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Resources/Cross-references/Structural steel grades

Cross-references

Structural steel grades compared: ASTM A36 / A572, EN 10025 S235–S450, IS 2062, JIS SS400 / SM490

Structural steel grades in the USA, UK, EU, India and Japan line up by minimum yield strength: about 250 MPa (A36, S235/S275, E250, SS400), about 350 MPa (A572 Grade 50 / A992, S355, E350, SM490) and about 410–450 MPa (A572 Grade 60/65, S450, E410/E450, SM570). The match is close rather than exact, because each standard sets yield at a different thickness band and pairs it with a different tensile range and toughness test.

Cross-reference

Equivalent grades by region

LevelUSAASTM A36, ASTM A572, ASTM A992UKBS EN 10025-2 (legacy BS 4360)EUEN 10025-2الهندIS 2062JapanJIS G 3101 (SS), JIS G 3106 (SM)
General structural, ~235 MPa yieldS235: yield ≥235 MPa up to 16 mm, tensile 360–510 MPa. SS400 and SM400 sit between S235 and S275 and are listed against either in published charts.— (A36 at 250 MPa / 36 ksi is the closest)S235JR / S235J0 / S235J2 (legacy BS 4360 grade 40B/40C/40D)S235JR / S235J0 / S235J2 (legacy DIN St 37-2)— (E250 at 250 MPa is the closest)SS400 / SM400 (closest: 245 MPa ≤16 mm, 235 MPa over 16 mm)
General structural, ~250–275 MPa yieldA36 and E250 have a 250 MPa yield, between S235 and S275; by tensile strength (≥400–410 MPa) they sit closest to S275. Charts pair A36 with either S235JR or S275JR.ASTM A36 (yield ≥250 MPa / 36 ksi, tensile 400–550 MPa / 58–80 ksi)S275JR / S275J0 / S275J2 (legacy BS 4360 grade 43B/43C/43D)S275JR / S275J0 / S275J2 (legacy DIN St 44-2)IS 2062 E250 (yield ≥250 MPa, tensile ≥410 MPa; legacy Fe 410)SS400 / SM400 (yield ≥245 MPa ≤16 mm, tensile 400–510 MPa)
Higher-strength structural, ~345–355 MPa yieldA992 also caps yield at 65 ksi (450 MPa) and the yield-to-tensile ratio at 0.85. No JIS SM grade has a 355 MPa yield; SM490 is lower and SM520 is higher.ASTM A572 Grade 50; ASTM A992 for W shapes (yield ≥345 MPa / 50 ksi, tensile ≥450 MPa / 65 ksi)S355JR / S355J0 / S355J2 / S355K2 (legacy BS 4360 grade 50B/50C/50D)S355JR / S355J0 / S355J2 / S355K2 (legacy DIN St 52-3)IS 2062 E350 (yield ≥350 MPa, tensile ≥490 MPa)SM490 (closest: yield ≥325 MPa ≤16 mm, tensile 490–610 MPa); SM520 (≥365 MPa ≤16 mm)
High-strength structural, ~410–450 MPa yieldS450 was added to EN 10025-2 for long products. Other high-strength European grades (S420, S460) sit in EN 10025-3 and -4.ASTM A572 Grade 60 (≥415 MPa / 60 ksi) or Grade 65 (≥450 MPa / 65 ksi)S450J0 (BS EN 10025-2); legacy BS 4360 grade 55 is the closestS450J0IS 2062 E410 (≥410 MPa, tensile ≥540 MPa) / E450 (≥450 MPa, tensile ≥570 MPa)SM570 (≥460 MPa ≤16 mm, tensile 570–720 MPa); SS540 (≥400 MPa ≤16 mm, tensile ≥540 MPa)

