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Corona SteelGegründet 1955
Resources/Materials & grades/1080 / 80C6

Materials & grades

1080 high-carbon steel: equivalents 060A83, 80C6, C85S and SWRH82A

1080 is a high-carbon steel with about 0.80 % carbon, used for spring strip, blades, tools and wear parts after hardening and tempering. Its closest equivalents are 060A83 and 080A83 in the UK, 80C6 in India, C85S (1.1269) and C80D wire rod in Europe, and SWRH82A or SK85 in Japan.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormMatch
USAAISI/SAE1080Composition limits shown are SAE J403 (P ≤0.030 %). ASTM A29 and older AISI tables give P ≤0.040 %.SAE J403; ASTM A29 / A510 / A576 (10L80) / A682Same material
UNSG10800—Same material
UKBS 970060A83Carbon 0.80–0.87 %, manganese 0.50–0.70 %: a narrower carbon range than 1080 and lower manganese (Total Materia).BS 970-1Closest equivalent
BS 970080A83Listed against 1080 by Total Materia. Composition limits for this exact code were not found.BS 970-1Closest equivalent
BS 970070A78Carbon 0.75–0.82 %, manganese 0.60–0.80 % (Total Materia); covers the lower half of the 1080 carbon range.BS 970-1Closest equivalent
BS 970 (1955 EN series)EN42Superseded 1955 name used by Total Materia for 070A78. Roymech ties it to 070A72.—Closest equivalent
BS 1449 / BS 5770CS80Cold-rolled spring strip with carbon 0.75–0.85 % (West Yorkshire Steel).BS 5770-2 (withdrawn)Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 nameC85S (1.1269)Cold-rolled strip for springs. Carbon 0.80–0.90 %, manganese 0.40–0.70 %.EN 10132-4Closest equivalent
EN 10027-1 nameC80D (1.0622) / C80D2 (1.1255)Wire-rod grades listed against 1080 by Total Materia. Composition limits not tabulated here.EN 10016 / EN ISO 16120 (wire rod)Closest equivalent
IndienIS 157080C6Carbon 0.75–0.85 %, manganese 0.50–0.80 %.IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1)Closest equivalent
IS 157085C6Carbon 0.80–0.90 %, manganese 0.50–0.80 %; covers the upper half of the 1080 carbon range.IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1)Closest equivalent
IS 1570 (old designation)C80 / C85Superseded Indian names for 80C6 and 85C6.—Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 3506SWRH82A / SWRH82BHigh-carbon wire rod for drawing, with carbon 0.79–0.86 % (manganese 0.30–0.60 % for A, 0.60–0.90 % for B).JIS G 3506Closest equivalent
JIS G 4401SK85 (formerly SK5)Carbon tool steel with carbon 0.80–0.90 % and manganese 0.10–0.50 %.JIS G 4401Closest equivalent
JIS G 4802SK85-CSPCold-reduced spring strip with carbon 0.80–0.90 %.JIS G 4802Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • 1080 spans a wide carbon range (0.75–0.88 %), so every equivalent covers part of it: 080A83 and 060A83 sit at 0.80–0.87 %, 070A78 at 0.75–0.82 %, 80C6 at 0.75–0.85 %, and C85S at 0.80–0.90 %.
  • EN ISO 683-1 has no grade at 0.80 % carbon. The European equivalents are strip (EN 10132-4) and wire rod (EN 10016, EN ISO 16120) grades, each with tighter phosphorus and sulphur and, for strip, a silicon requirement.
  • Japan has no S80C. JIS G 4051 ends at S75C and only for plates, sheets and strips. For rod, SWRH82A; for tool or spring strip, SK85 (formerly SK5) and SK85-CSP.
  • The SK85 limits above come from a MarkLines listing of Nisshin Steel's carbon tool steel catalogue and Nippon Steel's special steel strip catalogue, not directly from the current JIS G 4401. Check the current edition before specifying.
  • Indian 80C6 and 85C6 fix only carbon and manganese; phosphorus, sulphur and silicon come from the product standard ordered.
  • Sources disagree on EN42 (070A72 or 070A78). It is shown here as a superseded name for the spring range, not for one exact code.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

