Materials & grades
430 / 1.4016 / SUS430 ferritic stainless steel: equivalents 430S17 and X6Cr17
430 is a 17 % chromium ferritic stainless steel that is magnetic, cannot be hardened by heat treatment and resists corrosion in mild environments. Its equivalents are 1.4016 (X6Cr17) in Europe, 430S17 in the UK, X07Cr17 in India and SUS430 in Japan.
Names by standard
What it is called in each region
| Region | System | Designation | Norma | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USA | AISI/ASTM | 430 | ASTM A240 (plate, sheet, strip); ASTM A276 (bar) | Same material |
| UNS | S43000 | — | Same material | |
| UK | BS 970-1 (1996) | 430S17Stainless grades are no longer in BS 970; new orders use EN 10088. The name is still used on drawings. | BS 970-1 | Equivalent |
| BS 970 (1955 EN series) | EN60Superseded 1955 name. Roymech and Total Materia pair EN60 with 430S15. 430S17 is the later (1991) BS 970 name for 1.4016, so this is a close match only. | — | Closest equivalent | |
| EU | EN 10027-1 name | X6Cr17Carbon up to 0.08 %, chromium 16.0–18.0 %. | EN 10088-1; EN 10088-2; EN 10088-3 | Equivalent |
| EN 10027-2 number | 1.4016Material number of X6Cr17. | EN 10088-1; EN 10088-2; EN 10088-3 | Equivalent | |
| DIN 17440 (legacy) | X8Cr17Superseded German name, still searched. DIN 17440:1972 set carbon up to 0.10 %, where EN 1.4016 allows up to 0.08 %. | DIN 17440 | Closest equivalent | |
| Índia | IS 1570 (Part 5) | X07Cr17Carbon up to 0.12 %, nickel up to 0.5 %, chromium 16.0–18.0 %. | IS 1570 (Part 5):1985 | Equivalent |
| Japan | JIS G 4303 | SUS430Silicon up to 0.75 %, carbon up to 0.12 %. | JIS G 4303 (bar); JIS G 4304 / G 4305 (plate, sheet) | Equivalent |
On equivalence
- 430, 1.4016 and SUS430 are close equivalents. ASTM allows carbon up to 0.12 % and EN only 0.08 %. EN sets no nickel limit while ASTM A240 caps it at 0.75 %. IS and JIS use carbon up to 0.12 %.
- 430S17 is the BS 970 name, dating from 1991. The superseded 1955 number EN60 is paired with 430S15 by Roymech and Total Materia, so treat EN60 as a close match to 430S17 rather than the same grade. The old DIN name X8Cr17 is still searched; it comes from DIN 17440:1972, which set carbon up to 0.10 % where EN 1.4016 allows 0.08 %, and Total Materia lists it against 430.
- 430F (1.4104, X14CrMoS17) is the free-machining version for bar. It is a different grade with sulphur added.
- The 12 % chromium ferritic grades such as 3Cr12 (1.4003) have lower corrosion resistance and suit cost-critical uses (Atlas). Ferritic grades with molybdenum, such as 444 (1.4521), are the step up where 430 pits.
- JIS G 4303 mechanical values for SUS430 are not tabulated here because the available catalog table was unclear. Use the standard for acceptance values.
