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Resources/Materials & grades/1117 / 15SMn13

Materials & grades

1117 / 15SMn13 / SUM31 free-machining carburizing steel: equivalents 214M15 and 14C14S14

1117 is a resulphurized low-carbon steel with 0.14–0.20 % carbon, 1.00–1.30 % manganese and 0.08–0.13 % sulphur. It machines faster than plain 1018 and can be carburized, so it is used for machined parts that are then case hardened.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationقياسيMatch
USAAISI/SAE1117SAE J403; ASTM A29 / A108Same material
UNSG11170—Same material
UKBS 970214M15Listed against 1117 and 15SMn13 by Total Materia (rated implicit). Total Materia also lists 210M15 and EN7A. BS 970 has been withdrawn in favour of European standards.BS 970-1Closest equivalent
BS 970 (1955 EN series)EN202Superseded name listed with 214M15.—Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 name15SMn13Free-cutting case-hardening steel. Carbon 0.12–0.18 %, manganese 0.90–1.30 %, sulphur 0.08–0.18 %.EN ISO 683-4 (formerly EN 10087); EN ISO 683-7 (formerly EN 10277-3)Closest equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.0725Material number of 15SMn13.EN ISO 683-4; EN ISO 683-7Closest equivalent
DIN (legacy)15S10 (1.0710)Superseded German name that Total Materia lists against 1117 and SUM31. Check composition before substituting.—Closest equivalent
الهندIS 1570 (Part 3)14C14S14Carbon 0.10–0.18 %, manganese 1.20–1.50 %, sulphur 0.10–0.18 %.IS 1570 (Part 3):1979; IS 4431Closest equivalent
IS 1570 (old designation)14Mn1S14Superseded Indian name for 14C14S14.—Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 4804SUM31Carbon, manganese and sulphur limits match 1117; phosphorus is ≤0.040 % against ≤0.030 %.JIS G 4804Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • No European, UK, Indian or Japanese grade is identical to 1117. 15SMn13 has a slightly lower carbon range (0.12–0.18 % against 0.14–0.20 %), allows more sulphur (up to 0.18 %) and phosphorus (≤0.06 %), and has a lower manganese minimum (0.90 % against 1.00 %).
  • Indian 14C14S14 has a higher manganese range (1.20–1.50 %) and a higher sulphur range (0.10–0.18 %) than 1117. Total Materia rates it an official equivalent, but the limits differ.
  • UK 214M15 (old EN202) is rated implicit by Total Materia, which shows carbon 0.12–0.18 % and manganese 1.20–1.60 % for it, a higher manganese range than 1117. Phosphorus and sulphur limits were not readable.
  • JIS SUM31 shows the same carbon, manganese and sulphur ranges as 1117 (Kobelco's JIS G 4804 table; ICAST gives the same), but phosphorus is ≤0.040 % against ≤0.030 %. The match is kept at closest because of the looser phosphorus limit.
  • Machinability percentages come from AISI-derived charts that put 1212 at 100 %. Some older tables use B1112 as 100 %; do not mix figures between the two scales.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

Element1117USA · SAE J40315SMn13 (1.0725)EU · EN 10277-3 / EN 10087 (now EN ISO 683-4, 683-7)14C14S14الهند · IS 1570 (Part 3):1979SUM31Japan · JIS G 4804
C0.14–0.200.12–0.180.10–0.180.14–0.20
Si—≤0.400.05–0.30—
Mn1.00–1.300.90–1.301.20–1.501.00–1.30
P≤0.030≤0.06≤0.060≤0.040
S0.08–0.130.08–0.180.10–0.180.08–0.13

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Hot rolled (1117)Estimated minimum, SAE J1397 basis as listed by ICAST; bar size not statedICAST SAE J403 / J1397 UNS G11170, hot rolled430 MPa62 ksi230 MPa33 ksi≥23 %121 HB (ICAST lists it as a maximum)
Cold drawn (1117)Estimated minimum, SAE J1397 basis as listed by ICAST; bar size not statedICAST SAE J403 / J1397 UNS G11170, cold drawn480 MPa70 ksi400 MPa58 ksi≥15 %137 HB (ICAST lists it as a maximum)
Cold drawn and stress relieved, Class A (1117)Specified minimum, ASTM A311 Class AASTM A311 as listed by Total Materia≥415 MPa≥60 ksi≥345 MPa≥50 ksi≥12 %—
Cold drawn +C (15SMn13)Specified, d >10–16 mmEN 10277-3:2007 as tabulated by Roymech; EN 10277 is now superseded by EN ISO 683-7, whose values were not read500–800 MPa73–116 ksi≥430 MPa≥62 ksi≥7 %—
Cold drawn +C (15SMn13)Specified, d >16–40 mmEN 10277-3:2007 as tabulated by Roymech; EN 10277 is now superseded by EN ISO 683-7, whose values were not read470–770 MPa68–112 ksi≥390 MPa≥57 ksi≥8 %—
Cold drawn +C (15SMn13)Specified, d >40–63 mmEN 10277-3:2007 as tabulated by Roymech; EN 10277 is now superseded by EN ISO 683-7, whose values were not read460–680 MPa67–99 ksi≥350 MPa≥51 ksi≥9 %—
Hot rolled or normalized (14C14S14)Specified range, ruling sections up to 150 mmIS 1570 (Part 3):1979, Table 2440–540 MPa64–78 ksi—≥22 %—
Cold drawn (14C14S14)Specified minimum tensile, bars up to 20 mmIS 1570 (Part 3):1979, Table 3≥590 MPa≥86 ksi—≥10 %—
Cold drawn (14C14S14)Specified minimum tensile, bars >20–40 mmIS 1570 (Part 3):1979, Table 3≥520 MPa≥75 ksi—≥11 %—

