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Resources/Materials & grades/1060 / C60

Materials & grades

1060 / C60 / S58C high-carbon steel: equivalents 60C4, 080A62 (EN43D) and C60E

1060 is a high-carbon steel with about 0.60 % carbon, supplied hot rolled, annealed or normalized for parts that need a hard, wear-resistant surface or a spring-like temper. Its closest equivalents are C60 and C60E (1.0601, 1.1221) in Europe, 080A62 (old EN43D) in the UK, 60C4 in India and S58C in Japan.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormaMatch
USAAISI/SAE1060Composition limits shown are SAE J403 (P ≤0.030 %). ASTM A29 and older AISI tables give P ≤0.040 %.SAE J403; ASTM A29 / A510 / A576 (10L60)Same material
UNSG10600—Same material
UKBS 970080A62Listed with C60E (1.1221) by Roymech and as an equivalent of 060A62 by Total Materia. Composition limits for this exact code were not found; the sourced British limits are for 060A62 below. BS 970 has been withdrawn in favour of European standards.BS 970-1:1991Closest equivalent
BS 970060A62Carbon 0.60–0.65 %, manganese 0.50–0.70 % (Total Materia).BS 970-1:1996Closest equivalent
BS 970 (1955 EN series)EN43DSuperseded 1955 name. Sources disagree on its modern code: Total Materia ties it to 060A62, Roymech to 080A62.—Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 nameC60Carbon 0.57–0.65 %, manganese 0.60–0.90 %.EN ISO 683-1 (formerly EN 10083-2)Equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.0601Material number of C60.EN ISO 683-1Equivalent
EN 10027-1 nameC60E (1.1221) / C60R (1.1223)Variants with tighter phosphorus and sulphur (E) or a controlled sulphur range (R). Ovako lists 1.1221 and SAE 1060 as similar designations.EN ISO 683-1Equivalent
EN 10027-1 nameC60S (1.1211)Cold-rolled strip grade for springs and heat treatment, with carbon 0.57–0.65 % and tighter phosphorus and sulphur.EN 10132-4Closest equivalent
DIN (legacy)Ck60 / Cm60Superseded German names for C60E and C60R. Ck60 is still widely searched.—Equivalent
IndieIS 157060C4Carbon 0.55–0.65 %, manganese 0.30–0.60 %, so manganese is lower than 1060.IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1)Closest equivalent
IS 157060C6Carbon 0.55–0.65 %, manganese 0.50–0.80 %, closer to 1060's manganese than 60C4.IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1)Closest equivalent
IS 1570 (old designation)C60Superseded Indian name for 60C4.—Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 4051S58CCarbon 0.55–0.61 %, a narrower range than 1060. The highest-carbon grade in JIS G 4051 for bars.JIS G 4051Closest equivalent
JIS G 4051S60CCarbon 0.55–0.65 % and manganese 0.60–0.90 %, the same limits as 1060, but offered only as plates, sheets and strips.JIS G 4051 (Annex JB)Equivalent
JIS G 4802S60C-CSPCold-reduced spring strip with carbon 0.55–0.65 %.JIS G 4802Closest equivalent
JIS G 3506SWRH62A / SWRH62BHigh-carbon wire rod for drawing, with carbon 0.59–0.66 % (manganese 0.30–0.60 % for A, 0.60–0.90 % for B).JIS G 3506Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • 1060 and C60 are close equivalents, not the same specification. C60 allows 0.57–0.65 % carbon against 1060's 0.55–0.65 %, and phosphorus and sulphur up to 0.045 % each (C60E: 0.030 % and 0.035 %) against 1060's ≤0.030 % P and ≤0.050 % S. EN ISO 683-1 also specifies mechanical properties by condition and size.
  • UK sources disagree on the British code. Total Materia ties EN43D to 060A62 (manganese 0.50–0.70 %), while Roymech and others list EN43D against 080A62. Only the 060A62 limits were found in a citable source.
  • Japan has no bar grade at 0.60 % carbon in JIS G 4051 other than S58C (0.55–0.61 %). S60C to S75C exist in the same standard but only for plates, sheets and strips, and S60C has the same carbon and manganese limits as 1060.
  • Indian 60C4 has less manganese (0.30–0.60 %) than 1060 (0.60–0.90 %). 60C6 has 0.50–0.80 % and is closer. IS 1570 fixes only carbon and manganese; phosphorus, sulphur and silicon come from the product standard ordered.
  • Spring and wire products are ordered to their own standards (for example ASTM A713 for wire, EN 10132-4 for strip). A 1060 bar certificate does not meet those product standards.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