Chemical composition
Composition limits, mass %
| Element | 430USA · ASTM A240 | X6Cr17 (1.4016)EU · EN 10088-1 / EN 10088-2 | X07Cr17Índia · IS 1570 (Part 5):1985 | SUS430Japan · JIS G 4303 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | ≤0.12 | ≤0.08 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 |
| Si | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.75 |
| Mn | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.00 |
| P | ≤0.040 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.040 |
| S | ≤0.030 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.030 | ≤0.030 |
| Cr | 16.0–18.0 | 16.0–18.0 | 16.0–18.0 | 16.00–18.00 |
| Ni | ≤0.75 | — | ≤0.5 | ≤0.60 (may be added) |
Mechanical properties
Strength and hardness
| Condition | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation | Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AnnealedSpecified minimums, plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240); hardness is a maximumASTM A240 as quoted by Atlas Steels | ≥450 MPa≥65 ksi | ≥205 MPa≥30 ksi | ≥22 % | ≤183 HB (≤89 HRB) |
| Annealed (+A), EN 10088-3Specified, bar; hardness is a maximumEN 10088-3 as given by Deutsche Edelstahlwerke | 400–630 MPa58–91 ksi | ≥240 MPa≥35 ksi | ≥20 % | ≤200 HB |
| Cold rolled, annealed (EN 10088-2)Specified, strip and sheet up to 8 mm; elongation is A80EN 10088-2 as tabulated by Euro Inox | 450–600 MPa65–87 ksi | ≥280 MPa≥41 ksi | ≥20 % | — |
| Annealed (X07Cr17)Specified minimums, bar and flat; reduction of area ≥45 %IS 1570 (Part 5):1985, Table 3 | ≥483 MPa≥70 ksi | ≥276 MPa≥40 ksi | ≥20 % | — |
| Annealed (X07Cr17)Specified minimums, plate, sheet and strip; hardness is a maximumIS 1570 (Part 5):1985, Table 2 | ≥450 MPa≥65 ksi | ≥205 MPa≥30 ksi | ≥22 % | ≤183 HB (≤88 HRB) |
In practice
Behaviour, heat treatment and uses
Characteristics
- Ferritic and non-hardenable by heat treatment. Strength comes from the annealed structure and from cold work (Atlas).
- Good corrosion resistance in mild environments and in nitric acid. Pitting and crevice resistance is a little below 304 (Atlas). Not resistant to sea water.
- Very high resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking, like all ferritic grades, where 304 can fail.
- Ferromagnetic. The magnet test separates 430 from annealed 304 and 316, although cold-worked 304 can also attract a magnet.
- Oxidation resistance to about 870 °C intermittent and 815 °C continuous service (Atlas). Prolonged exposure at 400–600 °C can embrittle it, and annealing removes the effect.
- Atlas rates weldability as poor, and Deutsche Edelstahlwerke also rates 1.4016 as poor. Welds suffer grain growth and embrittlement; Atlas gives preheat of 150–200 °C and an anneal at 790–815 °C afterwards where welding cannot be avoided. Resistance and friction welds are easier than arc welds.
- Lower work-hardening rate than 304, so it bends and forms more easily, although ductility limits severe forming. Mostly supplied as sheet and coil.
Heat treatment
- Solution annealing: about 815–845 °C, slow cool to about 600 °C, then air cool quickly. Slow cooling through 540–400 °C causes embrittlement (Atlas).
- Sub-critical annealing: about 760–815 °C, air cool or water quench.
- DEW anneals bar at 750–850 °C with air cooling and warns not to exceed 850 °C because of rapid grain growth.
- Hot forming: heat to about 1100–1130 °C, forge between about 1130 and 750 °C, cool in air (DEW).
- Does not harden on quenching, so there is no quench and temper route.
Usos típicos
- Dishwasher linings and domestic appliance panels
- Refrigerator cabinet panels
- Automotive trim
- Indoor architectural panelling
- Chimney liners, stove trim rings and element supports
- Fasteners and lashing wire
Stainless steels
Similar grades compared
| Grau | C % | Mn % | Cr % | Ni % | Tensile, first listed condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 430 / 1.4016 | ≤0.12 | ≤1.00 | 16.0–18.0 | ≤0.75 | ≥450 MPa |
| 201 / 1.4372 | ≤0.15 | 5.50–7.50 | 16.0–18.0 | 3.5–5.5 | ≥515 MPa |
| 301 / 1.4310 | ≤0.15 | ≤2.00 | 16.0–18.0 | 6.0–8.0 | ≥515 MPa |
| 303 / 1.4305 | ≤0.15 | ≤2.0 | 17.0–19.0 | 8.0–10.0 | 650 MPa |
| 304 / 1.4301 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0–10.5 | ≥515 MPa |
| 304L / 1.4307 | ≤0.030 | ≤2.00 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0–12.0 | ≥485 MPa |
| 309 / 309S | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 22.0–24.0 | 12.0–15.0 | ≥515 MPa |
| 310 / 310S | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 24.0–26.0 | 19.0–22.0 | ≥515 MPa |
| 316 / 1.4401 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 16.0–18.0 | 10.0–14.0 | ≥515 MPa |
| 316L | ≤0.030 | ≤2.00 | 16.0–18.0 | 10.0–14.0 | ≥485 MPa |
Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.
