Materials & grades
409 / 409L stainless steel: equivalents 1.4512 (X2CrTi12), S40910 and 409S19
409 is a low-cost ferritic stainless steel with about 11 % chromium and a titanium addition, made mainly as sheet for vehicle exhaust systems. The current ASTM versions are S40910, S40920 and S40930, and the EN counterpart is 1.4512 (X2CrTi12).
Names by standard
What it is called in each region
| Region | System | Designation | मानक | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USA | AISI/ASTM | 409Generic type name. NKS says each of S40910, S40920 and S40930 can be supplied as S40900 unless the purchaser names one. | ASTM A240 (plate, sheet, strip) | Same material |
| UNS | S40900 | Original UNS number, now largely replaced by S40910, S40920 and S40930 (Atlas Steels). | Same material | |
| UNS | S40910Titanium-stabilised: Ti 6×(C+N) minimum, niobium up to 0.17 %. | ASTM A240 | Equivalent | |
| UNS | S40920Titanium 8×(C+N) minimum and 0.15–0.50 %, niobium up to 0.10 %. | ASTM A240 | Equivalent | |
| UNS | S40930Titanium at least 0.05 % with titanium plus niobium of at least 0.08 + 8×(C+N). | ASTM A240 | Equivalent | |
| UK | BS (withdrawn) | 409S19Withdrawn British name listed against 409 and 1.4512 by Outokumpu, Atlas and Deutsche Edelstahlwerke. New orders use EN 10088. | — | Equivalent |
| EU | EN 10027-1 name | X2CrTi12Carbon up to 0.030 %, which makes it the counterpart of the low-carbon S40910 types. | EN 10088-2 | Equivalent |
| EN 10027-2 number | 1.4512Material number of X2CrTi12. | EN 10088-2 | Equivalent | |
| DIN 17440 (legacy) | X6CrTi12Older German name for 1.4512 as listed by Atlas Steels. Superseded; use the EN name. | — | Closest equivalent | |
| भारत | IS 6911 | X04Cr11TiListed by Total Materia against IS 6911:2026 (also given as 409Ti4) and against SUH409. The standard text was not read; carbon is up to 0.08 % against 0.030 % for S40910. | IS 6911 (plate, sheet and strip) | Closest equivalent |
| Japan | JIS (SUH series) | SUH409LNippon Steel lists SUH409L as the similar grade to its NSSC 409L. Low-carbon counterpart of S40910 and 1.4512. | JIS G 4312 (heat-resisting steel plate, sheet and strip) | Closest equivalent |
| JIS (SUH series) | SUH409Listed by Atlas Steels against 409. Carbon is up to 0.08 % against 0.030 % for S40910. | — | Closest equivalent |
On equivalence
- S40900 versus S40910, S40920 and S40930: all are 409 and all share 10.5–11.7 % chromium and carbon of 0.030 % at most. They differ in how titanium and niobium stabilise the steel. NKS says any of the three can be supplied as S40900 unless the buyer names one, and Atlas Steels notes S40900 is now largely replaced by them.
- 409 versus 409L: the A240 carbon limit is already 0.030 %, so the 'L' is informal. SUH409L and EN 1.4512 are the low-carbon counterparts; SUH409 (C ≤0.08 %) and IS X04Cr11Ti are higher-carbon.
- 409 versus 410 and 430: NKS rates 409 as about equal to 410 in corrosion resistance and lower than grades with more chromium, such as 430 (16–18 % chromium). See the 410 and 430 entries.
- EN 1.4512 (X2CrTi12) allows 10.50–12.50 % chromium against 10.5–11.7 % in A240, sets no nickel limit and caps titanium at 0.65 %, against 0.50 %.
- The Indian name and the JIS composition row come from listings read for this entry (Total Materia, ICAST), not from the standards. Check IS 6911 and JIS G 4312 on the order.
