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Resources/Materials & grades/6150 / 51CrV4

Materials & grades

6150 / 51CrV4 / SUP10 chromium-vanadium steel: equivalents 735A51 (EN47) and 1.8159

6150 is a chromium-vanadium alloy steel with about 0.50 % carbon, hardened and tempered for springs, gears, shafts and pinions. Its equivalents are 51CrV4 (1.8159) in Europe, 735A51 in the UK and SUP10 in Japan, with 50Cr4V2 as the nearest Indian grade.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormaMatch
USAAISI/SAE6150SAE J404; ASTM A29 (bar)Same material
UNSG61500—Same material
UKBS 970735A51Listed against 51CrV4 by Saarstahl and Ovako. Saarstahl also lists 735M50 and 735H51. BS 970 is withdrawn in favour of European standards.BS 970Equivalent
BS 970735A50Listed against 6150 by AZoM and West Yorkshire Steel. Slightly different limits from 735A51.BS 970Closest equivalent
BS 970 (1955 EN series)EN47Superseded 1955 name, still searched. Roymech's EN table pairs it with 735A50 and 1.8159; its limits are wider than 51CrV4.—Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 name51CrV4Standard hot-rolled spring steel in EN 10089, also in EN 10083-3 for machine parts.EN 10089; EN 10083-3; EN ISO 683-2Equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.8159EN 10089; EN 10083-3Equivalent
DIN (legacy)50CrV4Superseded German name for 1.8159, still used by suppliers (Saarstahl lists it as 51CrV4 / 50CrV4).—Equivalent
IndieIS 157050Cr4V2Similar carbon and chromium, less manganese and slightly more vanadium than 51CrV4.IS 1570 (Part 4):1988Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 4801SUP10Spring-steel grade; Total Materia lists SAE 6150 and 1.8159 against it.JIS G 4801Equivalent

On equivalence

  • 6150 and 51CrV4 are close equivalents. 6150 has 0.48–0.53 % carbon, 0.80–1.10 % chromium and at least 0.15 % vanadium; 51CrV4 has 0.47–0.55 % carbon, 0.90–1.20 % chromium, 0.10–0.25 % vanadium and up to 1.10 % manganese.
  • UK names vary. Saarstahl and Ovako list 735A51 (with 735M50 and 735H51 at Saarstahl); AZoM and West Yorkshire Steel list 735A50. The 735A51 analysis falls inside the 51CrV4 limits, so it is the better match. 735A50 allows 0.46–0.54 % C and at least 0.15 % V.
  • EN47 is the superseded 1955 name. Its limits (0.45–0.55 % C, 0.50–0.80 % Mn, up to 0.06 % P and S) are wider than 51CrV4, so it is closest only.
  • SUP10 is a JIS G 4801 spring steel. It allows less chromium (0.80–1.10 %) and a narrower vanadium range (0.15–0.25 %) than 51CrV4. Kobelco's table (2005 revision) gives the limits used here; check the current JIS edition (2021).
  • 51CrV4 appears in both EN 10083-3 (machine parts) and EN 10089 (spring steel), with different property tables. The values above state which one applies.
  • AZoM's 6150 properties do not name a heat treatment; the values match typical annealed bar. Treat them as indicative only.
  • The SAE silicon limit is 0.15–0.35 % in the supplier tables used here; AZoM and eFunda list 0.15–0.30 %.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

Element6150USA · ASTM A29 / SAE J404 (bar)735A51UK · BS 970 (as listed by West Yorkshire Steel and ICAST)735A50UK · BS 970 (as listed by West Yorkshire Steel)EN47UK · BS 970 (1955), as listed by West Yorkshire Steel51CrV4 (1.8159)EU · EN 10083-3 / EN 10089 (heat analysis)50Cr4V2Indie · IS 1570 (Part 4):1988SUP10Japan · JIS G 4801
C0.48–0.530.48–0.540.46–0.540.45–0.550.47–0.550.45–0.550.47–0.55
Si0.15–0.350.20–0.350.10–0.40≤0.50≤0.400.10–0.350.15–0.35
Mn0.70–0.900.70–1.000.60–0.900.50–0.800.70–1.100.50–0.800.65–0.95
P≤0.035≤0.035≤0.040≤0.060≤0.025—≤0.030
S≤0.040≤0.035≤0.040≤0.060≤0.025—≤0.030
Cr0.80–1.100.90–1.200.80–1.100.80–1.200.90–1.200.90–1.200.80–1.10
Ni——≤0.40————
Mo——≤0.15————
V≥0.150.10–0.20≥0.15≥0.150.10–0.250.15–0.300.15–0.25
Cu——————≤0.30

