to 1.00 % manganese.

What is EN48 steel?

EN48 is the superseded 1955 British name for the spring steel now listed as 527A60 under BS 970-5. The closest current European grade is 55Cr3 to EN 10089.

What is 5160 steel used for?

Leaf springs are the classic use. It is also made into coil springs, torsion and stabilizer bars, and, outside spring work, knife and sword blanks.

What is the difference between 5160 and 6150?

6150 adds vanadium (at least 0.15 %) for finer grain and fatigue strength. 5160 has no vanadium and 0.70–0.90 % chromium. See the 6150 / 51CrV4 page.

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Keep reading

6150 / 51CrV46150 is a chromium-vanadium alloy steel with about 0.50 % carbon, hardened and tempered for springs, gears, shafts and pinions.1075 / C75S1075 is a plain high-carbon steel with 0.70–0.80 % carbon, used for spring strip, blades and stamped parts after hardening and tempering.9254 / 54SiCr69254 is a chromium-silicon spring steel with about 0.55 % carbon and 1.2–1.6 % silicon, hardened and tempered for suspension and valve springs.5140 / 41Cr45140 is a medium-carbon chromium steel with about 0.40 % carbon, hardened and tempered for shafts, axles and steering parts.4140 / 42CrMo4AISI 4140 is a medium-carbon chromium-molybdenum alloy steel, normally used hardened and tempered for shafts, gears and high-strength bolts.1060 / C601060 is a high-carbon steel with about 0.60 % carbon, supplied hot rolled, annealed or normalized for parts that need a hard, wear-resistant surface or a spring-like temper.Quenching and temperingQuenching and tempering hardens steel by cooling it rapidly from the austenite range to form martensite, then reheats it below Ac1 to trade some hardness for toughness.AnnealingAnnealing heats steel to a set temperature, holds it and cools it slowly to make it softer, more ductile and easier to machine or cold form.NormalizingNormalizing heats steel above its upper critical temperature and lets it cool in still air to give a fine, uniform ferrite–pearlite structure.SAE / AISI numbersA four-digit SAE/AISI number such as 1045 or 4140 names a carbon or alloy steel by its chemistry: the first two digits identify the steel family and the last two give the nominal carbon content in hundredths of a percent.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.BS 970 and the EN seriesBS 970 names steels with a six-character code such as 080M40, in which the first three digits give the steel type, the letter says how the steel is specified and the last two digits give the carbon content.IS 1570 and Indian designationsIndian steel names follow the letter-symbol code in IS 1762 (Part 1), which the IS 1570 schedules use: 45C8 means about 0.45% carbon, C for carbon steel and about 0.8% manganese, while alloy names such as 40Cr4Mo3 list each element with a multiplied content figure.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. Ovako Steel Navigator: 55Cr3 material data sheet — EN 10089 composition, SB 9257 properties, similar designations (5155, 5160, 527A60, 1.7176), transformation temperatures.
  2. Kobelco: wire rods and bars specification tables (JIS G 4801) — SUP9 and SUP9A composition from the JIS G 4801 table (2005 revision).
  3. IS 1570 (Part 4):1988 Schedules for wrought steels, alloy steels (public copy) — Table 1 composition for 55Cr3.
  4. Bureau of Indian Standards: IS 3431:1982 steel for volute helical and laminated springs for automotive suspension — Title and scope only.
  5. AZoM: AISI 5160 alloy steel (UNS G51600) — Composition, typical properties, heat treatment, ASTM and SAE designations.
  6. Total Materia: B.S. 527 A 60 — BS 970-5 composition and En48 cross-reference.
  7. Total Materia: ASTM A 506 G51600 — Carbon, manganese and chromium limits for G51600.
  8. Total Materia: JIS SUP 9 — SUP9 cross-references to SAE 5155, 55Cr3 and 1.7176.
  9. H2ABC: 5160 G51600, SAE J404-2000 — J404 composition for 5160: Si 0.15–0.35, P ≤0.030, S ≤0.040 (checker, 2026-10-28).
  10. BBN Steel Stores: SAE 5160 (SAE J404) — Agrees with H2ABC on Si 0.15–0.35 (checker, 2026-10-28).
  11. Summit Steel: alloy H steel chemical ranges — 5160H band: C 0.55–0.65, Mn 0.65–1.10, Si 0.15–0.35, Cr 0.60–1.00 (checker, 2026-10-28).
  12. eFunda: AISI 5160H — 5160H C 0.55–0.65, Mn 0.65–1.10, Cr 0.60–1.00 (checker, 2026-10-28).
  13. Continental Steel: 5160H — 5160H composition and ASTM A304 / A689 reference.
  14. ZKnives: 527A60 spring steel — Describes 527A60 as UK spring steel used for swords and large knives; lists SUP9A, 5160 and G51600 beside it.
  15. MWalloys: 5160 alloy steel spring — Quench and temper schedule and hardness range.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.