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Resources/Materials & grades/A36 / S275JR / E250

Materials & grades

ASTM A36 / S275JR / IS 2062 E250 / SS400 structural steel

ASTM A36, EN S275JR, IS 2062 E250 and JIS SS400 are the general-purpose hot-rolled structural steels of the USA, Europe, India and Japan, with a minimum yield of roughly 245–275 MPa (36–40 ksi). They are used interchangeably for plates, sections and bars in welded and bolted structures, but they are not identical: yield, tensile range, chemistry and impact testing differ.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormaMatch
USAASTMA36ASTM A36/A36MSame material
UNSK02600—Same material
UKBS EN 10025-2S275JRThe UK uses the European standard. S275JR has a higher minimum yield than A36 (275 against 250 MPa at up to 16 mm) and an impact test at 20 °C.BS EN 10025-2Closest equivalent
BS 4360 (legacy)43A / 43BWithdrawn. 43B is the usual counterpart of S275JR (43C ≈ S275J0, 43D ≈ S275J2); 43A had no impact requirement and is listed against S275JR by some suppliers.BS 4360Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 nameS275JREN 10025-2Closest equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.0044Material number of S275JR.EN 10025-2Closest equivalent
EN 10027-1 nameS235JRLower strength (235 MPa yield, 360–510 MPa tensile). Some charts pair A36 with S235JR; S275JR is closer on strength.EN 10025-2Closest equivalent
DIN / EN 10025:1990 (legacy)St44-2 / Fe 430 BSuperseded names for S275JR. St37-2 / Fe 360 B were the old names for S235JR.—Closest equivalent
ÍndiaIS 2062E250 (A, BR, B0, C)Same 250 MPa minimum yield as A36; tensile minimum 410 MPa with no maximum. BR, B0 and C are impact tested.IS 2062:2011Closest equivalent
IS 2062 (legacy)Fe 410 WSuperseded name used in IS 2062 editions before the E-grade system.—Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 3101SS400Minimum yield 245 MPa (up to 16 mm); only phosphorus and sulphur are limited, so weldability is not guaranteed by chemistry.JIS G 3101Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • None of these grades is identical; all are closest equivalents for general structural use. Check the actual minimum yield, tensile range and impact requirement your design relies on.
  • S275JR is the closer European match to A36 on strength. S235JR is often listed in charts but has a lower yield (235 MPa) and tensile range (360–510 MPa).
  • A36 has a 250 MPa minimum yield at all thicknesses; S275JR's minimum yield falls with thickness (275 MPa to 16 mm, 265 MPa to 40 mm).
  • IS 2062 E250 matches A36's 250 MPa yield but specifies only a 410 MPa tensile minimum. Its sub-grades A, BR, B0 and C set deoxidation and impact testing; BR is the usual stock grade (Tata Steel).
  • SS400's minimum yield is 245 MPa up to 16 mm and it has no carbon or manganese limits, so it is not a direct substitute where welding chemistry is specified.
  • Sources disagree on A36's phosphorus and sulphur limits: AA Steel's reproduction of the current plate table gives ≤0.030 % each, while older references such as AZoM give 0.040 % P and 0.050 % S. Check the edition specified on the order.
  • BS 4360 is withdrawn. Most sources map 43B to S275JR, 43C to S275J0 and 43D to S275J2; 43A has no direct impact-graded counterpart.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

ElementA36 plate, over 20 to 40 mmUSA · ASTM A36/A36MS275JR (1.0044), up to 40 mmEU · EN 10025-2S235JR, up to 40 mmEU · EN 10025-2E250 AÍndia · IS 2062:2011E250 BR / B0Índia · IS 2062:2011E250 CÍndia · IS 2062:2011SS400Japan · JIS G 3101
C≤0.25≤0.21≤0.17≤0.23≤0.22≤0.20—
Si≤0.40——≤0.40≤0.40≤0.40—
Mn0.80–1.20≤1.50≤1.40≤1.50≤1.50≤1.50—
P≤0.030≤0.035≤0.035≤0.045≤0.045≤0.040≤0.050
S≤0.030≤0.035≤0.035≤0.045≤0.045≤0.040≤0.050
Cu≥0.20 when copper steel is specified≤0.55≤0.55————
N—≤0.012≤0.012≤0.012≤0.012≤0.012—
CEV—≤0.40 (to 40 mm)≤0.35 (to 40 mm)————
CE———≤0.42≤0.41≤0.39—

