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Resources/Materials & grades/A572 Grade 50

Materials & grades

ASTM A572 Grade 50 high-strength low-alloy structural steel

ASTM A572 Grade 50 is a high-strength low-alloy structural steel with a minimum yield of 345 MPa (50 ksi) and a minimum tensile strength of 450 MPa (65 ksi). It gets its strength from small niobium, vanadium or titanium additions, and its nearest equivalents are S355JR/J2, IS 2062 E350 and JIS SM490.

Names by standard

What it is called in each region

RegionSystemDesignationNormaMatch
USAASTMA572 Grade 50Grade 50 (345 in metric). The same specification also covers Grades 42, 55, 60 and 65. Alloy types: Type 1 niobium, Type 2 vanadium, Type 3 niobium plus vanadium, Type 5 titanium, nitrogen and vanadium.ASTM A572/A572MSame material
ASTMA709 Grade 50The bridge specification carries A572 Grade 50 with optional Charpy and fracture-critical requirements.ASTM A709/A709MEquivalent
ASTMA992Wide-flange shapes only. Same 345 MPa yield minimum, but a 450 MPa yield maximum, a yield-to-tensile ratio limit and a CEV limit. Has its own page.ASTM A992/A992MClosest equivalent
UKBS EN 10025-2S355JR / S355J2355 MPa yield to 16 mm and an impact test (JR at 20 °C, J2 at −20 °C) that A572 does not require.BS EN 10025-2Closest equivalent
BS 4360 (legacy)50B / 50DWithdrawn counterparts of S355JR and S355J2.BS 4360Closest equivalent
EUEN 10027-1 nameS355JREN 10025-2Closest equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.0045Material number of S355JR.EN 10025-2Closest equivalent
EN 10027-1 nameS355J2EN 10025-2Closest equivalent
EN 10027-2 number1.0577Material number of S355J2.EN 10025-2Closest equivalent
DIN / EN 10025 (legacy)St 52-3 / Fe 510Superseded names for S355J0 and S355J2.DIN 17100Closest equivalent
IndieIS 2062E350 (A, BR, B0, C)350 MPa yield and 490 MPa tensile minimum. Chemistry rules differ; impact qualities are tested at room temperature, 0 °C or −20 °C.IS 2062:2011Closest equivalent
JapanJIS G 3106SM490A / SM490B / SM490CYield 325 MPa to 16 mm against 345 MPa for A572 Grade 50. Tensile range 490–610 MPa.JIS G 3106Closest equivalent

On equivalence

  • A572 Grade 50 has no exact equivalent. S355 (EN 10025-2), IS 2062 E350 and JIS SM490 are the closest, with similar strength but different chemistry, thickness behaviour and impact testing.
  • S355JR, J0 and J2 require Charpy testing at 20 °C, 0 °C or −20 °C; A572 does not unless a supplementary requirement is ordered.
  • For wide-flange shapes, A992 has replaced A572 Grade 50 in most United States projects. A992 adds a 450 MPa yield ceiling, a yield-to-tensile ratio limit and a CEV limit.
  • ASTM A709 Grade 50 is the bridge version, and shapes are often dual certified to A572 Grade 50 and A992.
  • IS 2062 E350 has a 350 MPa yield (to 20 mm) and the Indian sub-grade system, so a mill certificate must name the quality (A, BR, B0, C).
  • JIS SM490 yield is 325 MPa to 16 mm. It is lower than A572 Grade 50, so SM490YA/YB (365 MPa) is sometimes chosen where yield must be matched.
  • Current editions of A572/A572M set phosphorus and sulphur at 0.030 % maximum, with 0.040 % and 0.050 % allowed for shapes, sheet piling and bars. Older editions and many stockist tables show 0.040 / 0.050 for all products, so check the edition on the order.

Chemical composition

Composition limits, mass %

ElementA572 Grade 50, plate to 100 mmUSA · ASTM A572/A572MA572 Grade 60, up to 32 mm (for comparison)USA · ASTM A572/A572MS355J2 (1.0577), up to 30 mmEU · EN 10025-2:2019E350 A / BRIndie · IS 2062:2011SM490B, up to 50 mmJapan · JIS G 3106
C≤0.23≤0.26≤0.20≤0.20≤0.18
Si≤0.40≤0.40≤0.55≤0.45≤0.55
Mn≤1.35≤1.35≤1.60—≤1.65
P≤0.030 (≤0.040 for shapes, sheet piling and bars)≤0.030 (≤0.040 for shapes, sheet piling and bars)≤0.030≤0.045≤0.035
S≤0.030 (≤0.050 for shapes, sheet piling and bars)≤0.030 (≤0.050 for shapes, sheet piling and bars)≤0.030≤0.045≤0.035
Cu——≤0.55——
Nb / V / Ti / NBy type: Type 1 Nb, Type 2 V, Type 3 Nb + V, Type 5 Ti + N + V————
CEV——≤0.45——

