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Resources/Materials & grades/1020 / C22E

Materials & grades

1020 / C22E / S20C low-carbon steel: equivalents 070M20 (EN3), 20C8 and Ck22

1020 is a low-carbon steel with about 0.20 % carbon, used for shafts, pins, brackets and welded or case-hardened parts. Its close equivalents are C22E (1.1151) in Europe and S20C in Japan, with 070M20 (EN3) in the UK and 20C8 in India as nearby grades.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormaMatch
USAAISI/SAE1020SAE J403; ASTM A29 / A108Same material
UNSG10200—Same material
UKBS 970070M20Carbon 0.16–0.24 %, manganese 0.50–0.90 %. Listed against C22E by Smiths Metal Centres and Total Materia. BS 970 has been withdrawn.BS 970-1:1991Closest equivalent
BS 970 (1955 EN series)EN3 (EN3A / EN3B)Superseded names for 070M20. Sources vary between EN3A and EN3B.—Closest equivalent
BS 970080A20Carbon 0.18–0.23 %, manganese 0.70–0.90 %. Total Materia lists C22E against it.BS 970-1Closest equivalent
BS 970055M15Saarstahl lists it against C22E. Other sources do not; treat with caution.BS 970-1Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 nameC22ECarbon 0.17–0.24 %, manganese 0.40–0.70 %.EN 10083-2 (EN ISO 683-1)Equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.1151Material number of C22E.EN 10083-2Equivalent
EN 10027-1 nameC22R (1.1149)Sulphur-range variant of C22E.EN 10083-2Equivalent
EN 10027-1 nameC22 (1.0402)Basic-quality version without the E controls on sulphur and phosphorus.EN 10083-2Closest equivalent
DIN (legacy)Ck22 / Cm22Superseded German names for C22E and C22R.—Equivalent
ÍndiaIS 157020C8Carbon 0.15–0.25 %, manganese 0.60–0.90 %. Old Indian name C20.IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1)Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 4051S20CCarbon 0.18–0.23 %, the same range as 1020. Total Materia lists SAE 1020 as an official equivalent.JIS G 4051Equivalent

On equivalence

  • 1020 and C22E are close equivalents: carbon is 0.18–0.23 % against 0.17–0.24 % and manganese is 0.30–0.60 % against 0.40–0.70 %. EN 10083-2 also specifies mechanical properties by condition and size.
  • UK sources disagree on the British name. Smiths Metal Centres and Total Materia list 070M20 (EN3) against C22E; Total Materia also lists 080A20 and 080A22; Saarstahl lists 055M15. 070M20 is the name most sources use. The 1018 page also lists it as a nearby grade.
  • 070M20 allows 0.16–0.24 % carbon and 0.50–0.90 % manganese, a wider range than 1020. Smiths Metal Centres lists SAE 1021 against 070M20.
  • S20C has the same carbon and manganese ranges as 1020, plus silicon 0.15–0.35 % and a tighter sulphur cap (0.035 % against 0.050 %).
  • IS 1570 20C8 has 0.60–0.90 % manganese, higher than 1020's 0.30–0.60 %.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

Element1020USA · SAE J403070M20UK · BS 970-1080A20UK · BS 970-1C22E (1.1151)EU · EN 10083-2:200620C8Índia · IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979S20CJapan · JIS G 4051:2023
C0.18–0.230.16–0.240.18–0.230.17–0.240.15–0.250.18–0.23
Si———≤0.40—0.15–0.35
Mn0.30–0.600.50–0.900.70–0.900.40–0.700.60–0.900.30–0.60
P≤0.030——≤0.030—≤0.030
S≤0.050——≤0.035—≤0.035
Cr——≤0.30≤0.40—≤0.20
Ni———≤0.40——
Mo———≤0.10——
Cr+Mo+Ni———≤0.63——
Cr+Ni—————≤0.35

