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Resources/Materials & grades/52100 / 100Cr6

Materials & grades

52100 / 100Cr6 / SUJ2 bearing steel: equivalents EN31 (535A99) and 1.3505

52100 is a high-carbon chromium steel with about 1 % carbon and 1.5 % chromium that through-hardens to about 62 HRC, used for rolling bearings, balls and rollers. Its equivalents are 100Cr6 (1.3505) in Europe, SUJ2 in Japan, 535A99 (old EN31) in the UK and 103Cr6 in India.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormaMatch
USAAISI/SAE52100ASTM A295; SAE J404; AMS 6440Same material
UNSG52986Some bearing specifications write the grade as E52100, the electric-furnace designation.—Same material
UKBS 970535A99Listed against 100Cr6 and SAE 52100 by Saarstahl and West Yorkshire Steel. Allows more manganese than 100Cr6. BS 970 is withdrawn in favour of European standards.BS 970-1:1991Closest equivalent
BS 970 (1955 EN series)EN31Superseded 1955 name and the most-searched UK name. Roymech's EN table pairs it with 534A99 and 535A99.—Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 name100Cr6Carbon 0.93–1.05 %, chromium 1.35–1.60 %.EN ISO 683-17Equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.3505EN ISO 683-17Equivalent
IndieIS 1570103Cr6Under IS 1570 (Part 4):1988 the carbon and chromium sit inside the 52100 range. The current IS 4398:1994 gives 103Cr6 more chromium (1.50–1.70 %) and manganese (0.60–0.80 %); see the notes.IS 1570 (Part 4):1988; IS 4398:1994Closest equivalent
IS 4398104Cr6Bearing-steel grade with 0.98–1.10 % carbon, 0.25–0.45 % manganese and a narrower 1.30–1.40 % chromium band; closer to 52100 than 103Cr6 in the same standard.IS 4398:1994Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 4805SUJ2High-carbon chromium bearing steel with the same 1.30–1.60 % chromium as SAE 52100.JIS G 4805Equivalent

On equivalence

  • 52100, 100Cr6 and SUJ2 are the same alloy type with small limit differences. SAE 52100 is listed at 0.98–1.10 % C and 1.30–1.60 % Cr; 100Cr6 to EN ISO 683-17 at 0.93–1.05 % C and 1.35–1.60 % Cr; SUJ2 at 0.95–1.10 % C with manganese up to 0.50 %. The SAE AMS 6440 bearing specification is titled for 0.93–1.05 % C, the same as 100Cr6, and Total Materia lists ASTM A295 at 0.93–1.05 % C and 1.35–1.60 % Cr.
  • UK sources disagree. Saarstahl and West Yorkshire Steel list 535A99 against 100Cr6 and 52100; Roymech's EN table places both 534A99 and 535A99 under EN31. 535A99 allows 0.40–0.70 % Mn and 1.20–1.60 % Cr, a wider band than 100Cr6, and has looser P and S limits, so it is closest rather than equivalent.
  • EN31 is the 1955 name. Some UK suppliers sell EN31 as tool-room bar; bearing-quality 100Cr6 has tighter phosphorus, sulphur and cleanliness limits.
  • Indian limits depend on the standard. IS 1570 (Part 4):1988 gives 103Cr6 as 0.95–1.10 % C, 0.25–0.45 % Mn and 1.40–1.60 % Cr, citing the 1972 edition of IS 4398. The current IS 4398:1994 (amended to 2021) gives 103Cr6 at 1.50–1.70 % Cr and 0.60–0.80 % Mn, which Total Materia also lists, and adds 104Cr6 at 0.98–1.10 % C, 0.25–0.45 % Mn and 1.30–1.40 % Cr. Check which standard and edition the drawing cites.
  • The Japanese limits are from Kobelco's JIS G 4805 table (2008 revision); check the current edition. Ovako also lists China's GCr15 as a similar grade.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

Element52100USA · SAE J404 (as published by AZoM)535A99UK · BS 970 (as listed by West Yorkshire Steel)100Cr6 (1.3505)EU · EN ISO 683-17 (heat analysis)103Cr6Indie · IS 1570 (Part 4):1988103Cr6Indie · IS 4398:1994104Cr6Indie · IS 4398:1994SUJ2Japan · JIS G 4805
C0.98–1.100.95–1.100.93–1.050.95–1.100.95–1.100.98–1.100.95–1.10
Si0.15–0.350.15–0.350.15–0.350.10–0.350.15–0.350.15–0.350.15–0.35
Mn0.25–0.450.40–0.700.25–0.450.25–0.450.60–0.800.25–0.45≤0.50
P≤0.025≤0.035≤0.025—≤0.025≤0.025≤0.025
S≤0.025≤0.040≤0.015—≤0.025≤0.025≤0.025
Cr1.30–1.601.20–1.601.35–1.601.40–1.601.50–1.701.30–1.401.30–1.60
Ni——————≤0.25
Mo——≤0.10———≤0.08
Cu——————≤0.25
Al——≤0.05————