Element1060USA · SAE J403060A62UK · BS 970-1:1996C60 (1.0601)EU · EN 10083-2 / EN ISO 683-1C60E (1.1221)EU · EN 10083-2 / EN ISO 683-160C4Indie · IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):197960C6Indie · IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979S58CJapan · JIS G 4051S60CJapan · JIS G 4051 (Annex JB)
C0.55–0.650.60–0.650.57–0.650.57–0.650.55–0.650.55–0.650.55–0.610.55–0.65
Si——≤0.40≤0.40——0.15–0.350.15–0.35
Mn0.60–0.900.50–0.700.60–0.900.60–0.900.30–0.600.50–0.800.60–0.900.60–0.90
P≤0.030—≤0.045≤0.030——≤0.030≤0.030
S≤0.050—≤0.045≤0.035——≤0.035≤0.035
Cr—≤0.30≤0.40≤0.40——≤0.20≤0.20
Ni——≤0.40≤0.40——≤0.20≤0.20
Mo——≤0.10≤0.10————
Cu——————≤0.30≤0.30
Cr+Mo+Ni——≤0.63≤0.63————
Cr+Ni——————≤0.35≤0.35

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Hot-rolled bar, estimated minimum (1060)Estimated minimum, SAE J1397 basis; typical values run higher and section size is not statedSAE J1397 estimated minimum values as published by ICAST; typical values run higher and section size is not stated680 MPa99 ksi370 MPa54 ksi12 %—
Normalized +N (C60 / C60E)Specified minimum, d 16–100 mmEN 10083-2 as tabulated by Roymech≥670 MPa≥97 ksi≥340 MPa≥49 ksi11 %—
Quenched and tempered +QT (C60 / C60E)Specified, d ≤ 16 mmEN 10083-2 as tabulated by Roymech850–1000 MPa123–145 ksi≥580 MPa≥84 ksi11 %—
Quenched and tempered +QT (C60 / C60E)Specified, d 16–40 mmEN 10083-2 as tabulated by Roymech800–950 MPa116–138 ksi≥520 MPa≥75 ksi13 %—
Quenched and tempered +QT (C60 / C60E)Specified, d 40–100 mmEN 10083-2 as tabulated by Roymech750–900 MPa109–131 ksi≥450 MPa≥65 ksi14 %—
Hot rolled or normalized (60C4)Specified minimum, ruling sections up to 150 mmIS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979, Table 2≥750 MPa≥109 ksi—≥11 %—

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • About 0.60 % carbon gives high strength and hardness with limited ductility: EN 10083-2 specifies only 11–14 % elongation in the quenched and tempered condition.
  • Low hardenability, as for all plain carbon steels. Ovako gives about 60 HRC after hardening for its C60E, and larger sections are normally used normalized rather than through hardened.
  • Responds to a conventional quench and temper: Matthey describes C60E strip as formable when annealed and strong and tough when quenched and tempered.
  • Welding is difficult at this carbon level; where unavoidable it needs preheat and post-weld heat treatment, and welding after hardening is not recommended.
  • Also made as cold-rolled strip and wire for springs and stamped parts, where it is supplied soft or in graded hardness tempers.

Heat treatment

  • Normalizing: about 870–925 °C (1600–1700 °F) for 1060 (Total Materia); Matthey gives 820–880 °C (1510–1615 °F) for C60E strip. Cool in air.
  • Annealing: soft annealing at 680–710 °C (1255–1310 °F) for C60E strip (Matthey).
  • Hardening: 810–850 °C (1490–1560 °F) in oil or water for C60E strip (Matthey).
  • Tempering: 550–660 °C (1020–1220 °F) for C60E strip, held for more than an hour (Matthey). Lower tempering temperatures give higher hardness.

Typické použití

  • Hardened and tempered machine parts: shafts, axles, pistons and clutch segments
  • Cold-rolled strip for stamped parts, watch parts and diaphragm springs
  • Cutting tools and wear parts for light duty
  • Spring and wire products, supplied in the drawn or tempered condition

Carbon steels

Similar grades compared

JakostC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
1060 / C600.55–0.650.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40680 MPa
1070 / 070A720.65–0.750.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40700 MPa
1080 / 80C60.75–0.880.60–0.90≤0.30≤0.40700 MPa
1095 / C100S0.90–1.030.30–0.50≤0.40≤0.40830 MPa
1008≤0.100.30–0.50——303 MPa
1010 / C10E0.08–0.130.30–0.60≤0.30—320 MPa
1015 / C15E0.13–0.180.30–0.60≤0.30—340 MPa
10180.15–0.200.60–0.90≤0.20—400 MPa
1020 / C22E0.18–0.230.30–0.60≤0.30≤0.40380 MPa
1025 / C25E0.22–0.280.30–0.60≤0.30≤0.40400 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Odpovědi na Vaše otázky

Common questions

Is 1060 the same as C60?

