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Resources/Materials & grades/A500 Grade B / C

Materials & grades

ASTM A500 Grade B / Grade C structural tubing (HSS): equivalents S355J2H, S275J0H, IS 4923 and JIS STKR

ASTM A500 covers cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel structural tubing in rounds and shapes; Grade C is the usual choice for US hollow structural sections (HSS), with a 345 MPa (50 ksi) minimum yield for all shapes since the 2021 edition (round tubes were 315 MPa, 46 ksi, before). EN 10219 S355J2H, IS 4923 Yst 355 and JIS G 3466 STKR490 are the closest foreign grades; none is identical.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormMatch
USAASTMA500 Grade CCold-formed welded and seamless structural tubing, round and shaped. The grade AISC tables are based on; most producers dual-certify to B and C.ASTM A500/A500MSame material
ASTMA500 Grade BLower yield and higher carbon limit than Grade C.ASTM A500/A500MSame material
UNSK03000UNS number for Grade B as listed by Wikipedia; confirm against the standard.—Same material
UNSK02705UNS number for Grade C as listed by Wikipedia; confirm against the standard.—Same material
ASTMA1085 Grade ANewer HSS standard: 50 ksi yield with a 70 ksi maximum, 65 ksi tensile, Charpy toughness, and tighter wall tolerance. Meets or exceeds A500 Grade C minimums.ASTM A1085/A1085MClosest equivalent
UKBS EN 10219-1S355J2HCold-formed hollow sections. See the S355J2H page.BS EN 10219-1Closest equivalent
BS EN 10219-1S275J0HThe nearer UK match to A500 Grade B on yield.BS EN 10219-1Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 nameS355J2HMaterial number 1.0576. 355 MPa yield and 470–630 MPa tensile; 27 J at −20 °C. Stronger than A500 C on tensile and tested for impact.EN 10219-1 (cold formed), EN 10210-1 (hot finished)Closest equivalent
EN 10027-1 nameS275J0HMaterial number 1.0149. 275 MPa yield, 410–560 MPa tensile (3–16 mm); 27 J at 0 °C.EN 10219-1, EN 10210-1Closest equivalent
IndienIS 4923Yst 310Indian hollow steel section grade; 310 MPa yield, 450 MPa tensile. Nearest to A500 Grade B.IS 4923Closest equivalent
IS 4923Yst 355355 MPa yield. Nearest to A500 Grade C and to S355J2H.IS 4923Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 3466STKR400Square and rectangular tubes: 245 MPa yield, 400 MPa tensile. Nearest to A500 Grade B.JIS G 3466Closest equivalent
JIS G 3466STKR490Square and rectangular tubes: 325 MPa yield, 490 MPa tensile. Nearest to A500 Grade C.JIS G 3466Closest equivalent
JIS G 3444STK400 / STK490Round tubes for general structural use, the Japanese counterpart for round A500 tubing.JIS G 3444Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • No foreign grade is identical to A500. S355J2H is the usual quoted pairing for Grade C, but it asks for 355 MPa yield, 470–630 MPa tensile and 27 J at −20 °C, none of which A500 requires.
  • Before the 2021 edition A500 round tubing carried lower yield minimums than shaped tubing (Grade C: 46 against 50 ksi). From A500-21 one yield value applies to all shapes, as in most European and Japanese standards.
  • Older tables, including some producer pages and Wikipedia, show Grade B round at 42 ksi and Grade C round at 46 ksi. The Steel Tube Institute and Atlas Tube state that A500-21 removed Grade A and unified the yield for round and shaped tubes (Grade C 50 ksi for all shapes). Check the edition on your purchase order.
  • IS 4923 gained Yst 420 and Yst 460 in Amendment 2 (applied from April 2023). Yst 310 and Yst 355 remain the common grades for A500-type use.
  • JIS G 3466 (STKR) covers square and rectangular tubes only; for round tubes use JIS G 3444 (STK).
  • For IS 4923 Yst 310, Tata Steel gives phosphorus and sulphur ≤0.050 %; Total Materia and other summaries give ≤0.040 %, probably from a different edition.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

ElementGrade B (heat analysis)USA · ASTM A500/A500MGrade C (heat analysis)USA · ASTM A500/A500MS355J2H (1.0576), up to 16 mmEU · EN 10219-1S275J0H (1.0149), up to 16 mmEU · EN 10219-1Yst 310Indien · IS 4923 (as given by Tata Steel)STKR400Japan · JIS G 3466STKR490Japan · JIS G 3466
C≤0.26≤0.23≤0.22≤0.20—≤0.25≤0.18
Si——≤0.55———≤0.55
Mn≤1.35≤1.35≤1.60≤1.50——≤1.50
P≤0.035≤0.035≤0.030≤0.035≤0.050≤0.040≤0.040
S≤0.035≤0.035≤0.030≤0.035≤0.050≤0.040≤0.040
Cu≥0.20 when copper steel is specified≥0.20 when copper steel is specified—————
CEV——≤0.45≤0.40———