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Hot rolled (1020)Estimated minimum, SAE J1397 basisSAE J1397 estimated minimum, as published by ICAST380 MPa55 ksi210 MPa30 ksi≥25 %111 HB
Cold drawn (1020)Estimated minimum, SAE J1397 basisSAE J1397 estimated minimum, as published by ICAST420 MPa61 ksi350 MPa51 ksi≥15 %121 HB
Normalized +N (C22E)Specified minimum, d up to 16 mmEN 10083-2 as tabulated by Roymech and Saarstahl≥430 MPa≥62 ksi≥240 MPa≥35 ksi≥24 %—
Normalized +N (C22E)Specified minimum, d 16–100 mmEN 10083-2 as tabulated by Roymech and Saarstahl≥410 MPa≥59 ksi≥210 MPa≥30 ksi≥25 %—
Quenched and tempered +QT (C22E)Specified, d up to 16 mmEN 10083-2 as tabulated by Roymech and Saarstahl500–650 MPa73–94 ksi≥340 MPa≥49 ksi≥20 %—
Quenched and tempered +QT (C22E)Specified, d 16–40 mmEN 10083-2 as tabulated by Roymech and Saarstahl470–620 MPa68–90 ksi≥290 MPa≥42 ksi≥22 %—
Hot rolled or normalized (20C8)Specified range, ruling sections up to 150 mmIS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979, Table 2440–520 MPa64–75 ksi—≥24 %—
Normalized (S20C)Reference values after normalizing, as listed by Kobelco for JIS G 4051 (2009 revision); hardness range as listed by Total MateriaKobelco, JIS G 4051 reference values (normalized); hardness from Total Materia, JIS S20C≥400 MPa≥58 ksi≥245 MPa≥36 ksi≥28 %116–174 HB

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Carbon 0.18–0.23 % and manganese 0.30–0.60 % (SAE J403) make 1020 a tough, general-purpose low-carbon steel.
  • In EN 10083-2 the equivalent C22E is specified in the normalized and quenched-and-tempered conditions, with tensile strength up to 650 MPa after quenching and tempering in sections up to 16 mm.
  • SAE J1397 estimated minimum yield is 210 MPa hot rolled and 350 MPa cold drawn.
  • Low carbon gives good weldability and cold-forming behaviour.
  • Case hardening by carburizing gives a hard surface over a tough core.

Heat treatment

  • Forging or rolling: about 1100–850 °C (2010–1560 °F) (Saarstahl, C22E).
  • Normalizing: about 880–920 °C (1615–1690 °F), air cool (Saarstahl, C22E); 870–920 °C for S20C (Total Materia).
  • Soft annealing: about 680–710 °C (1255–1310 °F), furnace cool (Saarstahl, C22E).
  • Hardening: about 860–900 °C (1580–1650 °F) with a water quench (Saarstahl, C22E).
  • Tempering: about 550–660 °C (1020–1220 °F) (Saarstahl, C22E).

Usos típicos

  • Shafts, spindles and pins
  • Brackets, levers and machine frames
  • Studs and bolts of low strength classes
  • Case-hardened gears and cams of modest load
  • Welded fabrications and general engineering bar

Carbon steels

Similar grades compared

GrauC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
1020 / C22E0.18–0.230.30–0.60≤0.30≤0.40380 MPa
1008≤0.100.30–0.50——303 MPa
1010 / C10E0.08–0.130.30–0.60≤0.30—320 MPa
1015 / C15E0.13–0.180.30–0.60≤0.30—340 MPa
10180.15–0.200.60–0.90≤0.20—400 MPa
1025 / C25E0.22–0.280.30–0.60≤0.30≤0.40400 MPa
1030 / C300.28–0.340.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40470 MPa
1035 / C350.32–0.380.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40500 MPa
1040 / C40 / EN80.37–0.440.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40524 MPa
1045 / C450.43–0.500.60–0.90≤0.40≤0.40565 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Perguntas respondidas

Common questions

Is 1020 the same as C22E?

They are close equivalents. C22E (1.1151) has 0.17–0.24 % carbon and 0.40–0.70 % manganese; 1020 has 0.18–0.23 % carbon and 0.30–0.60 % manganese. C22E is specified by EN 10083-2 with defined properties after normalizing or quenching and tempering.

What is the British equivalent of 1020?

070M20 (old name EN3) is the name most sources give. 080A20 is another BS 970 grade near it. BS 970 has been withdrawn, and UK buyers now usually order C22E.

What is the difference between 1020 and 1018?

1018 has 0.15–0.20 % carbon and 0.60–0.90 % manganese; 1020 has 0.18–0.23 % carbon and 0.30–0.60 % manganese. Their SAE J1397 estimated hot-rolled strengths are 380 MPa for 1020 and 400 MPa for 1018, so the two are often interchanged.