Perguntas respondidas
Common questions
Is 430 stainless steel magnetic?
Yes. 430 is ferritic and strongly attracted to a magnet in every condition. It stays magnetic after welding or bending, whereas annealed 304 and 316 are non-magnetic until cold worked.
What is the difference between 430 and 304 stainless steel?
430 has 16–18 % chromium and no nickel, so it is cheaper, magnetic and very resistant to chloride stress corrosion cracking. 304 has about 8 % nickel and resists pitting and general corrosion better. 304 also welds and forms much more easily.
Can 430 stainless steel be hardened by heat treatment?
No. 430 is ferritic and does not transform to martensite, so quenching does not harden it. It can only be strengthened by cold work. 410, 420 and 431 are the hardenable stainless grades in this family.
What is the equivalent of 430 stainless steel?
1.4016 (X6Cr17) in Europe, 430S17 in the old British standard, X07Cr17 in India and SUS430 in Japan. These are close equivalents; EN limits carbon to 0.08 %, the others to 0.12 %.
Is 430 stainless steel weldable?
Only with care. The heat-affected zone coarsens and can become brittle, so arc welds are not recommended where toughness matters. If welding is needed, preheat to 150–200 °C, keep heat input low and anneal at 790–815 °C afterwards.
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Related references
References
Sources
- Atlas Steels, Stainless Steel 430, 430F Grade Data Sheet (revised 28/04/2021) — ASTM A240 composition and mechanical properties, corrosion, heat resistance, annealing, welding.
- Deutsche Edelstahlwerke (Swiss Steel Group), 1.4016 X6Cr17 data sheet — EN 10088-3 annealed properties, corrosion, welding, forging, magnetism.
- Euro Inox, Stainless Steel: Tables of Technical Properties (2nd edition, 2007) — EN 10088 composition limits and EN 10088-2 flat-product mechanical properties.
- Outokumpu: Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards — EN, ASTM, UNS, JIS and BS cross-reference; EN and ASTM minimum properties for flat products.
- Nose Stainless: steel types, composition and mechanical properties (JIS G 4303 reference sheet) — JIS G 4303 composition, heat treatment and mechanical properties for bar. Catalog reproducing the JIS values.
- Bureau of Indian Standards, IS 1570 (Part 5):1985 Schedules for wrought steels, stainless and heat-resisting steels (Public.Resource.Org copy) — Table 1 composition, Tables 2 to 4 mechanical properties and Table 7 heat treatment.
- Atlas Steels Technical Handbook of Stainless Steels (revised 12/08/2021) — Grade comparison (BS, EN, JIS), magnetic response and family characteristics. Distributor handbook quoting ASTM values.
- Aalco: stainless steel EN standards for bar — BS 970 designations with the superseded 1955 EN numbers (56A, 56B, 56D, 57, 60). Stockist table.
- Aircraft Materials: cross-reference of stainless steel specifications — BS and EN numbers (EN56C, EN57, EN60, BS 318S13) against AISI grades. Trade reference.
- Roymech: BS 970 stainless steel designations table — EN60 paired with 430S15; 430S17 and 1.4016.
- Total Materia (public pages): X 8 Cr 17, DIN 17440:1972 — Carbon up to 0.10 %; cross-referenced to 430, SUS430 and BS 430S15.
Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.