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Annealed (typical)Typical values, not specified minimums; AZoM states no heat treatment, while eFunda ties the tensile strength and hardness to annealing at 815 °C (1500 °F)AZoM, AISI 6150 alloy steel (UNS G61500); eFunda, AISI 6150670 MPa97.2 ksi415 MPa60.2 ksi23 %197 HB
Quenched and tempered (+QT)Specified, diameter under 16 mm; yield and elongation are minimumsEN 10083-3, 51CrV4, via thyssenkrupp Materials Services and Saarstahl datasheets1100–1300 MPa160–189 ksi≥900 MPa≥131 ksi≥9 %—
Quenched and tempered (+QT)Specified, diameter 16–40 mm; yield and elongation are minimumsEN 10083-3, 51CrV4, via thyssenkrupp Materials Services and Saarstahl datasheets1000–1200 MPa145–174 ksi≥800 MPa≥116 ksi≥10 %—
Quenched and tempered (+QT)Specified, diameter 40–100 mm; yield and elongation are minimumsEN 10083-3, 51CrV4, via thyssenkrupp Materials Services and Saarstahl datasheets900–1100 MPa131–160 ksi≥700 MPa≥102 ksi≥12 %—
Quenched and tempered (+QT)Specified, diameter 100–160 mm; yield and elongation are minimumsEN 10083-3, 51CrV4, via thyssenkrupp Materials Services and Saarstahl datasheets850–1000 MPa123–145 ksi≥650 MPa≥94 ksi≥13 %—
Quenched and tempered (+QT)Specified, diameter 160–250 mm; yield and elongation are minimumsEN 10083-3, 51CrV4, via thyssenkrupp Materials Services and Saarstahl datasheets800–950 MPa116–138 ksi≥600 MPa≥87 ksi≥13 %—
Soft annealed (+A), 51CrV4Specified maximum hardnessthyssenkrupp Materials Services; Saarstahl; Ovako (EN 10089)———≤248 HB
Quenched and tempered for springs (+QT, EN 10089)Specified; tensile range and minimum yield as summarised by OvakoEN 10089:2002 as summarised on the Ovako Steel Navigator, 51CrV4 (EN 10089) page1350–1650 MPa196–239 ksi≥1200 MPa≥174 ksi≥6 %—
Oil hardened and tempered (EN47)Hardness after tempering at 400–650 °CWest Yorkshire Steel, EN47———49 HRC at 400 °C to 40 HRC at 650 °C

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Vanadium (0.10–0.25 % in 51CrV4) refines the grain and improves toughness and fatigue strength after quenching and tempering.
  • A standard EN 10089 spring steel; Ovako describes 51CrV4 as a high-strength quench-and-temper steel for springs and also for shafts and machine components.
  • Weldability is poor. AZoM says common welding methods can be used but preheat and post-weld stress relief are required. thyssenkrupp warns of a hard heat-affected zone in quenched and tempered steels above 0.30 % carbon.
  • Machinability is rated about 55 % of free-cutting 1212 in the annealed or cold-drawn condition (AZoM).
  • Saarstahl quotes 900–1200 MPa tensile strength for general machine and vehicle parts.

Heat treatment

  • Forging or hot rolling: 1050–850 °C (1920–1560 °F) (Saarstahl, 51CrV4). Ovako gives 800–1100 °C (1470–2010 °F) for EN 10089 spring steel.
  • Normalizing: 870–900 °C (1600–1650 °F), cool in air (Saarstahl). Ovako gives 840–880 °C (1545–1615 °F).
  • Soft annealing: 680–720 °C (1255–1330 °F), furnace cool (Saarstahl). Ovako gives 730–750 °C (1345–1380 °F) for 2 h, then slow cooling.
  • Hardening: 820–860 °C (1510–1580 °F) in oil (Saarstahl); thyssenkrupp gives 820–870 °C (1510–1600 °F). Ovako gives 830–860 °C (1525–1580 °F).
  • Tempering: 540–680 °C (1005–1255 °F) for the EN machine-part conditions (Saarstahl, thyssenkrupp). Spring practice tempers lower: Ovako gives 380–680 °C (715–1255 °F), and West Yorkshire Steel gives 400–600 °C (750–1110 °F) for EN47.

Typické použití

  • Springs, including leaf and coil springs
  • Gears and pinions
  • Shafts and spindles
  • Crankshafts and steering knuckles
  • Pump and general engineering parts

Alloy and case-hardening steels

Similar grades compared

JakostC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
6150 / 51CrV40.48–0.530.70–0.900.80–1.10≤0.40670 MPa
4130 / 25CrMo40.28–0.330.40–0.600.80–1.10≤0.25590–760 MPa
4135 / 34CrMo40.33–0.380.70–0.900.80–1.10≤0.251000–1200 MPa
4140 / 42CrMo40.38–0.430.75–1.000.80–1.10≤0.25655 MPa
4340 / EN240.38–0.430.60–0.800.70–0.901.65–2.00745 MPa
5140 / 41Cr40.38–0.430.70–0.900.70–0.90≤0.25570 MPa
16MnCr50.13–0.180.70–0.900.70–0.90≤0.25≥1000 MPa
20MnCr50.17–0.220.70–0.900.70–0.90≤0.25≥1200 MPa
655M13 / EN36A0.08–0.130.45–0.651.00–1.403.00–3.50700–770 MPa
8620 / 20NiCrMo2-20.18–0.230.70–0.900.40–0.600.40–0.70530 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Odpovědi na Vaše otázky

Common questions

What is the equivalent of 6150 steel?