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Machinability is rated about 91 % on the AISI scale where 1212 is 100 %, against 78 % for 1018 on the same chart (Enerpac, Engineering Toolbox).
  • Resulphurized: 0.08–0.13 % sulphur is added so that chips break and tool life improves. The same sulphur lowers transverse ductility and limits weldability and forming.
  • Low carbon (0.14–0.20 %) with 1.00–1.30 % manganese: the core stays soft after case hardening, and the carburized case reaches a high surface hardness.
  • Cold drawing raises strength well above the hot-rolled condition. ICAST lists an estimated 480 MPa minimum tensile cold drawn against 430 MPa hot rolled.
  • 11L17 is the leaded version of the same grade; lead adds a further machinability gain.

Heat treatment

  • Normalizing: about 880–920 °C (1615–1690 °F) (Total Materia).
  • Soft annealing: about 650–700 °C (1200–1290 °F) (Total Materia).
  • Carburizing: about 880–980 °C (1615–1795 °F) (Total Materia).
  • Core hardening: about 890–910 °C (1635–1670 °F); case hardening: about 780–820 °C (1435–1510 °F) (Total Materia).
  • Tempering after hardening: about 150–200 °C (300–390 °F) (Total Materia).
  • Hot forging: about 950–1250 °C (1740–2280 °F) (Total Materia).

استخدامات نموذجية

  • Pins, studs, bushings and fittings machined on automatic lathes
  • Shafts and spindles that are carburized for a hard wearing surface
  • Valve, pump and general-engineering components
  • Automotive parts that need both fast machining and case hardening

Free-machining steels

Similar grades compared

الدرجةC %Mn %Tensile, first listed condition
1117 / 15SMn130.14–0.201.00–1.30430 MPa
1144 / 44SMn280.40–0.481.35–1.65670 MPa
1215 / 11SMn37≤0.090.75–1.05540 MPa
12L14 / 11SMnPb30≤0.150.85–1.15390 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

أسئلة وأجوبة

Common questions

What is the equivalent of 1117 steel?

The closest names are 15SMn13 (1.0725) in Europe, 214M15 (old EN202) in the UK, 14C14S14 in India and SUM31 in Japan. None is identical: each differs in carbon, manganese or sulphur limits, so confirm the composition when substituting.

Is 1117 better than 1018 for machining?

Yes. On the AISI chart that rates 1212 at 100 %, 1117 scores 91 % and 1018 scores 78 %. The added sulphur breaks chips and extends tool life, at the cost of some ductility and weldability.

Can 1117 be carburized?

Yes. It has 0.14–0.20 % carbon, so it is machined first and then carburized and hardened. Total Materia gives carburizing at about 880–980 °C, case hardening from 780–820 °C and tempering at 150–200 °C.

Is 15SMn13 the same as 1117?

They are close equivalents, not the same specification. 15SMn13 has 0.12–0.18 % carbon, 0.90–1.30 % manganese and 0.08–0.18 % sulphur, against 1117's 0.14–0.20 %, 1.00–1.30 % and 0.08–0.13 %.

Is 1117 weldable?

It is not normally welded. The sulphur that gives free-machining behaviour also limits weldability; Macsteel makes the same point for the similar 230M07 grade. Choose a non-sulphurized carburizing steel such as 1018 or 8620 if welding is required.

