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Resources/Materials & grades/1010 / C10E

Materials & grades

1010 / C10E / S10C low-carbon steel: equivalents 045M10, 10C4 and Ck10

1010 is a low-carbon steel with about 0.10 % carbon, supplied as bar, wire and sheet for cold-formed, carburized and welded parts. Its close equivalents are C10E (1.1121) in Europe, 045M10 in the UK, 10C4 in India and S10C in Japan.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationقياسيMatch
USAAISI/SAE1010SAE J403; ASTM A29 / A108Same material
UNSG10100—Same material
UKBS 970045M10Listed against S10C by MISUMI. Carbon 0.07–0.13 %, manganese 0.30–0.60 % (Total Materia). Sources differ on manganese: one datasheet gives 0.30–0.50 % for a chemically similar grade. BS 970 has been withdrawn.BS 970-1Closest equivalent
BS 970 (1955 EN series)EN32ASuperseded name that Total Materia lists against 045M10.—Closest equivalent
BS 970045A10Composition-only variant. Carbon 0.08–0.13 %, manganese 0.30–0.60 %.BS 970-1Closest equivalent
BS 970040A10Carbon 0.08–0.13 %, manganese 0.30–0.50 %. Total Materia lists the old names EN2A and EN2B against it.BS 970-1Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 nameC10ECase-hardening steel with controlled sulphur and phosphorus. Carbon 0.07–0.13 %, manganese 0.30–0.60 %. A C10R variant has a sulphur range.EN 10084 (EN ISO 683-3)Equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.1121Material number of C10E.EN 10084Equivalent
EN 10027-1 nameC10 (1.0301)Basic-quality version without the E controls on sulphur and phosphorus.EN 10277 / EN 10084Closest equivalent
DIN (legacy)Ck10Superseded German name for C10E (1.1121).—Equivalent
الهندIS 157010C4Carbon ≤0.15 %, manganese 0.30–0.60 %. A wider carbon range than 1010. Old Indian name C10.IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1)Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 4051S10CCarbon 0.08–0.13 %, the same range as 1010. Total Materia lists SAE 1010 as an official equivalent.JIS G 4051Equivalent
JIS G 4051S09CKCase-hardening grade that MISUMI lists against C10E, XC10 and 045M10.JIS G 4051Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • 1010 and C10E have nearly the same carbon range (0.07–0.13 % against 0.08–0.13 %) and the same manganese range (0.30–0.60 %). C10E caps sulphur at 0.035 % (1010: 0.050 %) but allows slightly more phosphorus (0.035 % against 0.030 %).
  • UK sources give several names. MISUMI lists 040A10, 045A10 and 045M10 against S10C; Total Materia lists EN32A against 045M10. 040A10 allows only 0.30–0.50 % manganese.
  • S10C has the same carbon and manganese ranges as 1010, plus silicon 0.15–0.35 % and a tighter sulphur cap (0.035 % against 0.050 %).
  • IS 10C4 caps carbon at 0.15 % without a minimum, so it admits steel with more carbon than 1010.
  • S09CK is a Japanese case-hardening grade that sits near C10E and 045M10 in MISUMI's table, but its carbon range is not verified here.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

Element1010USA · SAE J403045M10UK · BS 970-1040A10UK · BS 970-1C10E (1.1121)EU · EN 1008410C4الهند · IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979S10CJapan · JIS G 4051:2023
C0.08–0.130.07–0.130.08–0.130.07–0.13≤0.150.08–0.13
Si———≤0.40—0.15–0.35
Mn0.30–0.600.30–0.600.30–0.500.30–0.600.30–0.600.30–0.60
P≤0.030——≤0.035—≤0.030
S≤0.050——≤0.035—≤0.035
Cr—≤0.30≤0.30——≤0.20
Cr+Ni—————≤0.35

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Hot rolled (1010)Estimated minimum, SAE J1397 basisSAE J1397 estimated minimum, as published by ICAST320 MPa46 ksi180 MPa26 ksi≥28 %95 HB
Cold drawn (1010)Estimated minimum, SAE J1397 basisSAE J1397 estimated minimum, as published by ICAST370 MPa54 ksi300 MPa44 ksi≥20 %105 HB
Hot rolled or normalized (10C4)Specified range, ruling sections up to 150 mmIS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979, Table 2340–420 MPa49–61 ksi—≥26 %—
Normalized (S10C)Reference values after normalizing, as listed by Kobelco for JIS G 4051 (2009 revision); hardness range as listed by Total Materia. Sources differ on hardness: Kobelco gives 109–156 HB, Total Materia 101–156 HBKobelco, JIS G 4051 reference values (normalized); hardness from Total Materia, JIS S10C≥310 MPa≥45 ksi≥205 MPa≥30 ksi≥33 %101–156 HB

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Carbon 0.08–0.13 % and manganese 0.30–0.60 % give a soft, ductile steel that forms, bends and welds easily.
  • EN 10084 classes the European equivalent, C10E, as a case-hardening steel: carburize and quench for a hard surface over a soft core.
  • ASM Alloy Digest describes AISI 1010 as a low-carbon steel for deep-drawing sheet and structural shapes, with good formability and weldability.
  • Cold drawing raises the SAE J1397 estimated yield from 180 to 300 MPa.
  • Too little carbon to through-harden by quenching.

Heat treatment

  • Normalizing: about 900–950 °C (1650–1740 °F) for S10C (Total Materia).
  • Not hardened by quenching alone. Carburize, then quench and temper low, for a hard case.
  • Cold drawing is the usual way to raise strength: estimated minimum 370 MPa (54 ksi) cold drawn against 320 MPa (46 ksi) hot rolled.