Is S20C equivalent to 1020?

Yes, as a close equivalent. S20C (JIS G 4051) has 0.18–0.23 % carbon, the same range as 1020, and Total Materia lists SAE 1020 as an official equivalent.

Is 1020 steel weldable?

Yes. Its low carbon content gives good weldability with common processes in normal section sizes.

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10181018 is a low-carbon, non-alloy steel with 0.15–0.20 % carbon and 0.60–0.90 % manganese, widely used as cold-drawn bar for machined and case-hardened parts.1015 / C15E1015 is a low-carbon steel with about 0.15 % carbon, used for case-hardened pins and shafts, cold-formed parts and welded work.1025 / C25E1025 is a low-carbon steel with about 0.25 % carbon, stronger than 1020 and still weldable, used for shafts, studs and forgings.NormalizingNormalizing heats steel above its upper critical temperature and lets it cool in still air to give a fine, uniform ferrite–pearlite structure.Quenching and temperingQuenching and tempering hardens steel by cooling it rapidly from the austenite range to form martensite, then reheats it below Ac1 to trade some hardness for toughness.SAE / AISI numbersA four-digit SAE/AISI number such as 1045 or 4140 names a carbon or alloy steel by its chemistry: the first two digits identify the steel family and the last two give the nominal carbon content in hundredths of a percent.EN 10027 names and numbersEuropean steels carry two identifiers under EN 10027: a steel name (Part 1) such as S235JR, C45 or 42CrMo4 that describes the steel's use or chemistry, and a material number (Part 2) such as 1.0503 or 1.7225.BS 970 and the EN seriesBS 970 names steels with a six-character code such as 080M40, in which the first three digits give the steel type, the letter says how the steel is specified and the last two digits give the carbon content.IS 1570 and Indian designationsIndian steel names follow the letter-symbol code in IS 1762 (Part 1), which the IS 1570 schedules use: 45C8 means about 0.45% carbon, C for carbon steel and about 0.8% manganese, while alloy names such as 40Cr4Mo3 list each element with a multiplied content figure.JIS steel designationsJapanese JIS steel symbols start with S for steel and add letters for the steel family or its use, but the number means different things in different standards.

References

Sources

  1. ICAST: SAE J403 / SAE J1397 UNS G10200, Hot Rolled — SAE J403 composition and J1397 estimated minimum properties for 1020.
  2. ICAST: SAE J403 / SAE J1397 UNS G10200, Cold Drawn
  3. IS 1570 (Part 2/Sec 1):1979 Schedules for wrought steels: carbon steels (public copy) — Table 1 carbon and manganese limits and Table 2 hot-rolled or normalized tensile limits.
  4. MISUMI: JIS and foreign standards comparison for machine structural steels — Cross-reference of JIS G 4051 grades with ISO, AISI/SAE, BS 970, EN 10084 / 10083 and NF names.
  5. Saarstahl material data sheet: C22E / C22R (1.1151 / 1.1149) — Heat treatment and +N / +QT properties; lists BS 055M15 and SAE 1020 / 1023.
  6. Roymech: EN 10083 steels for quenching and tempering — C22E composition and +N / +QT properties.
  7. Total Materia: JIS S20C (JIS G 4051:2023) — C, Cr and Cr+Ni limits, tensile, hardness and normalizing range; lists SAE 1020.
  8. Total Materia: BS 970 080A20 — C, Mn and Cr limits; cross-reference to 070M20 and C22E.
  9. Smiths Metal Centres: EN3B technical datasheet — 070M20 composition; lists SAE 1021, C22E (1.1151) and Ck20.
  10. Tachart: 070M20 — 070M20 composition; lists C22E and 1.1151.
  11. Kobelco: Wire rods and bars specification tables (JIS G 3505, JIS G 4051) — S20C composition (C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cu, Ni, Cr, Ni+Cr) and the reference table of normalizing temperatures and normalized properties, JIS G 4051 (2009 revision).
  12. SteelJIS: S20C datasheet — S20C composition limits, JIS G 4051 (edition not stated); agrees with Kobelco.
  13. Summit Steel: carbon steel estimated minimum mechanical properties — Hot-rolled and cold-drawn estimated minimums for 1008 to 1025; agrees with the SAE J1397 tensile values here; a few yield, elongation and hardness figures differ by rounding or typing.

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.