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Spheroidize annealed (+SA / +AC), 100Cr6Specified maximum hardness (thyssenkrupp, Saarstahl); Ovako gives 210 HB typicalthyssenkrupp Materials Services and Saarstahl datasheets, EN ISO 683-17———≤207 HB
Annealed and cold worked (+AC+C), 100Cr6Specified maximum hardness for bars, wire, tubes, rings and discsthyssenkrupp Materials Services datasheet, EN ISO 683-17———≤241 HB
Hardened and tempered, 100Cr6Typical surface hardness after oil quench and tempering at 150–180 °CSaarstahl 100Cr6 datasheet———about 62 HRC
Oil quenched, tempered at 150 °C (52100)Typical hardness; AZoM gives 64 HRC as oil quenched and 66 HRC water quenchedAZoM, AISI 52100 alloy steel (UNS G52986)———62 HRC
Oil hardened and tempered (535A99)Hardness after tempering at 150–300 °CWest Yorkshire Steel, 535A99———63–62 HRC at 150 °C to 57–56 HRC at 300 °C

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Through-hardening bearing steel. Saarstahl gives about 30 mm finished wall thickness as the usual limit for rings and discs; Ovako compares its hardenability to a ring with a wall of up to about 17 mm.
  • Hardens to about 62 HRC when tempered at 150–180 °C, and to 64–66 HRC as quenched (AZoM).
  • Bearing-quality 100Cr6 has low phosphorus and sulphur (P ≤0.025 %, S ≤0.015 %) and is controlled for cleanliness. Ovako's variants differ mainly in cleanliness, sulphur and silicon.
  • Not suited to welding (thyssenkrupp Materials Services).
  • Machinability is rated 40 % of free-cutting 1212 in the spheroidize-annealed, cold-drawn condition (AZoM). Spheroidizing improves it.
  • Can be austempered to a bainitic structure of about 59 HRC (Ovako).

Heat treatment

  • Hot working: 850–1100 °C (1560–2010 °F), cool slowly (thyssenkrupp). Saarstahl gives 1100–850 °C (2010–1560 °F). AZoM gives a US forging range of 927–1205 °C (1700–2200 °F).
  • Normalizing: 870–900 °C (1600–1650 °F), cool in air (Saarstahl).
  • Soft or spheroidize annealing: 780–800 °C (1435–1470 °F), furnace cool (Saarstahl, thyssenkrupp). AZoM gives about 650 °C (1200 °F) for spheroidizing before machining.
  • Hardening: 830–870 °C (1525–1600 °F) in oil, or 800–830 °C (1470–1525 °F) in water (Saarstahl). thyssenkrupp allows a warm bath at 180–220 °C (355–430 °F). West Yorkshire Steel gives 800–820 °C (1470–1510 °F) in oil for 535A99.
  • Tempering: 150–180 °C (300–355 °F) for bearing parts (Saarstahl, thyssenkrupp); Ovako says temper within 2 h at 160 °C (320 °F) or more. Tool-room use tempers up to 300 °C (570 °F) (West Yorkshire Steel).
  • Bainitic treatment: 850–875 °C (1560–1605 °F) for 10–60 min, then a salt bath at 220–250 °C (430–480 °F) for 3–7 h (Ovako).

Typické použití

  • Ball and roller bearings: balls, rollers, rings and discs
  • Ejector pins and gauges
  • Taps and swaging dies
  • Wear-resistant machine parts
  • Press tools that do not need a tool-steel grade

Alloy and case-hardening steels

Similar grades compared

JakostC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
52100 / 100Cr60.98–1.100.25–0.451.30–1.60≤0.25—
4130 / 25CrMo40.28–0.330.40–0.600.80–1.10≤0.25590–760 MPa
4135 / 34CrMo40.33–0.380.70–0.900.80–1.10≤0.251000–1200 MPa
4140 / 42CrMo40.38–0.430.75–1.000.80–1.10≤0.25655 MPa
4340 / EN240.38–0.430.60–0.800.70–0.901.65–2.00745 MPa
5140 / 41Cr40.38–0.430.70–0.900.70–0.90≤0.25570 MPa
6150 / 51CrV40.48–0.530.70–0.900.80–1.10≤0.40670 MPa
16MnCr50.13–0.180.70–0.900.70–0.90≤0.25≥1000 MPa
20MnCr50.17–0.220.70–0.900.70–0.90≤0.25≥1200 MPa
655M13 / EN36A0.08–0.130.45–0.651.00–1.403.00–3.50700–770 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Odpovědi na Vaše otázky

Common questions

What is the equivalent of 52100 steel?

100Cr6 (1.3505) in Europe and SUJ2 in Japan are the usual equivalents. In the UK it is 535A99, the old EN31, and in India 103Cr6 or 104Cr6 (IS 4398). Most carry about 0.93–1.10 % carbon and 1.30–1.60 % chromium; the current IS 4398 103Cr6 runs higher at 1.50–1.70 % chromium, so check the edition when substituting.

