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Resources/Materials & grades/16MnCr5

Materials & grades

16MnCr5 (1.7131) case-hardening steel: equivalents 5115, 527M17, 16Mn5Cr4 and SCr415

16MnCr5 (1.7131) is a manganese-chromium case-hardening steel with 0.14–0.19 % carbon, used for gears, shafts and camshafts that are carburized and hardened. The nearest US grade is 5115, India lists it as 16Mn5Cr4 and Japan's closest is SCr415.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormaMatch
USAAISI/SAE5115Listed against 16MnCr5 by Saarstahl and Swiss Steel. 5115 has 0.70–0.90 % manganese and chromium, less than 16MnCr5.Former SAE standard gradeClosest equivalent
UKBS 970527M17Listed against 16MnCr5 by Saarstahl and Swiss Steel. BS 970 has been withdrawn.BS 970 (older parts; not in BS 970-3:1991)Equivalent
BS 970590M17Listed with 527M17 by Saarstahl; Swiss Steel also lists 590H17.BS 970 (older parts; not in BS 970-3:1991)Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 name16MnCr5Carbon 0.14–0.19 %, manganese 1.00–1.30 %, chromium 0.80–1.10 %.EN 10084:2008Same material
EN 10027-2 number1.7131Material number of 16MnCr5.EN 10084Same material
EN 10027-1 name16MnCrS5 (1.7139)Same alloy with a controlled sulphur range (0.020–0.040 %) for machining.EN 10084Closest equivalent
ÍndiaIS 443216Mn5Cr4Carbon 0.14–0.19 %, manganese 1.00–1.30 %, chromium 0.80–1.10 %. Sulphur-controlled version is 16Mn5Cr4-S.IS 4432:1988Equivalent
JapanJIS G 4053SCr415Chromium 0.90–1.20 % but manganese only 0.60–0.90 %.JIS G 4053Closest equivalent
JIS G 4053SMnC420Manganese 1.20–1.50 % but chromium only 0.35–0.70 % and carbon 0.17–0.23 %.JIS G 4053Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • 16MnCr5 and SAE 5115 are not equivalent in the strict sense. 5115 has 0.70–0.90 % manganese and chromium against 1.00–1.30 % manganese and 0.80–1.10 % chromium in 16MnCr5, so 16MnCr5 has the higher hardenability. 5115 is also a former SAE standard grade.
  • UK mills and stockists give 527M17 (also 590M17) for 16MnCr5. Saarstahl and Swiss Steel agree. BS 970 is withdrawn, so UK buyers now order 16MnCr5 to EN 10084.
  • India lists the grade as 16Mn5Cr4 in IS 4432. The limits match 16MnCr5 closely, but IS 4432 sets 0.035 % maximum phosphorus against 0.025 % in EN 10084.
  • JIS G 4053 has no exact match. SCr415 has the chromium (0.90–1.20 %) but less manganese (0.60–0.90 %). SMnC420 has the manganese (1.20–1.50 %) but half the chromium and more carbon.
  • 16MnCrS5 (1.7139) is the free-machining sulphur variant. It is ordered when a part is heavily machined before carburizing.
  • The EN 10084 limits here are those of EN 10084:2008 (silicon ≤0.40 %). ISO 683-3:2019 gives silicon 0.15–0.40 % and copper ≤0.40 %.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

Element5115USA · Former SAE standard (as listed by Total Materia)16MnCr5UK · As listed by West Yorkshire Steel16MnCr5 (1.7131)EU · EN 10084:200816MnCrS5 (1.7139)EU · EN 10084:200816Mn5Cr4Índia · IS 4432:1988SCr415Japan · JIS G 4053
C0.13–0.180.14–0.190.14–0.190.14–0.190.14–0.190.13–0.18
Si—≤0.40≤0.40≤0.400.15–0.350.15–0.35
Mn0.70–0.901.00–1.301.00–1.301.00–1.301.00–1.300.60–0.90
P—≤0.035≤0.025≤0.025≤0.035≤0.030
S—≤0.035≤0.0350.020–0.040≤0.035≤0.030
Cr0.70–0.900.80–1.100.80–1.100.80–1.100.80–1.100.90–1.20
Ni—————≤0.25