Element1080USA · SAE J403060A83UK · BS 970-1070A78UK · BS 970-1CS80UK · BS 1449 / BS 5770C85S (1.1269)EU · EN 10132-480C6Indien · IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):197985C6Indien · IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979SWRH82AJapan · JIS G 3506:2024SK85Japan · JIS G 4401
C0.75–0.880.80–0.870.75–0.820.75–0.850.80–0.900.75–0.850.80–0.900.79–0.860.80–0.90
Si———0.05–0.350.15–0.35———0.10–0.35
Mn0.60–0.900.50–0.700.60–0.800.50–0.900.40–0.700.50–0.800.50–0.800.30–0.600.10–0.50
P≤0.030——≤0.045≤0.025——≤0.030≤0.030
S≤0.050——≤0.045≤0.025———≤0.030
Cr—≤0.30≤0.30—≤0.40———≤0.30
Ni————≤0.40———≤0.25
Mo————≤0.10————
Cu————————≤0.25

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Hot-rolled bar, estimated minimum (1080)Estimated minimum, SAE J1397 basis; typical values run higher and section size is not statedSAE J1397 estimated minimum values as published by ICAST; typical values run higher and section size is not stated700 MPa102 ksi420 MPa61 ksi10 %—
Annealed or normalized (1080)Brinell hardness range, no strength statedTotal Materia, SAE 1080———192–229 HB
Annealed and skin passed strip (C85S)Specified maximum, EN 10132-4EN 10132-4 as tabulated by Roymech≤670 MPa≤97 ksi≤535 MPa≤78 ksi≥15 %≤210 HV
Quenched and tempered strip (C85S)Specified range, EN 10132-4EN 10132-4 as tabulated by Roymech1200–2000 MPa174–290 ksi——370–600 HV

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • About 0.80 % carbon gives high hardness and wear resistance with low ductility. ASM Alloy Digest recommends 1080 for general-purpose tools, springs and machinery parts needing high hardness.
  • Relatively low hardenability: ASM describes it as normally hardened by oil quenching, with water quenching possible if precautions prevent cracking.
  • Used as-rolled, annealed, normalized or quenched and tempered, depending on the properties needed (ASM Alloy Digest).
  • Not recommended for welding; at this carbon level the heat-affected zone becomes hard and brittle.
  • Spring strip and wire in this range are supplied in graded hardness tempers or hardened and tempered.

Heat treatment

  • Normalizing, annealing and hardening: no grade-specific temperatures are published here. Total Materia's SAE 1080 page gives only a generic high-carbon cycle, so take the cycle from the steelmaker's data.
  • Tempering: chosen to reach the hardness or spring temper required; no single range applies.
  • Spring stress relief after coiling: about 288 °C (550 °F), held at least 1 hour, then air cooled (Total Materia, SAE 1080).

Typische Anwendungen

  • Spring strip, flat springs and clutch parts
  • Blades, knives, saw blades and doctor blades
  • Wood-cutting and masonry tools
  • Agricultural tools
  • Shims and washers

Carbon steels

Similar grades compared

GüteklasseC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
1080 / 80C60.75–0.880.60–0.90≤0.30≤0.40700 MPa
1060 / C600.55–0.650.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40680 MPa
1070 / 070A720.65–0.750.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40700 MPa
1095 / C100S0.90–1.030.30–0.50≤0.40≤0.40830 MPa
1008≤0.100.30–0.50——303 MPa
1010 / C10E0.08–0.130.30–0.60≤0.30—320 MPa
1015 / C15E0.13–0.180.30–0.60≤0.30—340 MPa
10180.15–0.200.60–0.90≤0.20—400 MPa
1020 / C22E0.18–0.230.30–0.60≤0.30≤0.40380 MPa
1025 / C25E0.22–0.280.30–0.60≤0.30≤0.40400 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Fragen und Antworten

Common questions

What is the equivalent of 1080 steel?

060A83 or 080A83 in the UK, 80C6 in India, C85S (strip) or C80D (wire rod) in Europe, and SWRH82A or SK85 in Japan. None is identical; each covers part of 1080's 0.75–0.88 % carbon range.

What is the difference between 1080 and 1095?

1095 has more carbon (0.90–1.03 % against 0.75–0.88 %) and less manganese (0.30–0.50 % against 0.60–0.90 %). It hardens harder but is more brittle. 1080 is the more forgiving of the two.

Is 1080 a spring steel?

Yes. ASM Alloy Digest lists springs among its uses, and 1080 is common as spring strip. For heavier coil springs, alloy grades such as 5160 or 9260 are usual because their hardenability is higher.

Is there a JIS S80C?