Chemical composition
Composition limits, mass %
| Element | 409 (S40910)USA · ASTM A240 | 409 (S40920)USA · ASTM A240 | 409 (S40930)USA · ASTM A240 | X2CrTi12 (1.4512)EU · EN 10088-2 (cast analysis) | X04Cr11Tiभारत · IS 6911 (partial, Total Materia listing) | SUH409Japan · JIS (ICAST listing) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | ≤0.030 | ≤0.030 | ≤0.030 | ≤0.030 | ≤0.080 | ≤0.08 |
| Si | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 | — | ≤1.00 |
| Mn | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 |
| P | ≤0.040 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.040 | — | ≤0.040 |
| S | ≤0.020 | ≤0.020 | ≤0.020 | ≤0.015 | — | ≤0.030 |
| Cr | 10.5–11.7 | 10.5–11.7 | 10.5–11.7 | 10.50–12.50 | 10.50–11.75 | 10.50–11.75 |
| Ni | ≤0.50 | ≤0.50 | ≤0.50 | — | — | ≤0.60 |
| N | ≤0.030 | ≤0.030 | ≤0.030 | — | — | — |
| Ti | 6×(C+N)–0.50 | 8×(C+N) min; 0.15–0.50 | ≥0.05 | 6×(C+N)–0.65 | — | ≤0.75 |
| Nb | ≤0.17 | ≤0.10 | — | — | — | — |
| Ti + Nb | — | — | [0.08+8×(C+N)]–0.75 | — | — | — |
Mechanical properties
Strength and hardness
| Condition | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation | Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AnnealedSpecified minimums, plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240 S40910, S40920, S40930); hardness is a maximumASTM A240, via NKS, Atlas Steels and ICAST | ≥380 MPa≥55 ksi | ≥170 MPa≥25 ksi | ≥20 % | ≤179 HB |
| Annealed (A)Specified, cold strip up to 8 mm and hot strip up to 13.5 mm; yield is a transverse minimum (longitudinal 210 MPa)EN 10088-2, via Euro Inox tables | 380–560 MPa55–81 ksi | ≥220 MPa≥32 ksi | ≥25 % | — |
| Annealed bar (750–850 °C, air cooled)Deutsche Edelstahlwerke specification for 1.4512Deutsche Edelstahlwerke datasheet 1.4512 | 380–560 MPa55–81 ksi | ≥210 MPa≥30 ksi | ≥25 % | — |
| Cold rolled sheetOutokumpu typical values for 4512, not a specificationOutokumpu Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards, Table 6 | 425 MPa62 ksi | 255 MPa37 ksi | 33 % | — |
| Annealed (SUH409)Specified minimums as listed by ICAST; hardness is a maximumJIS SUH409, via ICAST | ≥360 MPa≥52 ksi | ≥175 MPa≥25 ksi | ≥22 % | ≤162 HB |
| Annealed (X04Cr11Ti)Partial listing; tensile strength and elongation are minimums, hardness a maximumIS 6911:2026, via Total Materia | ≥360 MPa≥52 ksi | — | ≥22 % | ≤162 HB |
In practice
Behaviour, heat treatment and uses
Characteristics
- About 11 % chromium with titanium to bind carbon and nitrogen. Deutsche Edelstahlwerke state that 1.4512 is much less prone to intergranular corrosion in the weld heat-affected zone than unstabilised 1.4016 (430).
- Corrosion resistance is about that of 410 and well above carbon steel, but below 430 and the austenitic grades. Deutsche Edelstahlwerke state PRE 16.0–18.0 and that 1.4512 is not resistant to sea water or to chloride above 150 mg/l.
- Ferritic and magnetic (Outokumpu, Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). It is sensitive to embrittlement by grain growth, so annealing must stay at or below 850 °C (Deutsche Edelstahlwerke).
- Formability is close to carbon steel; it cuts, blanks, stretch-forms and draws without difficulty (NKS).
- Sheet is readily welded by the processes used on carbon steel, including high-frequency, resistance, TIG, MIG, electron beam and laser, with a 409Cb filler often used for tube. Deutsche Edelstahlwerke rate bar weldability as poor because of coarse grains in the heat-affected zone, so keep heat input low.
- Atlas rates oxidation resistance to about 675 °C in continuous and 815 °C in intermittent service; a service-centre sheet (NKS) gives about 790 °C continuous. Density 7.7 g/cm³, modulus 220 GPa and thermal conductivity 25 W/m·K at 20 °C (Outokumpu, Deutsche Edelstahlwerke).
Heat treatment
- Annealing: 750–850 °C (1380–1560 °F) with air cooling. Do not exceed 850 °C because the grade embrittles by grain growth (Deutsche Edelstahlwerke).
- Forging: heat to 1100–1130 °C and forge between 1130 and 750 °C, then cool quickly in air. 1.4512 is less sensitive to overheating than 1.4511 because no low-melting eutectics form (Deutsche Edelstahlwerke).