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Cold formed (A500 Grade B, all shapes from A500-21; shaped tubing in earlier editions)Specified minimum; square, rectangular and other shaped tubing in all editions, and round tubing from A500-21ASTM A500 as tabulated by Wikipedia and Atlas Tube; all-shapes yield per Bull Moose Tube and Steel Tube Institute (A500-21)≥400 MPa≥58 ksi≥315 MPa≥46 ksi23 %—
Cold formed (A500 Grade B, round tubing, A500-20 and earlier)Specified minimum; round-tubing yield in editions before 2021; elongation in 2 in.ASTM A500 older editions as tabulated by Wikipedia and Totten Tubes; superseded by the unified yield in A500-21≥400 MPa≥58 ksi≥290 MPa≥42 ksi23 %—
Cold formed (A500 Grade C, all shapes from A500-21; shaped tubing in earlier editions)Specified minimum; square, rectangular and other shaped tubing in all editions, and round tubing from A500-21ASTM A500 as tabulated by Wikipedia and Atlas Tube; all-shapes yield per the Steel Tube Institute and Atlas Tube (A500-21)≥425 MPa≥62 ksi≥345 MPa≥50 ksi21 %—
Cold formed (A500 Grade C, round tubing, A500-20 and earlier)Specified minimum; round-tubing yield in editions before 2021; elongation in 2 in.ASTM A500 older editions as tabulated by Wikipedia and Totten Tubes; superseded by the unified yield in A500-21≥425 MPa≥62 ksi≥315 MPa≥46 ksi21 %—
Cold formed (EN 10219-1 S355J2H)Specified, wall 3–16 mm (tensile 510–680 MPa under 3 mm); elongation reduced by 2 for slender sections; Charpy 27 J at −20 °CEN 10219-1 as declared by Tata Steel UK and Marcegaglia470–630 MPa68–91 ksi≥355 MPa≥51.5 ksi20 %—
Cold formed (EN 10219-1 S275J0H)Specified, wall 3–16 mm (tensile 430–580 MPa under 3 mm); Charpy 27 J at 0 °CEN 10219-1 as declared by Marcegaglia410–560 MPa59–81 ksi≥275 MPa≥40 ksi20 %—
Cold formed (IS 4923 Yst 310)Specified minimums; elongation depends on size and edition, so it is not shownIS 4923 as reported in the Tata Structura brochure≥450 MPa≥65 ksi≥310 MPa≥45 ksi——
Cold formed (JIS G 3466 STKR400)Specified minimums; No. 5 test piece; elongation falls 1.5 points per mm below 8 mm wallJIS G 3466 as listed by Nippon Steel Kenzai≥400 MPa≥58 ksi≥245 MPa≥35.5 ksi23 %—
Cold formed (JIS G 3466 STKR490)Specified minimums; No. 5 test piece; elongation falls 1.5 points per mm below 8 mm wallJIS G 3466 as listed by Nippon Steel Kenzai≥490 MPa≥71 ksi≥325 MPa≥47 ksi23 %—

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Cold formed from strip into round, square, rectangular or special shapes, welded or seamless. Since the 2021 edition the minimum yield is the same for round and shaped sections (Grade B 46 ksi, Grade C 50 ksi); earlier editions gave round tubing 42 and 46 ksi.
  • Grade C has a lower carbon limit (0.23 %) than Grade B (0.26 %).
  • A500 sets no impact requirement. Where toughness is needed, A1085 or the EN 10219 J0H and J2H grades are specified.
  • The 2021 edition covers tubes up to 88 in. of periphery and a wall up to 1.000 in.
  • Most North American producers dual-certify HSS to Grades B and C so one certificate can serve either design basis.

Heat treatment

  • Delivered cold formed with no heat treatment. Grade D is the heat-treated grade in A500.
  • Weld procedures follow the mill's chemistry; ask for the heat analysis if the tube is welded to thick plate.

Typische Anwendungen

  • Building columns, braces, trusses and frames (HSS)
  • Bridge and sign structures
  • Machine frames, trailers and agricultural equipment
  • Handrails, fencing and general fabrication

Pipe and tube steels

Similar grades compared

GüteklasseC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
A500 Grade B / C≤0.26≤1.35——≥400 MPa
IS Yst 310≤0.26≤1.35——≥330 MPa
S355J2H≤0.23≤1.35——470–630 MPa
A53 Grade B≤0.30≤1.20≤0.40≤0.40≥415 MPa
A106 Grade B≤0.300.29–1.06≤0.40≤0.40≥415 MPa
API 5L X42 / L290≤0.28≤1.30≤0.50≤0.50≥415 MPa
API 5L X52 / L360≤0.28≤1.40≤0.50≤0.50≥460 MPa
API 5L X60 / L415≤0.28≤1.40≤0.50≤0.50≥520 MPa
API 5L X65 / L450≤0.28≤1.40≤0.50≤0.50≥535 MPa
API 5L X70 / L485≤0.28≤1.40≤0.50≤0.50≥570 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Fragen und Antworten

Common questions

What is the difference between A500 Grade B and Grade C?