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Soft annealed (+A), as suppliedSpecified maximum hardness, EN 10084 supply conditionSaarstahl and Swiss Steel data sheets———≤207 HB
Annealed to a hardness range (+TH)Specified hardness range, EN 10084 supply conditionSwiss Steel data sheet———156–207 HB
Treated to ferrite-pearlite (+FP)Specified hardness range, EN 10084 supply conditionSwiss Steel data sheet———140–187 HB
Core after hardening, tempered at 200 °CMinimum tensile strength, d ≤16 mmSaarstahl data sheet≥1000 MPa≥145 ksi———
Core after hardening, tempered at 200 °CMinimum tensile strength, d 16–40 mmSaarstahl data sheet≥900 MPa≥131 ksi———
Core after hardening, tempered at 200 °CMinimum tensile strength, d 40–100 mmSaarstahl data sheet≥700 MPa≥102 ksi———
Blank hardened, typical (withdrawn DIN 17210 guide values)11 mm diameter, guide values onlySwiss Steel data sheet880–1180 MPa128–171 ksi635 MPa92 ksi9 %—
Blank hardened, typical (withdrawn DIN 17210 guide values)30 mm diameter, guide values onlySwiss Steel data sheet780–1080 MPa113–157 ksi590 MPa86 ksi10 %—
Blank hardened, typical (withdrawn DIN 17210 guide values)63 mm diameter, guide values onlySwiss Steel data sheet640–940 MPa93–136 ksi440 MPa64 ksi11 %—
Core of case-hardened test bar (16Mn5Cr4)16 mm diameter; tensile range, yield and elongation minimums; elongation on 5.65√A gaugeIS 4432:1988, Table 4850–1100 MPa123–160 ksi≥620 MPa≥90 ksi≥9 %—
Core of case-hardened test bar (16Mn5Cr4)30 mm diameter; tensile range, yield and elongation minimumsIS 4432:1988, Table 4800–1050 MPa116–152 ksi≥600 MPa≥87 ksi≥10 %—
Core of case-hardened test bar (16Mn5Cr4)63 mm diameter; tensile range, yield and elongation minimumsIS 4432:1988, Table 4650–950 MPa94–138 ksi≥450 MPa≥65 ksi≥11 %—

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Nickel-free manganese-chromium steel for wear-loaded parts that need a core tensile strength of about 800–1100 MPa (Saarstahl).
  • A common choice for gear parts and machine components that are machined first and carburized afterwards (Swiss Steel).
  • Swiss Steel describes it as generally weldable. Weld before carburizing.
  • Lower hardenability than 20MnCr5: less carbon, manganese and chromium give a softer, tougher core in the same section.
  • Density 7.76 g/cm³, elastic modulus 210 GPa, thermal conductivity 44.0 W/(m·K) at 20 °C (Swiss Steel).
  • Transformation temperatures from one heat: Ac1 about 745 °C, Ac3 about 830 °C (Swiss Steel).

Heat treatment

  • Hot working: about 1100–850 °C (Saarstahl, Swiss Steel).
  • Normalizing: about 840–870 °C, cool in air (Saarstahl).
  • Soft annealing: about 650–700 °C, furnace cool (Saarstahl, Swiss Steel).
  • Carburizing: about 880–980 °C (Saarstahl, Swiss Steel); IS 4432 gives 890–940 °C.
  • Core hardening: about 860–900 °C, oil (Saarstahl); IS 4432 gives 860–880 °C.
  • Case hardening: about 780–820 °C, oil (Saarstahl, Swiss Steel); IS 4432 gives 790–830 °C.
  • Tempering: about 150–200 °C, cool in air (Saarstahl, Swiss Steel).

Usos típicos

  • Piston pins and camshafts
  • Levers and other vehicle and machine parts under wear
  • Gears and pinions
  • Collets, pins and shafts
  • Gearbox and general engineering components that are carburized

Alloy and case-hardening steels

Similar grades compared

GrauC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
16MnCr50.13–0.180.70–0.900.70–0.90≤0.25≥1000 MPa
20MnCr50.17–0.220.70–0.900.70–0.90≤0.25≥1200 MPa
655M13 / EN36A0.08–0.130.45–0.651.00–1.403.00–3.50700–770 MPa
8620 / 20NiCrMo2-20.18–0.230.70–0.900.40–0.600.40–0.70530 MPa
93100.08–0.130.45–0.651.00–1.403.00–3.501289 MPa
4130 / 25CrMo40.28–0.330.40–0.600.80–1.10≤0.25590–760 MPa
4135 / 34CrMo40.33–0.380.70–0.900.80–1.10≤0.251000–1200 MPa
4140 / 42CrMo40.38–0.430.75–1.000.80–1.10≤0.25655 MPa
4340 / EN240.38–0.430.60–0.800.70–0.901.65–2.00745 MPa
5140 / 41Cr40.38–0.430.70–0.900.70–0.90≤0.25570 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Perguntas respondidas

Common questions

What is the equivalent of 16MnCr5?