सामान्य उपयोग
- Automotive exhaust systems: manifolds, pipes, catalytic converter housings, mufflers and tail pipes
- Non-automotive exhausts and flues: home-heating systems, thermostat and fuel-filter parts
- Heat-exchanger tube, transformer cases and caskets
- Fasteners and mechanical components in the 1.4512 bar form
Stainless steels
Similar grades compared
| ग्रेड | C % | Mn % | Cr % | Ni % | Tensile, first listed condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 409 / 1.4512 | ≤0.030 | ≤1.00 | 10.5–11.7 | ≤0.50 | ≥380 MPa |
| 430 / 1.4016 | ≤0.12 | ≤1.00 | 16.0–18.0 | ≤0.75 | ≥450 MPa |
| 201 / 1.4372 | ≤0.15 | 5.50–7.50 | 16.0–18.0 | 3.5–5.5 | ≥515 MPa |
| 301 / 1.4310 | ≤0.15 | ≤2.00 | 16.0–18.0 | 6.0–8.0 | ≥515 MPa |
| 303 / 1.4305 | ≤0.15 | ≤2.0 | 17.0–19.0 | 8.0–10.0 | 650 MPa |
| 304 / 1.4301 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0–10.5 | ≥515 MPa |
| 304L / 1.4307 | ≤0.030 | ≤2.00 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0–12.0 | ≥485 MPa |
| 309 / 309S | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 22.0–24.0 | 12.0–15.0 | ≥515 MPa |
| 310 / 310S | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 24.0–26.0 | 19.0–22.0 | ≥515 MPa |
| 316 / 1.4401 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 16.0–18.0 | 10.0–14.0 | ≥515 MPa |
Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.
आपके सवालों के जवाब
Common questions
What is the equivalent of 409 stainless steel?
1.4512 (X2CrTi12) in Europe, 409S19 in old British standards and SUH409L or SUH409 in Japan. In the US the names are S40910, S40920 and S40930, which replaced S40900. EN 1.4512 allows 10.5–12.5 % chromium against 10.5–11.7 % for ASTM 409.
What is the difference between 409 and 409L?
None in current ASTM A240: S40910, S40920 and S40930 all hold carbon to 0.030 %. In practice 409L means the low-carbon analysis. Japan separates SUH409 (carbon up to 0.08 %) from SUH409L, and EN 1.4512 matches the low-carbon type.
What is 409 stainless steel used for?
Mostly vehicle exhaust systems: manifolds, pipes, catalytic converter housings and mufflers. It also makes flues, heat-exchanger tube and transformer cases where corrosion resistance beyond carbon steel is enough.
Does 409 stainless steel rust?
It can. 409 has only about 11 % chromium, so it resists atmospheric corrosion better than carbon steel but will show surface rust in wet, salty or acidic service. Deutsche Edelstahlwerke say 1.4512 is not resistant to sea water or to chloride above 150 mg/l.
Is 409 stainless steel weldable?
Sheet and tube weld readily with the processes used on carbon steel, and a 409Cb filler is often used. Thick bar welds less well because of grain growth in the heat-affected zone, so keep heat input low.
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Related references
References
Sources
- Outokumpu: Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards — Cross-reference of EN, ASTM, UNS and JIS names with the superseded British, DIN and French names; EN and ASTM minimum properties for plate; Outokumpu typical values.
- Atlas Steels, Product Reference Manual Section 9: stainless steel properties and equivalent grades — UNS, old British BS, Euronorm and JIS cross-reference, with ASTM A240 composition and specified mechanical properties. States that cross-references are approximate.
- NKS (metals service centre, nks.com): 409 Stainless Steel product sheet — ASTM A240 composition for S40910, S40920 and S40930, minimum properties, welding, forming and applications. Published by a service centre, not the mill; the A240 figures match Atlas Steels and ICAST.
- Deutsche Edelstahlwerke (Swiss Steel Group): 1.4512 datenblatt (rev. 4512-1) — EN 10088-2 analysis, PRE range, annealed bar properties, annealing, forging and welding notes, BS and AISI cross-reference.
- Nippon Steel Stainless: NSSC ferritic series — Lists NSSC 409L (11Cr-0.2Ti-LC) with SUH409L as the similar JIS grade.
- Euro Inox: Stainless Steel: Tables of Technical Properties (2nd edition, 2007; Cedinox copy) — EN 10088 cast-analysis limits and minimum mechanical properties by product form for the EN grade, with the matching AISI/ASTM name.
- Total Materia: IS 409Ti4 (IS 6911:2026) — Partial IS 6911:2026 composition and properties, with cross-reference to X04Cr11Ti and SUH409. Full data is behind registration.
- ICAST: ASTM A240 UNS S40910 — Second source for S40910 composition and hardness.
- ICAST: JIS SUH 409 — JIS SUH409 composition and minimum properties.
- Atlas Steels: Grade Data Sheet 409 (rev. May 2008) — ASTM A240 composition for S40900, S40910, S40920 and S40930, tensile, yield, elongation and 179 HB / 88 HRB hardness limits, S40900 note, JIS SUH 409 and EN 1.4512 cross-reference.
- Zhejiang Guanyu Stainless Steel Tube Co.: EN 10088-2 (2005) composition and ambient-temperature mechanical tables — Second source for 1.4512 composition and the cold and hot strip properties (longitudinal 210, transverse 220 MPa).
- Total Materia: JIS SUH 409 (JIS G 4312:2019) — Shows C, Mn and Cr limits, tensile, elongation and hardness for SUH409; Si, P, S, Ni, Ti and yield were not visible.
Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.