استخدامات نموذجية

  • Cold-formed and deep-drawn parts
  • Carburized pins, studs and small machine parts
  • Welded fabrications and tube
  • Cold-headed fasteners and wire products
  • Stampings and general-purpose bar

Carbon steels

Similar grades compared

الدرجةC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
1010 / C10E0.08–0.130.30–0.60≤0.30—320 MPa
1008≤0.100.30–0.50——303 MPa
1015 / C15E0.13–0.180.30–0.60≤0.30—340 MPa
10180.15–0.200.60–0.90≤0.20—400 MPa
1020 / C22E0.18–0.230.30–0.60≤0.30≤0.40380 MPa
1025 / C25E0.22–0.280.30–0.60≤0.30≤0.40400 MPa
1030 / C300.28–0.340.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40470 MPa
1035 / C350.32–0.380.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40500 MPa
1040 / C40 / EN80.37–0.440.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40524 MPa
1045 / C450.43–0.500.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40565 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

أسئلة وأجوبة

Common questions

Is 1010 the same as C10E?

They are close equivalents. Both have 0.07–0.13 % carbon (1010: 0.08–0.13 %) and 0.30–0.60 % manganese. C10E (1.1121) is a case-hardening steel under EN 10084 with phosphorus and sulphur capped at 0.035 %.

What is the equivalent of 1010 steel in the UK, India and Japan?

The UK names are 045M10, 045A10 and 040A10 (BS 970). India uses 10C4 under IS 1570. Japan uses S10C under JIS G 4051.

What is the difference between 1010 and 1018?

1018 has 0.15–0.20 % carbon and 0.60–0.90 % manganese; 1010 has 0.08–0.13 % carbon and 0.30–0.60 % manganese. 1018 is stronger and 1010 is softer and more formable.

Can 1010 steel be case hardened?

Yes. Carburizing followed by quenching gives a hard surface over a soft core. The European equivalent, C10E, is listed under EN 10084 for case-hardening steels.

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1008SAE 1008 is a very low-carbon steel with at most 0.10 % carbon, supplied as sheet, strip, wire and bar for deep drawing and cold forming.1015 / C15E1015 is a low-carbon steel with about 0.15 % carbon, used for case-hardened pins and shafts, cold-formed parts and welded work.10181018 is a low-carbon, non-alloy steel with 0.15–0.20 % carbon and 0.60–0.90 % manganese, widely used as cold-drawn bar for machined and case-hardened parts.NormalizingNormalizing heats steel above its upper critical temperature and lets it cool in still air to give a fine, uniform ferrite–pearlite structure.SAE / AISI numbersA four-digit SAE/AISI number such as 1045 or 4140 names a carbon or alloy steel by its chemistry: the first two digits identify the steel family and the last two give the nominal carbon content in hundredths of a percent.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.BS 970 and the EN seriesBS 970 names steels with a six-character code such as 080M40, in which the first three digits give the steel type, the letter says how the steel is specified and the last two digits give the carbon content.IS 1570 and Indian designationsIndian steel names follow the letter-symbol code in IS 1762 (Part 1), which the IS 1570 schedules use: 45C8 means about 0.45% carbon, C for carbon steel and about 0.8% manganese, while alloy names such as 40Cr4Mo3 list each element with a multiplied content figure.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. ICAST: SAE J403 / SAE J1397 UNS G10100, Hot Rolled — SAE J403 composition and J1397 estimated minimum properties for 1010.
  2. ICAST: SAE J403 / SAE J1397 UNS G10100, Cold Drawn
  3. IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979 Schedules for wrought steels: carbon steels (public copy) — Table 1 carbon and manganese limits and Table 2 hot-rolled or normalized tensile limits.
  4. MISUMI: JIS and foreign standards comparison for machine structural steels — Cross-reference of JIS G 4051 grades with ISO, AISI/SAE, BS 970, EN 10084 / 10083 and NF names.
  5. Total Materia: JIS S10C (JIS G 4051:2023) — C, Cr and Cr+Ni limits, tensile, hardness and normalizing range; lists SAE 1010 and C10E / 1.1121 as equivalents.
  6. Total Materia: EN C10E (EN 10084:2008) — C, Mn and P limits.
  7. Total Materia: BS 970 045M10 — C, Mn and Cr limits; EN32A cross-reference.
  8. Total Materia: BS 970 040A10 — C, Mn and Cr limits; old EN2A and EN2B names.
  9. Global Steel Wire: C10E material specification sheet — Wire-rod sheet for C10E; used for the Si and S limits only (its Mn range is for wire rod).
  10. ASM Alloy Digest: AISI 1010 Low Carbon Steel — Description of use for deep drawing and structural shapes.
  11. Kobelco: Wire rods and bars specification tables (JIS G 3505, JIS G 4051) — S10C composition (C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cu, Ni, Cr, Ni+Cr) and the reference table of normalizing temperatures and normalized properties, JIS G 4051 (2009 revision).
  12. SteelJIS: S10C datasheet — S10C composition limits, JIS G 4051 (edition not stated); agrees with Kobelco.
  13. Steel-grades.com: C10E — C10E silicon ≤0.40 %, phosphorus and sulphur ≤0.035 % (Spanish UNE listing of the EN grade).
  14. Roymech: EN 10277 steels for general engineering and case hardening — C10 = 1.0301 and C10R = 1.1207 under EN 10277.
  15. Summit Steel: carbon steel estimated minimum mechanical properties — Hot-rolled and cold-drawn estimated minimums for 1008 to 1025; agrees with the SAE J1397 tensile values here; a few yield, elongation and hardness figures differ by rounding or typing.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.