51CrV4 (1.8159) in Europe, 735A51 in the UK and SUP10 in Japan are the usual equivalents. 50Cr4V2 is the nearest Indian grade. The old British name is EN47.

Is 6150 the same as 51CrV4?

They are close equivalents. 51CrV4 has 0.47–0.55 % carbon, 0.90–1.20 % chromium and 0.10–0.25 % vanadium; 6150 has 0.48–0.53 % carbon, 0.80–1.10 % chromium and at least 0.15 % vanadium.

What is EN47 steel?

EN47 is the old British (1955) name for a chromium-vanadium spring steel with 0.45–0.55 % carbon. It was replaced by BS 970 grades such as 735A50 and 735A51, and today by 51CrV4 to EN 10089.

Is SUP10 equivalent to 6150?

Yes, as a close equivalent. SUP10 (JIS G 4801) has 0.47–0.55 % carbon, 0.80–1.10 % chromium and 0.15–0.25 % vanadium, against 0.48–0.53 %, 0.80–1.10 % and at least 0.15 % for 6150.

Is 6150 a spring steel?

Yes. 6150 and 51CrV4 are among the most common chromium-vanadium spring steels, supplied hardened and tempered. 51CrV4 is also used for gears, shafts and other machine parts.

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4140 / 42CrMo4AISI 4140 is a medium-carbon chromium-molybdenum alloy steel, normally used hardened and tempered for shafts, gears and high-strength bolts.4130 / 25CrMo44130 is a low-alloy chromium-molybdenum steel with about 0.30 % carbon, used normalized or hardened and tempered for tubing, shafts and welded structures.5140 / 41Cr45140 is a medium-carbon chromium steel with about 0.40 % carbon, hardened and tempered for shafts, axles and steering parts.1060 / C601060 is a high-carbon steel with about 0.60 % carbon, supplied hot rolled, annealed or normalized for parts that need a hard, wear-resistant surface or a spring-like temper.Quenching and temperingQuenching and tempering hardens steel by cooling it rapidly from the austenite range to form martensite, then reheats it below Ac1 to trade some hardness for toughness.NormalizingNormalizing heats steel above its upper critical temperature and lets it cool in still air to give a fine, uniform ferrite–pearlite structure.AnnealingAnnealing heats steel to a set temperature, holds it and cools it slowly to make it softer, more ductile and easier to machine or cold form.SAE / AISI numbersA four-digit SAE/AISI number such as 1045 or 4140 names a carbon or alloy steel by its chemistry: the first two digits identify the steel family and the last two give the nominal carbon content in hundredths of a percent.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.BS 970 and the EN seriesBS 970 names steels with a six-character code such as 080M40, in which the first three digits give the steel type, the letter says how the steel is specified and the last two digits give the carbon content.IS 1570 and Indian designationsIndian steel names follow the letter-symbol code in IS 1762 (Part 1), which the IS 1570 schedules use: 45C8 means about 0.45% carbon, C for carbon steel and about 0.8% manganese, while alloy names such as 40Cr4Mo3 list each element with a multiplied content figure.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. thyssenkrupp Materials Services datasheet: 51CrV4 (1.8159), based on DIN EN 10083-3:2007 — EN composition, +QT properties by diameter, heat treatment, welding note.
  2. Saarstahl material specification sheet: 51CrV4 (50CrV4), 1.8159 — +QT properties, heat treatment, BS 735A51 / 735M50 / 735H51 and SAE 6150 cross-reference.
  3. Ovako Steel Navigator: 51CrV4 (EN 10089:2002) — EN 10089 composition, spring properties, heat treatment; lists 735A51 and AISI 6150.
  4. Kobelco: Wire rods and bars specification tables (JIS G 4801) — SUP10 composition from the JIS G 4801 table (2005 revision).
  5. Bureau of Indian Standards, IS 1570 (Part 4):1988 Schedules for wrought steels, alloy steels (Public.Resource.Org copy) — Table 1 composition for 50Cr4V2.
  6. SAE Mobilus: AMS6450L Steel, spring wire 0.95Cr-0.22V (0.48 - 0.53C) (SAE 6150) — Aerospace spring wire specification for 6150.
  7. AZoM: AISI 6150 alloy steel (UNS G61500) — Composition, typical properties, machinability, other designations including En. 47 and B.S. 735 A 50.
  8. Total Materia: JIS SUP 10 — SUP10 cross-references to 6150, 51CrV4 and 1.8159.
  9. Roymech: Strength of steel, BS 970 / EN equivalents table — EN47 against 735A50 and 1.8159.
  10. West Yorkshire Steel: 735A51 spring steel — 735A51 composition.
  11. West Yorkshire Steel: 735A50 spring steel — 735A50 composition.
  12. West Yorkshire Steel: EN47 spring steel — EN47 composition, tempering hardness, heat treatment.
  13. ICAST: BS 735 A 51 datasheet — 735A51 composition cross-check.
  14. eFunda: AISI 6150 alloy steel properties — Annealed at 815 °C: 667 MPa tensile, 412 MPa yield, 23 % elongation, 197 HB.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.