Grade C is stronger: 345 MPa (50 ksi) minimum yield for all shapes in the current edition and 425 MPa (62 ksi) tensile, against 315 MPa (46 ksi) and 400 MPa (58 ksi) for Grade B. Grade C also limits carbon to 0.23 % instead of 0.26 %.

What is the European equivalent of ASTM A500 Grade C?

EN 10219 S355J2H (1.0576) is the closest. It has a 355 MPa yield, 470–630 MPa tensile range and impact testing at −20 °C, which A500 does not require.

Is the yield for round A500 lower than for square?

Not in the current edition. Before 2021 the standard gave round tubing a lower minimum (Grade C 46 ksi) than shaped tubing (50 ksi). A500-21 unified them, so round Grade C now has the same 50 ksi minimum. Check the edition on your mill certificate.

What is the Indian equivalent of A500?

IS 4923 hollow steel sections. Yst 310 (310 MPa yield, 450 MPa tensile) is closest to Grade B, and Yst 355 is closest to Grade C.

Is A500 the same as A53?

No. A500 is structural tubing, A53 is pressure pipe. A500 yield is higher than A53 Grade B (240 MPa), and A53 is specified by pipe size and schedule rather than structural shape.

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S355J2HS355J2H (1.0576) is the standard European structural hollow section grade: a non-alloy steel with 355 MPa minimum yield, 470–630 MPa tensile strength and 27 J impact energy at −20 °C, made cold formed to EN 10219-1 or hot finished to EN 10210-1.IS Yst 310Yst 310 is the common Indian structural steel tube grade, with a 310 MPa (45 ksi) minimum yield and a 450 MPa (65 ksi) minimum tensile strength, made to IS 1161 for circular tubes and IS 4923 for square, rectangular and circular hollow sections.A53 Grade BASTM A53 Grade B is the general-purpose US carbon steel pipe for water, gas, air and low-pressure steam, supplied black or hot-dip galvanized, welded (Type E) or seamless (Type S), with a 240 MPa (35 ksi) minimum yield and 415 MPa (60 ksi) minimum tensile strength.Structural steel gradesStructural steel grades in the USA, UK, EU, India and Japan line up by minimum yield strength: about 250 MPa (A36, S235/S275, E250, SS400), about 350 MPa (A572 Grade 50 / A992, S355, E350, SM490) and about 410–450 MPa (A572 Grade 60/65, S450, E410/E450, SM570).A572 Grade 50ASTM A572 Grade 50 is a high-strength low-alloy structural steel with a minimum yield of 345 MPa (50 ksi) and a minimum tensile strength of 450 MPa (65 ksi).A36 / S275JR / E250ASTM A36, EN S275JR, IS 2062 E250 and JIS SS400 are the general-purpose hot-rolled structural steels of the USA, Europe, India and Japan, with a minimum yield of roughly 245–275 MPa (36–40 ksi).Galvanizing standardsHot-dip galvanizing is specified by ASTM A123 (fabrications), A153 (hardware) and A767 (rebar) in the USA, EN ISO 1461 in the UK and EU, IS 4759 in India and JIS H 8641 in Japan.

References

Sources

  1. ASTM A500/A500M-23: Cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel structural tubing in rounds and shapes — Scope; the specification is copyrighted. Store page lists A500-21, -21A and -20 as previous versions.
  2. Wikipedia: ASTM A500 — Composition, UNS and minimum strengths by grade.
  3. Atlas Tube: ASTM A252 vs A500 steel grade comparison — Grade B 46 ksi and Grade C 50 ksi shaped minimums.
  4. Atlas Tube: A1085 frequently asked questions — A1085 yield, tensile and Charpy compared with A500.
  5. Steel Tube Institute: A500 grades and HSS — Dual certification; Grade C 50 ksi statement.
  6. Tata Steel UK: Hybox 355J2H declaration of performance (EN 10219-1)
  7. Marcegaglia: S275J0H EN 10219-1 declaration of performance
  8. Nippon Steel Kenzai: STKR400 / STKR490 (JIS G 3466) specification — Composition, yield, tensile, elongation.
  9. Tata Steel: YST 310 / Structura brochure — IS 4923 and IS 1161 YST 310 yield, tensile, S and P.
  10. BIS: Guidelines for Amendment No. 2 to IS 4923:2017 — Yst 420 and Yst 460 added; implemented 17 April 2023.
  11. Steel Tube Institute: Understanding HSS material specifications (Aug 2022) — A500-21: Grade C 50 ksi yield and 62 ksi tensile for all HSS shapes including round; 88 in. periphery, 1 in. wall.
  12. Atlas Tube: Understanding HSS specifications (2023 training deck) — A500-21 changes: Grade A removed, yield unified for rounds and shapes.
  13. Bull Moose Tube: ASTM A500 standards — Grade B 46 ksi and Grade C 50 ksi for all shapes.
  14. Total Materia: ASTM A 500 Grade C — UNS K02705; carbon 0.23 max, tensile 425 MPa.
  15. Total Materia: ASTM A 500 Grade B — UNS K03000; carbon 0.26 max, tensile 400 MPa.
  16. Totten Tubes: ASTM A500 specification information — Composition and elongation 23 % / 21 %; older split round and shaped yields.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.