Mechanical properties

Strength and hardness

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
As rolled (ASTM A572 Grade 50)Specified, plates, shapes and bars to 100 mm; elongation 18 % in 200 mm (8 in), 21 % in 50 mm (2 in)ASTM A572/A572M as tabulated by AA Steel≥450 MPa≥65 ksi≥345 MPa≥50 ksi21 %—
As rolled (ASTM A572 Grade 60)Specified, for comparison; plate and shapes to about 32 mm; elongation 16 % in 200 mm, 18 % in 50 mmASTM A572/A572M as tabulated by AA Steel≥520 MPa≥75 ksi≥415 MPa≥60 ksi18 %—
As rolled (S355J2, EN 10025-2)Specified, thickness up to 16 mm; Charpy 27 J at −20 °C; yield 345 MPa at 16–40 mmEN 10025-2 as declared by Saarstahl470–630 MPa68–91 ksi≥355 MPa≥51.5 ksi22 %—
As rolled (IS 2062 E350)Specified, thickness up to 20 mm (yield 330 MPa at 20–40 mm)IS 2062:2011, Table 2≥490 MPa≥71 ksi≥350 MPa≥50.8 ksi22 %—
As rolled (JIS SM490A / B / C)Specified, thickness up to 16 mm (yield 315 MPa at 16–40 mm); elongation 17 % for plate over 5 to 16 mmJIS G 3106 as tabulated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government490–610 MPa71–88.5 ksi≥325 MPa≥47.1 ksi17 %—

In practice

Behaviour, heat treatment and uses

Characteristics

  • Weldable by common processes; carbon is capped at 0.23 % and manganese at 1.35 %, but the specification sets no CEV limit, so check the mill test report for thick or restrained joints.
  • Strength comes from niobium, vanadium or titanium and nitrogen, so it reaches 345 MPa with lower carbon than a plain carbon steel of equal strength.
  • Minimum yield is the same at all thicknesses to 100 mm, unlike EN 10025-2 grades whose yield falls with thickness.
  • No Charpy test is required in the base specification; supplementary requirements can add one.
  • Niobium-only steel is limited in thickness (about 13 mm for plate, 25 mm for shape legs in the higher grades) unless killed steel is supplied, so vanadium types are used for thick plate.
  • Good formability for its strength; a minimum bend radius applies in cold forming.

Heat treatment

  • Supplied as rolled. Normalizing is permitted and may be required by the order for toughness.
  • Not hardened by heat treatment.
  • Preheat depends on thickness and restraint; follow the welding procedure for the actual carbon equivalent.
  • Stress relief can be applied after welding where dimensional stability is needed.

Typické použití

  • Building and bridge plate, girders and built-up sections
  • Structural channels, angles and tees
  • Transmission and light-pole structures
  • Truck frames, trailers and mobile equipment
  • Heavy machinery frames and lifting equipment

Structural and plate steels

Similar grades compared

JakostC %Mn %Cr %Ni %Tensile, first listed condition
A572 Grade 50≤0.23≤1.35——≥450 MPa
A992≤0.230.50–1.60≤0.35≤0.45≥450 MPa
S420 / E410≤0.26≤1.35≤0.30≤0.80520–680 MPa
S460 / A572 Gr 65≤0.23≤1.65≤0.30≤0.80540–720 MPa
A36 / S275JR / E250≤0.250.80–1.20——400–550 MPa
S235JR≤0.24≤0.90——360–510 MPa
S355J2≤0.23≤1.35——470–630 MPa
A588 / S355J2W≤0.190.80–1.250.40–0.65≤0.40≥485 MPa
A514 / S690QL0.12–0.210.70–1.000.40–0.650.70–1.00760–895 MPa
A516 Gr 70 / P355GH≤0.27 (to 12.5 mm); ≤0.28 (12.5–50 mm); ≤0.30 (50–100 mm); ≤0.31 (100–200 mm)0.85–1.20≤0.30≤0.30485–620 MPa

Composition from the US standard where one exists, otherwise the first standard listed on each grade's page. Strength conditions differ between grades; open a grade for its full table.

Odpovědi na Vaše otázky

Common questions

What is the equivalent of A572 Grade 50?