Read before comparing

  • Rows are grouped by specified minimum yield strength (ReH in EN, IS and JIS; Fy in ASTM). In EN, IS and JIS grade names the number is the yield strength in MPa (S275, E250); in JIS SS and SM names it is the minimum tensile strength (SS400 = 400 MPa).
  • Minimum yield falls as thickness rises. Figures in the table are for the thinnest band each standard gives (≤16 mm for EN and JIS, under 20 mm for IS 2062). Thicker plate and sections have lower minimums, so compare grades at the actual thickness.
  • Grades differ in more than strength. EN subgrades (JR, J0, J2, K2) and IS 2062 subgrades (A, BR, B0, C) set the Charpy impact test temperature; JIS SM grades add weldability limits that SS grades lack; A992 adds a maximum yield and yield-to-tensile ratio for seismic design.
  • Published cross-reference charts disagree on the ~250 MPa level: A36, E250 and SS400 are paired with S235JR in some charts and S275JR in others. This table lists them at their own yield values and marks the nearest neighbour as closest.
  • BS 4360 was withdrawn and replaced in the UK by BS EN 10025. Its grades 40, 43, 50 and 55 are still searched; 43 maps to S275 and 50 to S355. DIN 17100 names (St 37-2, St 44-2, St 52-3) are likewise superseded by EN 10025.
  • JIS G 3101 and JIS G 3106 were both revised in 2024. Values here are from published tables of the earlier editions; check the current edition for design.

أسئلة وأجوبة

Common questions

What is the equivalent of IS 2062 E250?

E250 has a 250 MPa minimum yield and a 410 MPa minimum tensile strength. Its nearest equivalents are ASTM A36 (250 MPa yield) in the USA, S275JR in the UK and EU (S235JR in some charts) and SS400 in Japan. None is identical; check thickness band and impact subgrade before substituting.

Is ASTM A36 the same as S275JR?

Not exactly. A36 has a 250 MPa (36 ksi) minimum yield, while S275JR has 275 MPa up to 16 mm. Their tensile ranges overlap (A36 400–550 MPa), so A36 is often treated as the closest US match to S275JR, but it sits between S235 and S275 on yield.

What is the equivalent of SS400 steel?

SS400 (JIS G 3101) has a 400–510 MPa tensile range and a 245 MPa minimum yield up to 16 mm. Charts list it against ASTM A36, S235JR or S275JR, and IS 2062 E250. For welded structures Japan normally uses SM400, which adds chemistry limits that SS400 does not have.

What is the equivalent of S355 in American and Indian standards?

In the USA, ASTM A572 Grade 50 and A992 (for wide-flange shapes) have a 345 MPa (50 ksi) minimum yield. In India, IS 2062 E350 has a 350 MPa minimum yield. In Japan the nearest grades are SM490 (325 MPa) and SM520 (365 MPa).

What does the JR, J0 or J2 suffix mean on S275 or S355?

The suffix sets the Charpy impact test: JR is 27 J at room temperature, J0 is 27 J at 0 °C and J2 is 27 J at −20 °C. It changes toughness, not strength.

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Keep reading

A36 / S275JR / E250ASTM A36, EN S275JR, IS 2062 E250 and JIS SS400 are the general-purpose hot-rolled structural steels of the USA, Europe, India and Japan, with a minimum yield of roughly 245–275 MPa (36–40 ksi).Rebar gradesRebar grades are named after their minimum yield strength: Grade 60 (420 MPa) in the USA, B500B or B500C (500 MPa) in the UK and EU, Fe 415 to Fe 600 in India and SD295 to SD490 in Japan.Bolt property classesMetric bolts in the UK, EU, India and Japan all use the ISO 898-1 property classes (4.6, 8.8, 10.9, 12.9), while US inch bolts use SAE J429 grades and ASTM specifications.Galvanizing standardsHot-dip galvanizing is specified by ASTM A123 (fabrications), A153 (hardware) and A767 (rebar) in the USA, EN ISO 1461 in the UK and EU, IS 4759 in India and JIS H 8641 in Japan.

References

Sources

  1. AISC SteelWise: structural steel selection (A36, A572 Gr 50, A992 properties)
  2. AISC Modern Steel Construction: ASTM A992 requirements
  3. Arvedi: non-alloyed structural steels to EN 10025-2 (strength by thickness)
  4. Roymech: EN 10025 grades with BS 4360 equivalents
  5. Tata Steel DigECA: IS 2062 E250, E350, E410 grades
  6. Tata Steel DigECA: IS 2062 E450 Grade A datasheet
  7. Tata Steel DigECA: Fe 410 and IS 2062 E250 mapping
  8. NBK: steel material data (JIS SS400, SS490)
  9. Total Materia: JIS SS540
  10. Japanese Standards Association: JIS G 3101:2024 and JIS G 3106:2024 (revision records) — JIS SM400–SM570 values at ≤16 mm taken from published tables of the pre-2024 edition.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.