Is EN31 the same as 52100?

EN31 is the old British name for a 1 % carbon, 1.5 % chromium bearing steel and is treated as a close equivalent of 52100 and 100Cr6. The BS 970 grade 535A99 allows more manganese and looser phosphorus and sulphur limits than bearing-quality 100Cr6.

Is 100Cr6 the same as SUJ2?

They are equivalent. 100Cr6 has 0.93–1.05 % carbon and 1.35–1.60 % chromium; SUJ2 (JIS G 4805) has 0.95–1.10 % carbon and 1.30–1.60 % chromium, with manganese up to 0.50 %.

What hardness can 52100 reach?

About 62 HRC when tempered at 150–180 °C. AZoM gives 64 HRC oil quenched and 62 HRC after tempering at 150 °C. Tempering at 300 °C lowers it to about 56–57 HRC.

Can 52100 steel be welded?

No. thyssenkrupp states that 100Cr6 is generally not suitable for welding, because of its high carbon content and hardenability.

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Keep reading

4140 / 42CrMo4AISI 4140 is a medium-carbon chromium-molybdenum alloy steel, normally used hardened and tempered for shafts, gears and high-strength bolts.4340 / EN24AISI 4340 is a medium-carbon nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy steel, used hardened and tempered where high strength and toughness are needed in large sections.1095 / C100S1095 is a high-carbon steel with about 0.95 % carbon, used for knives, blades, flat springs and hardened wear parts.Quenching and temperingQuenching and tempering hardens steel by cooling it rapidly from the austenite range to form martensite, then reheats it below Ac1 to trade some hardness for toughness.AnnealingAnnealing heats steel to a set temperature, holds it and cools it slowly to make it softer, more ductile and easier to machine or cold form.NormalizingNormalizing heats steel above its upper critical temperature and lets it cool in still air to give a fine, uniform ferrite–pearlite structure.SAE / AISI numbersA four-digit SAE/AISI number such as 1045 or 4140 names a carbon or alloy steel by its chemistry: the first two digits identify the steel family and the last two give the nominal carbon content in hundredths of a percent.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.BS 970 and the EN seriesBS 970 names steels with a six-character code such as 080M40, in which the first three digits give the steel type, the letter says how the steel is specified and the last two digits give the carbon content.IS 1570 and Indian designationsIndian steel names follow the letter-symbol code in IS 1762 (Part 1), which the IS 1570 schedules use: 45C8 means about 0.45% carbon, C for carbon steel and about 0.8% manganese, while alloy names such as 40Cr4Mo3 list each element with a multiplied content figure.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. thyssenkrupp Materials Services datasheet: 100Cr6 (1.3505), based on DIN EN ISO 683-17:2005 — EN ISO 683-17 composition, delivery hardness, heat treatment, welding note.
  2. Saarstahl material specification sheet: 100Cr6 (1.3505) — Heat treatment, hardness, BS 535A99 and SAE 52100 cross-reference.
  3. Ovako Steel Navigator: 100Cr6 — Variants, hardness, heat treatment, similar designations including SAE 52100 and SUJ2.
  4. Kobelco: Wire rods and bars specification tables (JIS G 4805) — SUJ2 composition from the JIS G 4805 table (2008 revision).
  5. Bureau of Indian Standards, IS 1570 (Part 4):1988 Schedules for wrought steels, alloy steels (Public.Resource.Org copy) — Table 1 composition for 103Cr6, referencing IS 4398-1972.
  6. SAE Mobilus: AMS6440N Steel, bars, forgings and tubing 1.45Cr (0.93 - 1.05C) (SAE 52100), bearing applications — Aerospace bearing-steel specification.
  7. AZoM: AISI 52100 alloy steel (UNS G52986) — SAE composition, hardness by quench and temper, heat treatment, machinability.
  8. SMB Bearings: bearing steel material tables — SAE 52100 / 100Cr6 / SUJ2 composition cross-check.
  9. Total Materia: IS 103Cr6 (IS 4398:1999) — Indian designation with SAE 52100 and 1.3505 cross-references; chromium and manganese differ from IS 1570.
  10. Roymech: Strength of steel, BS 970 / EN equivalents table — EN31 against 534A99 and 535A99.
  11. West Yorkshire Steel: 535A99 through hardening steel — 535A99 composition, tempering hardness, heat treatment, uses.
  12. Bureau of Indian Standards, IS 4398:1994 Carbon-chromium steel for the manufacture of balls, rollers and bearing races, second revision (Public.Resource.Org copy) — Table 1 limits for 104Cr6 and 103Cr6; amendments 2 (2020) and 3 (2021) do not change them.
  13. JTEKT (Koyo) bearing knowledge: Table 13-1 chemical composition of high carbon chromium bearing steel — SUJ 2 (JIS G 4805) and SAE 52100 (SAE J404) limits side by side, including Mo ≤0.08 % for SUJ 2.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.