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10181018 is a low-carbon, non-alloy steel with 0.15–0.20 % carbon and 0.60–0.90 % manganese, widely used as cold-drawn bar for machined and case-hardened parts.1215 / 11SMn371215 is a resulphurized and rephosphorized low-carbon screw-machine steel with up to 0.09 % carbon, 0.26–0.35 % sulphur and 0.04–0.09 % phosphorus.12L14 / 11SMnPb3012L14 is a resulphurized and rephosphorized low-carbon steel with 0.15–0.35 % lead added, rated about 170 % machinability against 1212 at 100 %.1144 / 44SMn281144 is a resulphurized medium-carbon steel with 0.40–0.48 % carbon, 1.35–1.65 % manganese and 0.24–0.33 % sulphur.8620 / 20NiCrMo2-28620 is a low-alloy nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel with about 0.20 % carbon, supplied for carburizing to give a hard case over a tough core in gears, shafts and pins.1020 / C22E1020 is a low-carbon steel with about 0.20 % carbon, used for shafts, pins, brackets and welded or case-hardened parts.SAE / AISI numbersA four-digit SAE/AISI number such as 1045 or 4140 names a carbon or alloy steel by its chemistry: the first two digits identify the steel family and the last two give the nominal carbon content in hundredths of a percent.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.BS 970 and the EN seriesBS 970 names steels with a six-character code such as 080M40, in which the first three digits give the steel type, the letter says how the steel is specified and the last two digits give the carbon content.IS 1570 and Indian designationsIndian steel names follow the letter-symbol code in IS 1762 (Part 1), which the IS 1570 schedules use: 45C8 means about 0.45% carbon, C for carbon steel and about 0.8% manganese, while alloy names such as 40Cr4Mo3 list each element with a multiplied content figure.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.Quenching and temperingQuenching and tempering hardens steel by cooling it rapidly from the austenite range to form martensite, then reheats it below Ac1 to trade some hardness for toughness.

References

Sources

  1. ICAST: SAE J403 / SAE J1397 UNS G11170, Cold Drawn — SAE J403 composition and J1397 estimated properties; also lists SUM 31 as the JIS name.
  2. ICAST: SAE J403 / SAE J1397 UNS G11170, Hot Rolled
  3. Total Materia: SAE 1117 (SAE J403:2014) — Composition, hardness and equivalents including 14C14S14, 214M15, EN202, EN7A and SUM 31.
  4. Total Materia: ASTM A311 1117 Class A — Cold drawn and stress relieved minimums and the 288 °C stress-relief rule.
  5. Total Materia: B.S. 214 M 15 — Composition and equivalents (SAE and AISI 1117, 15SMn13, 1.0725, SUM 31).
  6. Total Materia: JIS SUM 31 (G 4804:2021) — Carbon, manganese and phosphorus limits; equivalents.
  7. Total Materia: 1117 heat treatment record — Normalizing, annealing, carburizing, hardening and tempering ranges.
  8. Roymech: EN 10277 bright steel products, free-cutting steels — Composition and cold drawn properties of 11SMn30, 11SMnPb30, 11SMn37, 11SMnPb37, 15SMn13 and 44SMn28 by diameter band.
  9. IS 1570 (Part 3):1979 Schedules for wrought steels: carbon and carbon manganese free cutting steels (public copy) — Composition and tensile limits for 10C8S10, 14C14S14, 25C12S14, 40C10S18, 11C10S25 and 40C15S12.
  10. Enerpac: metal machinability ratings chart (AISI, percent of a free-machining reference steel) — Lists 1018 78 %, 1117 91 %, 1144 76 % (annealed 85 %), 1212 100 %, 12L14 170 %, 1215 136 %. Its footnote still cites B1112 as the reference.
  11. Engineering Toolbox: machinability of metals — Same AISI ratings (1117 91 %, 1144 76 %, 1215 136 %, 12L14 170 %).
  12. PMPA Craftsman's Cribsheet 58: Relative machinability of materials — States that carbon and alloy steels are compared with 1212 at 100 %.
  13. Kobelco: wire rods and bars specification tables, JIS G 4804 sulfur and sulfur compound free-cutting steel (2008 revision) — JIS G 4804 limits for SUM22, SUM23, SUM24L, SUM25, SUM31 and SUM43: C, Mn, P, S and Pb.
  14. BBN Steel Stores: JIS G4804 equivalent material — Second source for JIS SUM23, SUM24L, SUM25, SUM31 and SUM43 C, Mn, P, S and Pb limits.
  15. tubemfg: 15SMn13 and 44SMn28 chemical composition (EN 10087) — Second source for 15SMn13 and 44SMn28 C, Si, Mn, P and S (also https://tubemfg.com/eu/15SMn13.html).
  16. Standards listings: ISO 683-4 (free-cutting steels, replaced EN 10087) and EN ISO 683-7:2024 (bright products, replaced EN 10277:2018) — Confirms EN ISO 683-7 supersedes EN 10277:2018; ISO 683-4 lists 15SMn13 and 44SMn28 as free-cutting steels (de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatenstahl).

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.