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
As rolled (A36 plates, shapes and bars)Specified; elongation shown is for plates and bars in 50 mm (2 in); 20 % in 200 mm (8 in)ASTM A36/A36M as tabulated by AA Steel400–550 MPa58–80 ksi≥250 MPa≥36 ksi23 %—
As rolled (S275JR)Specified, thickness 3–16 mm; elongation A (5.65√S0) for flat products 3–25 mm; Charpy 27 J at 20 °CEN 10025-2 as tabulated by Metinvest and Arvedi410–560 MPa59–81 ksi≥275 MPa≥39.9 ksi21 %—
As rolled (S275JR)Specified, thickness over 16 to 40 mmEN 10025-2 as tabulated by Metinvest410–560 MPa59–81 ksi≥265 MPa≥38 ksi——
As rolled (S235JR)Specified, thickness up to 16 mm; elongation A (5.65√S0) for flat products 3–25 mm; Charpy 27 J at 20 °CEN 10025-2 as tabulated by Metinvest and Arvedi360–510 MPa52–74 ksi≥235 MPa≥34 ksi24 %—
As rolled (IS 2062 E250)Specified, thickness under 20 mm (yield 240 MPa at 20–40 mm, 230 MPa over 40 mm); BR: 27 J at room temperature, B0: 27 J at 0 °C, C: 27 J at −20 °CIS 2062:2011, Table 2≥410 MPa≥59 ksi≥250 MPa≥36 ksi23 %—
As rolled (JIS SS400)Specified, thickness up to 16 mm (yield 235 MPa at 16–40 mm, 215 MPa at 40–100 mm); elongation for plate over 5 to 16 mm, No. 1A test pieceJIS G 3101 as tabulated by Nippon Steel and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government400–510 MPa58–74 ksi≥245 MPa≥35.5 ksi17 %—

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Readily weldable by common processes; A36, S275JR and E250 control carbon (and EN and IS grades also carbon equivalent) to support weldability.
  • SS400 limits only phosphorus and sulphur, so weldability depends on the mill's actual chemistry.
  • Good formability and machinability for a structural steel.
  • Toughness requirements differ: A36 and SS400 have no impact test in the base specification; S275JR and E250 BR are tested at about room temperature, and higher sub-grades at 0 °C or −20 °C.
  • No inherent corrosion resistance; structures are painted or hot-dip galvanized.

Heat treatment

  • Supplied and used hot rolled; these steels are not intended to be hardened.
  • Normalizing may be used for forming or to refine grain in thick sections when the order specifies it.
  • Thick sections and high-restraint welds may need preheat; follow the welding procedure for the actual carbon equivalent.
  • Stress relieving can be applied to welded fabrications where dimensional stability is needed.

Usos típicos

  • Building frames, beams, columns and bracing
  • Bridges, towers and platforms
  • Base plates, gussets and brackets
  • Anchor bolts, rods and threaded bar for structural connections
  • Machine frames, tanks and general fabrication

Structural and plate steels

Similar grades compared

GrauC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
A36 / S275JR / E250≤0.250.80–1.20——400–550 MPa
S235JR≤0.24≤0.90——360–510 MPa
S355J2≤0.23≤1.35——470–630 MPa
A572 Grade 50≤0.23≤1.35——≥450 MPa
A992≤0.230.50–1.60≤0.35≤0.45≥450 MPa
S420 / E410≤0.26≤1.35≤0.30≤0.80520–680 MPa
S460 / A572 Gr 65≤0.23≤1.65≤0.30≤0.80540–720 MPa
A588 / S355J2W≤0.190.80–1.250.40–0.65≤0.40≥485 MPa
A514 / S690QL0.12–0.210.70–1.000.40–0.650.70–1.00760–895 MPa
A516 Gr 70 / P355GH≤0.27 (to 12.5 mm); ≤0.28 (12.5–50 mm); ≤0.30 (50–100 mm); ≤0.31 (100–200 mm)0.85–1.20≤0.30≤0.30485–620 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Perguntas respondidas

Common questions

What is the European equivalent of ASTM A36?

S275JR (1.0044) to EN 10025-2 is the closest. It has a slightly higher minimum yield (275 MPa against 250 MPa up to 16 mm) and a Charpy test at 20 °C. S235JR is sometimes quoted but is weaker.