S355JR or S355J2 in Europe and the UK, IS 2062 E350 in India and JIS SM490 in Japan. All are closest matches: strength is similar, but impact testing, chemistry and thickness behaviour differ.

What is the difference between A572 Grade 50 and A992?

A992 covers wide-flange shapes only and adds a 450 MPa maximum yield, a yield-to-tensile ratio of at most 0.85 and a carbon equivalent limit. A572 Grade 50 has none of these, and also covers plate and bars.

What are the types of A572 steel?

Type 1 uses niobium, Type 2 vanadium, Type 3 niobium plus vanadium and Type 5 titanium, nitrogen and vanadium. They give the same strength; the type affects the allowed thickness and weld behaviour.

What is the difference between A572 Grade 50 and A36?

A572 Grade 50 has a 345 MPa yield and 450 MPa tensile minimum. A36 has a 250 MPa yield and a 400–550 MPa tensile range. A572 Grade 50 is about 38 % stronger in yield.

Is A572 Grade 50 weldable?

Yes, with normal procedures. Carbon is limited to 0.23 %, but there is no CEV limit in the base specification, so thick sections may need preheat based on the actual chemistry.

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Keep reading

A992ASTM A992 is the standard steel for rolled wide-flange (W) shapes in the USA, with a yield strength of 345–450 MPa (50–65 ksi), a minimum tensile strength of 450 MPa (65 ksi) and a yield-to-tensile ratio of 0.85 or less.A36 / S275JR / E250ASTM A36, EN S275JR, IS 2062 E250 and JIS SS400 are the general-purpose hot-rolled structural steels of the USA, Europe, India and Japan, with a minimum yield of roughly 245–275 MPa (36–40 ksi).S355J2S355J2 is a common higher-strength structural steel of EN 10025-2, with a minimum yield of 355 MPa (51 ksi) up to 16 mm and a tensile strength of 470–630 MPa.S460 / A572 Gr 65S460 is a fine-grain structural steel with a 460 MPa minimum yield, supplied normalized (N, NL) to EN 10025-3 or thermomechanically rolled (M, ML) to EN 10025-4.S420 / E410S420N and S420M are fine-grain weldable structural steels of EN 10025-3 and EN 10025-4 with a minimum yield of 420 MPa (61 ksi) up to 16 mm.Structural steel gradesStructural steel grades in the USA, UK, EU, India and Japan line up by minimum yield strength: about 250 MPa (A36, S235/S275, E250, SS400), about 350 MPa (A572 Grade 50 / A992, S355, E350, SM490) and about 410–450 MPa (A572 Grade 60/65, S450, E410/E450, SM570).

References

Sources

  1. ASTM A572/A572M: High-strength low-alloy structural steel (catalogue entry) — Scope, grades 42 to 65 and alloy types 1, 2, 3 and 5.
  2. AA Steel: ASTM A572 requirements by grade — Grade 42, 50, 60 and 65 composition and tensile requirements (stockist reproduction).
  3. Saarstahl: declaration of performance, flat steel S355J2 / 1.0577 to EN 10025-2:2019 — Current-edition limits: C, Si, Mn, P, S, CEV by thickness, yield, tensile, elongation, Charpy.
  4. Arvedi: Non-alloyed structural steels as per EN 10025-2 — S235 and S355: material numbers, 2004-edition composition and CEV, yield, tensile, elongation, Charpy and the legacy DIN / BS / ASTM cross-reference.
  5. IS 2062:2011 Hot rolled medium and high tensile structural steel (public copy) — Mechanical properties, Charpy and the CE formula. The text layer of Table 1 is garbled, so chemistry per grade is cross-checked with mill sources.
  6. Tata Steel DigECA: IS 2062 E250, E350, E410 steel grades guide — E250, E350, E410 limits and impact qualities (A, BR, B0, C).
  7. Tokyo Metropolitan Government: construction materials specification, JIS G 3106:2024 welded structural steel — SM400, SM490, SM520: composition, yield and elongation by thickness, Charpy.
  8. Nippon Steel: product catalogue, JIS G 3101 and JIS G 3106 tables — SS400, SM400, SM490, SM520 composition, yield, tensile and elongation to 16 mm.
  9. Wikipedia: A572 steel (table cites ASTM A572/A572M-21) — Grade 42–65 composition with P and S at 0.030 % and mechanical minimums.
  10. ICC: ASTM A572/A572M-18 (code copy) — Footnote allowing 0.04 % P and 0.05 % S for structural shapes, sheet piling and bars (seen as a search extract; the page itself was not readable).

Values summarize published limits and typical data. The governing standard and the current edition control; check them before specifying.