They are close equivalents and often substituted, but not identical. C60 (1.0601) has 0.57–0.65 % carbon and 0.60–0.90 % manganese; 1060 has 0.55–0.65 % carbon and 0.60–0.90 % manganese. C60E (1.1221) has tighter phosphorus and sulphur limits.

What is the Japanese equivalent of 1060?

S58C under JIS G 4051 is the usual bar equivalent, with 0.55–0.61 % carbon. S60C has the same limits as 1060 but is only specified for plates, sheets and strips.

What is the British equivalent of 1060?

080A62 under BS 970, with the old name EN43D, is the code most references give. 060A62 is also listed against EN43D. BS 970 is withdrawn, and UK buyers now usually order C60E to EN ISO 683-1.

Is 1060 steel a spring steel?

It is used for springs, especially as cold-rolled strip and drawn wire, but it is a general carbon steel. Spring products are ordered to their own standards. Higher-carbon or alloy grades such as 1095 or 5160 are used where more strength is needed.

Can 1060 be hardened?

Yes, by oil or water quenching from about 810–850 °C and tempering. Hardenability is low, so only small sections harden through. Ovako quotes about 60 HRC after hardening.

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1055 / C551055 is a plain carbon steel with about 0.55 % carbon and 0.60–0.90 % manganese, used normalized or quenched and tempered where high strength and surface hardness are needed.1070 / 070A721070 is a high-carbon steel with about 0.70 % carbon, used for springs, spring wire, blades and wear parts after hardening and tempering.1045 / C451045 is a medium-carbon steel with about 0.45 % carbon, supplied hot rolled, normalized or quenched and tempered for shafts, pins, gears and forgings.1080 / 80C61080 is a high-carbon steel with about 0.80 % carbon, used for spring strip, blades, tools and wear parts after hardening and tempering.NormalizingNormalizing heats steel above its upper critical temperature and lets it cool in still air to give a fine, uniform ferrite–pearlite structure.Quenching and temperingQuenching and tempering hardens steel by cooling it rapidly from the austenite range to form martensite, then reheats it below Ac1 to trade some hardness for toughness.AnnealingAnnealing heats steel to a set temperature, holds it and cools it slowly to make it softer, more ductile and easier to machine or cold form.SAE / AISI numbersA four-digit SAE/AISI number such as 1045 or 4140 names a carbon or alloy steel by its chemistry: the first two digits identify the steel family and the last two give the nominal carbon content in hundredths of a percent.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.BS 970 and the EN seriesBS 970 names steels with a six-character code such as 080M40, in which the first three digits give the steel type, the letter says how the steel is specified and the last two digits give the carbon content.IS 1570 and Indian designationsIndian steel names follow the letter-symbol code in IS 1762 (Part 1), which the IS 1570 schedules use: 45C8 means about 0.45% carbon, C for carbon steel and about 0.8% manganese, while alloy names such as 40Cr4Mo3 list each element with a multiplied content figure.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. SAE J403: Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — Governs the US composition limits for 1060, 1070, 1080 and 1095.
  2. ICAST: SAE J403 / SAE J1397 UNS G10600, Hot Rolled — J1397 estimated minimum properties. The sheet's carbon range for 1060 contains a typing error; the SAE J403 carbon limits are used here.
  3. Roymech: EN 10083 steels for quenching and tempering — C60 / C60E / C60R composition and +N / +QT properties.
  4. JIS G 4051: Carbon steels for machine structural use (Japanese Standards Association) — Limits for S58C, S60C, S65C, S70C and S75C checked against the 2016 edition; S60C to S75C apply only to plates, sheets and strips (Annex JB).
  5. IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979 Schedules for wrought steels: carbon steels (public copy) — Table 1 carbon and manganese limits; Table 2 hot-rolled or normalized tensile limits.
  6. Total Materia: AISI 1060 — SAE J403:2014 composition, heat treatment temperatures and equivalents.
  7. Total Materia: B.S. 060 A 62 — BS 970-1 composition; lists En43D.
  8. Ovako Steel Navigator: C60E — Lists 1.1221 and SAE 1060 as similar designations; hardness after hardening.
  9. Lamineries Matthey: Ck60 (C60E) strip datasheet — Heat treatment temperatures and strip tempers.
  10. Roymech: British Standard steel numbers — Links old EN numbers to BS 970 codes: 43D with 080A62, 42 with 070A72, 44 with 060A96.
  11. Total Materia: JIS S65C (JIS G 4051:2023) — Confirms S60C to S75C are in the 2023 edition.
  12. MISUMI: JIS and foreign standards comparison for machine structural steels — Pairs S58C with C60E and 1060.
  13. Nippon Steel: special steel sheet and strip catalogue (U006) — Mill check of S60C composition (strip grade).
  14. Rewon: BS 970 carbon steel grades with nearest SAE — Independent check of the BS 970 A-series carbon and manganese limits and the 080A62 / En43D pairing.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.