Is IS 2062 E250 the same as ASTM A36?

It is the usual Indian equivalent, not the same specification. Both have a 250 MPa minimum yield, but E250 has a 410 MPa tensile minimum with no maximum, a lower carbon limit, and impact-tested sub-grades (BR, B0, C).

Is SS400 equivalent to A36?

Approximately. SS400 has a 400–510 MPa tensile range and a 245 MPa minimum yield up to 16 mm, slightly below A36's 250 MPa. JIS G 3101 limits only phosphorus and sulphur, so check chemistry if the part is welded.

What is the difference between S275JR and S235JR?

S275JR has a minimum yield of 275 MPa and tensile strength of 410–560 MPa; S235JR has 235 MPa and 360–510 MPa (thickness up to 16 mm). Both are impact tested at 20 °C (the JR suffix).

What replaced BS 4360 grade 43A?

BS 4360 was replaced by BS EN 10025. Grade 43 steels became S275; 43B corresponds to S275JR, 43C to S275J0 and 43D to S275J2. Grade 43A had no impact requirement and is usually supplied as S275JR today.

From the Corona catalog

Products listed with A36 / S275JR / E250

Terças e tirantes de terça

Terça em C

Altura (H): 3-14 in / 75-300 mm · Aba (B): 2,35-3 in / 60-75 mm

Especificações
Estruturas de montagem em solo e terças

Estruturas de montagem em solo

Componentes: Perfis formados a frio e fabricação: postes, vigas inclinadas, terças, contraventamento, placas de base · Postes: Tubo redondo de 60, 75, 89, 114 mm; perfis C e sigma conforme o projeto

Especificações
Planos laminados a quente

Bobinas laminadas a quente

Espessura: 0,063-0,236 in / 1,6-6 mm · Largura: 36-80 in / 900-2.050 mm

Especificações
Planos laminados a quente

Chapas laminadas a quente

Espessura: 0,063-1 in / 1,6-25 mm · Tamanho da chapa: 48 x 96, 48 x 120, 60 x 120 in / 1.250 x 2.500, 1.250 x 6.300, 1.500 x 6.300 mm

Especificações
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Keep reading

Structural steel gradesStructural steel grades in the USA, UK, EU, India and Japan line up by minimum yield strength: about 250 MPa (A36, S235/S275, E250, SS400), about 350 MPa (A572 Grade 50 / A992, S355, E350, SM490) and about 410–450 MPa (A572 Grade 60/65, S450, E410/E450, SM570).10181018 is a low-carbon, non-alloy steel with 0.15–0.20 % carbon and 0.60–0.90 % manganese, widely used as cold-drawn bar for machined and case-hardened parts.NormalizingNormalizing heats steel above its upper critical temperature and lets it cool in still air to give a fine, uniform ferrite–pearlite structure.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.SAE / AISI numbersA four-digit SAE/AISI number such as 1045 or 4140 names a carbon or alloy steel by its chemistry: the first two digits identify the steel family and the last two give the nominal carbon content in hundredths of a percent.

References

Sources

  1. AA Steel: ASTM A36 chemical and tensile requirements — Plate composition by thickness and tensile requirements.
  2. AZoM: ASTM A36 Mild/Low Carbon Steel — Older P and S values; mechanical properties.
  3. Metinvest: S275JR steel grade — Composition and yield/tensile by thickness; legacy equivalents St44-2, Fe430B, 43B.
  4. Metinvest: S235JR steel grade
  5. Arvedi: Non-alloyed structural steels as per EN 10025-2 — CEV, elongation, Charpy and the 1.0044 / St 44-2 / Fe 430 B / 43B cross-reference.
  6. Parker Steel: British Standards and UKCA — Lists BS EN 10025 S275JR against BS 4360 43A/B.
  7. IS 2062:2011 Hot rolled medium and high tensile structural steel (public copy) — E250 composition and mechanical properties.
  8. Tata Steel: ASTM A36 equivalent in Indian Standard, IS 2062 E250
  9. Nippon Steel: product catalogue (JIS G 3101 table) — SS400 P and S limits, yield and tensile.
  10. Tokyo Metropolitan Government: construction materials specification, JIS G 3101 — SS400 yield by thickness and elongation.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.