SAE 5115 is the nearest US grade, 527M17 is the UK name, IS 4432 lists 16Mn5Cr4 in India, and SCr415 is the closest in Japan. 5115 and SCr415 have lower manganese or chromium than 16MnCr5.

Is 16MnCr5 the same as 5115?

No. 5115 is lower in manganese and chromium (0.70–0.90 % each), so it hardens less deeply. 16MnCr5 has 1.00–1.30 % manganese and 0.80–1.10 % chromium.

What is the difference between 16MnCr5 and 20MnCr5?

20MnCr5 has more carbon (0.17–0.22 % against 0.14–0.19 %), manganese and chromium. It gives a higher core strength after case hardening (about 1000–1300 MPa against 800–1100 MPa).

What is 16MnCr5 used for?

Carburized parts that need a hard wear-resistant surface and a tough core: piston pins, camshafts, levers, gears, shafts and pinions.

Is 16MnCr5 weldable?

It is generally weldable because of the low carbon content. Weld before carburizing, since the weld and heat-affected zone will not behave like the parent steel in case hardening.

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Keep reading

20MnCr520MnCr5 (1.7147) is a manganese-chromium case-hardening steel with 0.17–0.22 % carbon and a higher core strength than 16MnCr5, used for gears, shafts and cam parts.8620 / 20NiCrMo2-28620 is a low-alloy nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel with about 0.20 % carbon, supplied for carburizing to give a hard case over a tough core in gears, shafts and pins.93109310 is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum carburizing steel with about 0.10 % carbon and 3.25 % nickel, used for highly stressed aerospace gears and shafts.655M13 / EN36A655M13, formerly EN36A, is a UK case-hardening steel with about 3.25 % nickel and 0.8 % chromium, used for heavily loaded gears and shafts in large sections.10181018 is a low-carbon, non-alloy steel with 0.15–0.20 % carbon and 0.60–0.90 % manganese, widely used as cold-drawn bar for machined and case-hardened parts.Quenching and temperingQuenching and tempering hardens steel by cooling it rapidly from the austenite range to form martensite, then reheats it below Ac1 to trade some hardness for toughness.AnnealingAnnealing heats steel to a set temperature, holds it and cools it slowly to make it softer, more ductile and easier to machine or cold form.NormalizingNormalizing heats steel above its upper critical temperature and lets it cool in still air to give a fine, uniform ferrite–pearlite structure.SAE / AISI numbersA four-digit SAE/AISI number such as 1045 or 4140 names a carbon or alloy steel by its chemistry: the first two digits identify the steel family and the last two give the nominal carbon content in hundredths of a percent.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.BS 970 and the EN seriesBS 970 names steels with a six-character code such as 080M40, in which the first three digits give the steel type, the letter says how the steel is specified and the last two digits give the carbon content.IS 1570 and Indian designationsIndian steel names follow the letter-symbol code in IS 1762 (Part 1), which the IS 1570 schedules use: 45C8 means about 0.45% carbon, C for carbon steel and about 0.8% manganese, while alloy names such as 40Cr4Mo3 list each element with a multiplied content figure.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. IS 4432:1988 Case hardening steels (public copy) — Grades, composition (Table 1), core properties of case-hardened test bars (Table 4) and heat-treatment guidance.
  2. Kobelco: wire rod and bar standard tables (JIS G 4053 alloy steels for machine structure) — JIS G 4053 composition tables (2008 revision).
  3. Saarstahl data sheet: 16MnCr5 / 16MnCrS5 — International designations, typical analysis, heat treatment, minimum tensile strength after hardening.
  4. Swiss Steel (Deutsche Edelstahlwerke) data sheet: 1.7131 / 1.7139 (16MnCr5 / 16MnCrS5) — EN 10084 composition, designations, supply hardness, typical core properties (from DIN 17210), physical properties.
  5. Total Materia: SAE 5115 — 5115 carbon, manganese and chromium limits; listed under former SAE standards.
  6. West Yorkshire Steel: 16MnCr5 data sheet — UK stockist analysis and carburizing guidance.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.