No. JIS G 4051 ends at S75C, and only for plates, sheets and strips. For 0.80 % carbon in Japan use SWRH82A rod, SK85 tool steel or SK85-CSP spring strip.

Can 1080 be welded?

Not readily. The carbon level makes the heat-affected zone hard and brittle. Welding needs preheat and post-weld heat treatment, and it is usually avoided.

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1070 / 070A721070 is a high-carbon steel with about 0.70 % carbon, used for springs, spring wire, blades and wear parts after hardening and tempering.1095 / C100S1095 is a high-carbon steel with about 0.95 % carbon, used for knives, blades, flat springs and hardened wear parts.1060 / C601060 is a high-carbon steel with about 0.60 % carbon, supplied hot rolled, annealed or normalized for parts that need a hard, wear-resistant surface or a spring-like temper.AnnealingAnnealing heats steel to a set temperature, holds it and cools it slowly to make it softer, more ductile and easier to machine or cold form.Quenching and temperingQuenching and tempering hardens steel by cooling it rapidly from the austenite range to form martensite, then reheats it below Ac1 to trade some hardness for toughness.SAE / AISI numbersA four-digit SAE/AISI number such as 1045 or 4140 names a carbon or alloy steel by its chemistry: the first two digits identify the steel family and the last two give the nominal carbon content in hundredths of a percent.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.BS 970 and the EN seriesBS 970 names steels with a six-character code such as 080M40, in which the first three digits give the steel type, the letter says how the steel is specified and the last two digits give the carbon content.IS 1570 and Indian designationsIndian steel names follow the letter-symbol code in IS 1762 (Part 1), which the IS 1570 schedules use: 45C8 means about 0.45% carbon, C for carbon steel and about 0.8% manganese, while alloy names such as 40Cr4Mo3 list each element with a multiplied content figure.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. SAE J403: Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — Governs the US composition limits for 1060, 1070, 1080 and 1095.
  2. ICAST: SAE J403 / SAE J1397 UNS G10800, Hot Rolled — J1397 estimated minimum properties. The sheet's carbon range for 1080 contains a typing error; the SAE J403 carbon limits are used here.
  3. Roymech: EN 10132 cold rolled narrow steel strip for heat treatment — EN 10132-4 spring-steel grades C60S to C100S: composition and strip properties.
  4. IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979 Schedules for wrought steels: carbon steels (public copy) — Table 1 carbon and manganese limits; Table 2 hot-rolled or normalized tensile limits.
  5. JIS G 4051: Carbon steels for machine structural use (Japanese Standards Association) — Limits for S58C, S60C, S65C, S70C and S75C checked against the 2016 edition; S60C to S75C apply only to plates, sheets and strips (Annex JB).
  6. Total Materia: SAE 1080 — SAE J403:2014 composition, heat treatment, hardness and cross-references.
  7. Total Materia: B.S. 060 A 83 — BS 970-1 composition; lists 080A83 and C80D.
  8. Total Materia: B.S. 070 A 78 — BS 970-1 composition; lists En42.
  9. ASM Alloy Digest: AISI 1080 carbon tool and spring steel — Hardening, use conditions and applications.
  10. Total Materia: JIS SWRH82A (JIS G 3506:2024) — Carbon, manganese and phosphorus limits.
  11. Total Materia: JIS SK85-CSP (JIS G 4802:2019) — Carbon 0.80–0.90 %.
  12. MarkLines: Carbon tool steel sheet and coil SK5 (SK85) — SK85 composition from a Nisshin Steel listing.
  13. MISUMI: JIS and foreign standards comparison for tool steels — Confirms SK85 is the former SK5.
  14. West Yorkshire Steel: CS80 spring steel — CS80 composition and related BS 1449 / BS 5770 names.
  15. BS 5770-2: steel strip for springs, cold rolled carbon and low alloy (withdrawn 2000) — Superseded British strip specification behind the CS70 to CS100 names.
  16. Nippon Steel: special steel sheet and strip catalogue (U006) — SK85 composition including the 0.10 lower limits for silicon and manganese.
  17. Chisen Tools: SK5 (SK85) steel — SK85 silicon 0.10–0.35 and manganese 0.10–0.50.
  18. Tata Steel Thailand: high carbon wire rod grades (JIS G 3506) — SWRH62A/B, 72A/B and 82A/B carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and sulphur.
  19. Rewon: BS 970 carbon steel grades with nearest SAE — Independent check of the BS 970 A-series carbon and manganese limits and the 080A62 / En43D pairing.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.